Chapter 1 1 Introduction 1 1-1 The Classification of Microorganisms (microorganisms, microbes) (Bacterium, Bacteria) (prokaryotes) 0.1~2 (micrometer, μm; 1 μm=10 6 m) DNA RNA (organelle) 1. 2. 3. 4.
2 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 5. 6. 7. : (Fungus, Fungi) (eukaryotes)(yeast form) (mold form) (dimorphic form) DNA RNA (Parasites) DNA RNA (protozoum, protozoa) (helminth, helmonths)
Chapter 1 3 (Virus, Viruses) 20~400 (nanometer, nm; 1 nm=10 9 m) DNA RNA host cell (obligate intracellular pathogens) 1-1 DNA RNA 30S 50S 40S 60S 80S 70S
4 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1-1 DNA RNA DNA RNA DNA : 1-2 Microorganisms and Diseases pathogens (horizontal mode of transmission) (vertical mode of transmission) 1. (1) : (2) (3) (4)
Chapter 1 5 (5) (6) 2. 1. (septicemia, sepsis) 2. (toxemia) 3. (bacteremia) 4. (viremia) 5. (respiratory infections) 6. (gastrointestinal infections) 7. (genitourinary infections) 8. (skin infections) 9. (muscular infections) 10. (central nervous system infections) 11. zoonoses 12. (opportunistic infections) 13. (nosocomial infections) 48~72 1. EB
6 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 2. 8 3. 2 4. B C 5. 16 18 6. T T 7. ( ) (Live-Attenuated Vaccine) ( ) (Inactivated Vaccine) 1-2 (BCG) (MMR) (Sabin vaccine) (Varicella vaccine) (Rabies vaccine for animals) (Smallpox vaccine) 1 2 3 1980 1980
Chapter 1 7 1-3 (Cholera vaccine) (Salk vaccine) (Japanese encephalitis vaccine) A (Hepatitis A vaccine) (Influenza vaccine) (Rabies vaccine for human) O1 O139 1 2 3 A A B A ( ) (Subunit Vaccine) 1-4 (DPT vaccine) (DaPT vaccine) (Hib vaccine) (HbCV vaccine) (D) (P)(T) (D) (ap)(t) b b Hib
8 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1-4 B (Hepatitis B vaccine) (Cervical carcinoma vaccine) 7 (Pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine, PCV7) 13 (Pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine, PCV13) (DaPT-Hib-IPV) B (HBsAg) 6 11 16 18 4 6B 9V 14 18C 19F 23F 1 3 4 5 6A 6B 7F 9V 14 18C 19A 19F 23F b 1 2 3 B 2010 3 1 2 4 6 1 1-3 The Clearance of Microorganisms (Cleaness) (detergents)(surfactants)
Chapter 1 9 2 antiseptol (Bacteriostasis) (bacteriostat) 4 C 20 C 3 2~3 (Disinfection, Antisepsis) B ( ) (Boiling) 1. 2. 100 C 10~15 30~60 3. ( ) (Pasturization)
10 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1. 2. :62 C 30 72 C 15 3. 4 C 30 ( ) (Filtration) 1. 2. : 0.45 (μm) 0.22 2~3 3. ( ) (UV Irradiation) 1. DNA (ultraviolet, UV) (thymidine)(t-t dimer) 2. 254~260 nm 30 3. ( ) (Alcohol) 1. (ethanol)
Chapter 1 11 2. 70~75% 95% 3. ( ) (Betadine, Povidone-iodine) 1. polyvinyl pyrrolidine 2. ( ) (Chloride) 1. NaOCl 5% 2. ( ) (Phenol) 1. (carbolic acid) 2. (Sterilization) B (sterile) ( ) (Autoclaving) 1. 2. 15 (15 lb/in2) 100 C 121 C 15~20
12 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1 3. (1) : (2) (3) (4) ( ) (Dry Heat Steralization) 1. 2. 160~180 C 3~4 3. 4. ( ) (Flamming) 1. 2. ( ) (Gas Steralization) 1. 2. (ethylene oxide, ETO) 1:9 (ETO:CO 2) 3. ( ) (Glutaldehyde) 1. 2. 2~3% 10 3.
Chapter 1 13 (Anti-Microbial Agent) ( ) (Antibacterial Agent) 1. penicillin cephalosporin vancomycin 2. polymyxin 3. chloramphenicol erythromycin tetracycline 4. DNA rifampin quinolone 5. metronidazole sulfonamide trimethoprim ( ) (Antifungal Agent) 1. nikomycin polyoxin 2. azoles polyene 3. DNA 5-flucytosine trimethoprim 4. blasticidin sinefungin ( ) (Antiviaral Agent) 1. DNA acyclovir foscarnet ganciclovir 2. azidothymidine didanosine lamivudine 3. indinavir ritonavir saquinavir ( ) (Antiparasital Agent) 1. amphotericin b metronidazole pentamidine 2. mebendazole piperazine praziquantel (Immune System) ( ) 1. 2.
14 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 3. 4. 5. ( ) 1. 2. (1) B (2) A. B. C. D. 3. (1) T T (2) A. B. C. D.
Chapter 1 15 1. (A) 260 (B) (C) (D) DNA pyrimidine dimer 2. 70% (A) (B) (C) (D) 3. (A) (B) (C) (D) 4. (A) (B) (C) (D) 5. (prokaryotes) (A) (B) (C) (D) 6. (A) 70S (B) 80S (C) 100S (D) 120S 7. (A) (ribosome) (B) (cell membrane) (C)(mitochondria) (D)(cell wall) 8. (A) (B) (C) (D) 9. (A) (Cephalosporins) (B) (Tetracycline) (C)(Chloramphenicol) (D)(Erythromycin) 10. (sterilization)(disinfection) (A) (B) (C) (D) 11. 70% (A) (B) (C) (D) 12. (A) (B) (C) B (D) DPT 1.D 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.B
16 Medical Microbiology and Immunology
1 Bacteriology (nuclear membrane) (prokaryotes) K (1) (2) (3)(4)(5) (6)(7)
18 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 2 The Synopsis of Bacteria 2-1 The Anatomy of Bacteria (single-cell microbes) 1~2 (μm) 1000~1500 (coccus, cocci)(bacillus, bacilli)(vibrio, vibrios)(spirochete, spirochetes)
Chapter 2 19 2-1 (Common Structures) 2-2 ( ) (Cell Wall) 1. 2. 2-2
20 Medical Microbiology and Immunology 3. (1) Gram-positive bacteria, G(+) A. B. peptidoglycan + teichoic acid 4 + N- (N-acetyl muramic acid, NAM) + N-(N-acetyl glucosamine, NAG) C. 2-3 G(+) G( )(a)(b)