96 ~ 96 4
96... iv...1...1...2...3...4...4...4...4...5...6...7...7...7...9... 11... 11...13 (inward looking)...13 (outward looking)...14 (forward looking)...15...19 (Account ability Dilemmas)...19 (Paradigm Dilemmas)...20 (Analytical Dilemmas)...20 (Structural Dilemmas)...21 (Replication Dilemmas)...22 (Motivation Dilemmas)...23 i
96 -...24...24...24...24...28...30...30...31...33...33...33...35...37...37...38...38...38...38...39...39...39...41...41...43...43...43...43...44...45...48 ii
96...48...49...2...10...18...29 iii
96 iv
step by step (big moo) 2003 E 1. 2.. 33 33 1
( ) 2
2 1 3
(innovation) ( ) ( 2005) ( ) ( ) 4
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5
(2002) ( ) (2005) (2005) 6
1990 Christensen 1997 (The Innovator s Solution) Tushman O Reilly 1997 (Winning through Innovation) Moore 1999 (Crossing the Chasm) (Ikujiro Nonaka) (Hirotaka Takeuchi) 1995 (The Knowledge-creating Company) ( 2005) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Amabile(1988) 120 7
( 2002) Brown(1989) Harrington(1990) ( 2002) King Anderson(1990) Eleanor Glor(2002) ( 2002) 8
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 9
10
( 2002) ( ) ( ) ( ) (intelligence-gene transplant) S 1. 11
(1) (2) (3) 2. S (S-curve model of business life cycles) (1) (2) (3) (prototype testing) 3. (1) - (2) - (3) - (4) - (5) - - - ( ) ( ) 12
(Innovation Management Techniques) ( 2002) (inward looking) ( ) (Value analysis ) 1. 2. 3. ( ) (Business process reengineering BPR) 4 1. ( ) 2. 3. 13
4. ( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (outward looking) ( ) (Benchmarking) ( ) (Strategy planning ) 3-5 ( ) (E-government) ( ) 14
5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.E (forward looking) ( ) ( ) (Total Quality management) (TQM) 1990 15
( ) 1. ( ) 2. " " 3. ( ) 1990 Peter Senge 1. (personal mastery) 2. (Mental model) 3. (Building shared vision) 4. (Team learning) 5. (Systems thinking) - (participation) - (anticipation) ( ) (Customer Relationship Management ) 16
( ) 21 ( ) 1. 2. SWOT 3. 4. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 17
18 (2002)
Alan Altshuler Robert Behn 14 6 ( 2001) (Account ability Dilemmas) ( ) ( ) ( ) 19
(Paradigm Dilemmas) ( ) ( ) (Analytical Dilemmas) ( ) 20
( ) (Structural Dilemmas) ( ) ( ) 21
(Replication Dilemmas) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 22
(Motivation Dilemmas) ( ) ( ) ( ) 23
- 56 9 16 1 2 5 5 3 E 91 24
( ) ( ) 3 ( ) 2 6 ( ) 25
3 E-Learning ( ) ( ) 6 14 ( ) e 26
4 ( ) 95 ( ) 级 27
1. 2. 3. 4. 28
29 E E
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ( ) ( ) 30
( ) 1. 2. 3. 40 4. 5. 6. 31
( ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 32
(Energy) (Energize) (Edge) (Execute) 33
( ) 5W1H ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 34
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) - 7 ( 2003) ( ) ( ) 35
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 36
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 37
38
( ) ( ) 39
40
1. 2. 3. 41
6 14 42
43
44
1. (2003) 284 156-228 2. (2005) - 7 56-64 3. (1999) - 4. (2005) 5. (1998) 6. (2002) 7. (2005) epaper@msx.epaper.com.tw 8. (2003) 53 134-135 9. (2001) 10. (1998) 11. (1991) - 12. (2001) - 25(5) 74-85 13. (2002)26(5) 20-29 14. (2002) - 15. 2002 117 32-42 16. (2003) 45
17. (1996) K 18. (1997) 19. (2005) 20. (2005) 21.. 33 (2006) 22. (1996) 23. (2005) 56(3) 28-52 24.Ronnie Lessem (1994) 25.Allan Afuah 1998.Innovation Management Strategies, Implementation, and Profits Oxford University Press. 26.Alan Altshuler 1997. Ten lessons from Innovations. PM. Public Management; Washington; Volume:79, Issue:8. 27.Altshuler, A. A. and M. D.(1997).Zegans Innovation and Public Management: Notes from the state House and City Hall in Innovation in American Government- Challenges, Opportunities, and Dilemmas, Edited by Alan A. Altshuler and Robert D. Behn, 68-80, Brookings Institution Press. 28.Amabile, T. M.(1988).A Model of Creativity and Innovation in Organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10. 123-167. 29.Barnett, H. G.(1953). Innovation:The basis of cultural change. New York: 46
McGraw-Hill. 30. Brown, R. T.(1989). Creativity: What Are We to Measure? In J.A. Glover, R.R. Ronning, C. R. Reynolds, Eds. Handbook of Creativity. New York: Plenum Press. 3-32. 31.Eleanor Glor(2002). Risks and Challenge in Thinking About innovation The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal. 32.Harrington, D. M.(1990).The Ecology of Human Creativity: A Psychological Perspective.In M.A. Runco and R.S. Albert, Eds. Theories of Creativity. Newbury Park, Cal. 143-169. 33.King, N. and N.Anderson.(1990).Innovation in Working Groups.In M.A. West and J.L. Farr, Eds. Innovation and Creativity at Work. Chichester, England: Wiley.81-100. 34.Mohr, L.(1969).Determinants of innovation in organizations, American Political Science Review, 63, 111-126. 35.Rogers, E. M.(1995).Diffusion of innovations. 4th ed. New York: Free Press. 47
Barnett (1953) Mohr(1969) Rogers (1995) (2001) (2002) (1998) (1991) (1999) 48
(1997) ( ) ( ) (2003) (2005) (2003) 49