() ( ) (Intensive Programme) (Universal Programme) ( ) (Personal Competence) (Belongingness) (Optimism)
() 2.1 Bonnie Benard (1998) 1. 1. Competence 2. 2. Belongingness 3. 3. Optimism 2.2 (Kaufman, Cook, Arny, Jones & Pittinsky, 1994) (Domain) ( construct) (Gordon and Song, 1994) (factors) (Grotberg, 1995) 1995 (International Resilience Project) (Lifton, 1994) (Werner and Smith, 1994) (Universal capacity) / (Grotberg, 1995) 2.3 2.3.1 (Competence)
Grotberg (9 11 ) (1995) Bonnie Benard (1991) 2.3.2 (Belongingness) ( National Crime Prevention Council, USA, 1995 / ) 2.3.3 (Optimism) Martin Seligman ( 1995) () CBO 1) (Strength-oriented rather than deficit-oriented) 2) (protective factors) () 4.1 / / / / ( )
( ) ( ) (Briefing) (Briefing) ** (Leading) (Leading) ** (Debriefing) (Debriefing) ** ( ) ( ) ( ) / / / / ( ) / / / / ( ) ( ) / / ** optional ( ) 4.2 / ( ) / 4.3 (Significant others)
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UAP-primary * * : : 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 2 3 d. 1 2 3 e. 1 2 3 f. 1 2 3 g. ( ) 24
UAP-primary * * : : 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 2 3 d. 1 2 3 e. 1 2 3 f. 1 2 3 g. 1 2 3 h. 1 2 3 i. j. ( ) 25
UAP-primary * (1)* : : 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 2 3 d. 1 2 3 e. 1 2 3 f. 1 2 3 g. 1 2 3 h. 1 2 3 i. 1 2 3 j. 1 2 3 k. 1 2 3 l. 1 2 3 m. ( ) 26
UAP-primary * (2)* : : 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 2 3 d. 1 2 3 e. 1 2 3 f. 1 2 3 g. 1 2 3 h. 1 2 3 i. 1 2 3 j. 1 2 3 k. 1 2 3 l. 1 2 3 1 2 3 n. ( ) 27
UAP-primary * * : : 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 2 3 d. 1 2 3 e. 1 2 3 f. 1 2 3 g. 1 2 3 h. 1 2 3 i. 1 2 3 j. 1 2 3 k. 1 2 3 l. 1 2 3 m. 1 2 3 n. 1 2 3 o. ( ) 28
UAP-primary * * : : 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 n. ( ) 29
UAP-primary * * : : 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 2 3 d. 1 2 3 e. 1 2 3 f. 1 2 3 g. 1 2 3 h. ( ) 30
UAP-primary * * : : 7. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 2 3 d. 1 2 3 e. 1 2 3 f. 1 2 3 g. 1 2 3 h. 1 2 3 i. 1 2 3 j. 1 2 3 k. 1 2 3 l. ( ) 31
* * UAP-primary : : 7. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a. 1 2 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 2 3 d. 1 2 3 e. 1 2 3 f. 1 2 3 g. 1 2 3 h. 1 2 3 i. 1 2 3 j. 1 2 3 k. ( ) 32
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Self-Esteem: A Proven Program of Cognitive Techniques for Assessing, Improving, and Maintaining Your Self-Esteem, New Harbinger Publishers man S G Development Through Life, Wadsworth Publishing Company Bonnie Benard, Resiliency Associates(1997). Turing It Around For All Youth: From Risk To Resilience, Number 126, EDO-UD-97-7 Science & Behavior Books, 80-100 Parker J. Palmer The Courage to Teach: Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher's Life, Jossey-Bass, 1-8 Social Learning Theory, Prentice Hall Johnson, D.W., & Johnson, R.T(1987). Creative Conflict. Minneapolis: Cooperative Learning Center Processing the Experience: Strategies to Enhance and Generalize Learning, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company Hostility and Aggression, John Wiley & Sons Abraham Harold, Maslow The Journals of A. H. Maslow, Brooks/Cole Pub Co Irma. Stein(1974). Systems Theory, Science, and Social Work. Scarecrow Press Joel H. Brown, et al Resilience Education, Corwin Press Crabb, L. & Dan, Allender,D.B. (1996), Hope When You re Hurting, America: Zondervan Publishing House Crabb, L. (1997), Connecting, America: Word Publishing Henderson, Nan, Sarp-Light, Nancy,&Benard, Bonnie,(eds). Mentoring for Resiliency (2000), Mentoring for Resiliency: Setting Up Programs to Move Youth from Stressed to Success., San Diego,CA: *Resiliency In Action, Inc. Henderson, Nan, Sarp-Light, Nancy,&Benard, Bonnie,(eds). Resiliency In Action(1999), Practical Ideas for Overcoming Risks and Building Strengths-in Youth,Families,and Communities, San Diego,CA: *Resiliency In Action, Inc. Krovetz, M.L. (1998), Fostering Resiliency: Expecting Students to use their mind and their hearts well, America: Corwin Press, Inc. Mann, G. (1992), When The Bad Times Are Over For Good, U.S.A.: Mc Cracken Press McMinn, M.R. (1996), Making the Best of Stress, America: Inter Varsity Press Norman, H.W.(1997), Resilience: Rebounding When Life s Upsets Knock You Down, U.S.A.: Servant Publications Saleebey,D.(1997), The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice, New York: Addison-Wesley Longman. Werner, E.&Smith,R.(1992), Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood, New York: Cornel University Press Wolin, Steven & Sybil(1993), The Resilient Self: How Survivors of Troubled Families Rise Above Adversity, New York: Villard 34
Thomsen, K (2002) Building Resilient Students: Integrating Resiliency into What You Already Know and Do. Corwin Press ( ) (1998) --30 (2000) - (2001) ( ) (2002) (2000), : (2002),I CAN: ( ), : Ferguson, G. (1999), Shouting at the Sky-Troubled Teens and the Promise of the Wild, New York:St. Martin s Press Frankl, V. E. (1984), Man s Search for Meaning (Revised and Updated), America: Washington Square Press Greenaway, R. Reviewing adventures, Why and How, London Parker,J.P. (1993), To Know as We are Known- Education as a Spiritual Journey, New York:Harper Collins Greenaway, R. (1991)More Than ActivitiesBritain: The Save the Children Fund Greenaway, R., (1993), Playback- A Guide to Reviewing Activities, Scotland: Roger Greenaway Lynn, E.P., ( ) (2002) (The Romance of Risk) Parker,J.P. (1993) To Know as we are Known: Education as a spiritual journey, New York: Harper San Francisco Paris & Ayres ( )2001,, (2002) -. /. ( ) (2000) ( ) (1997) : (2001) Haddock, C. and Goldring, R. (1993)Managing Risks In Outdoor Activities, New Zealand: New Zealand Mountain Safety Council Inc. Hopkins, D. and Patnam, R.(1993)Personal Growth Through Adventure, London: David Pulton Publishers Schoel, J., Prouty, D. and Radcliffe, P. (1989)Islands of Healing-Adventure Based Counseling, U.S.A.: 35
Project Adventure Inc. : www.resiliency.com/ www.projectresilience.com www.thrivenet.com www.tiendao.org.hk/soulquali/aqtest.htm www.breakthrough.org.hk/ir/culture/culture.htm www.resiliencycenter.com www.cyfernet.org/research/resilreview.html www.learningstrategies.com/resiliency/home. www.breakthrough.org.hk/chi/other/outward_journey/ www.tlmshk.edu.hk/notice2/pta/sec_02_last_draft.ppt www.hkcs.org/fcb/mas/mas.htm www.greenpastures.com.hk/list_sdi.html 36