ABSTRACT As the society changing, women s participation in the labor force has increased, and women occupy much more of management jobs in companies than before. Top management, however, ranks remain dominated by men. Obviously, the glass ceiling effect hasn t even faded out as time goes by. In this study, we extend earlier research on the extent of women s promotion in management positions, and examine organizational and personal characteristics and practices that may account for the glass ceiling. With 379 samples and Structural Equation Model (SEM) for analysis, this study concludes that women s promotion in management positions is still effected by certain factors, such as their human capital (marriage, working years, training), the social psychology (leadership characteristics), and the organizational system (supervisor- subordinate relationship, master-apprentice relationship). Keywords: glass ceiling, human capital, women s management position - 294 -
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H1, H2, H3a, H3b, H4 H5, H6 H7 H8, H9, H10, H11 1-299 -
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-0.03** 0.17*** 0.12** 0.04* 0.01-0.02 0.11** -0.04 0.09*** 0.04 0.06** -0.01 χ 2 df 2 χ / df GFI AGFI IFI CFI RMR 602.41 240 2.51 0.91 0.84 0.87 0.91 0.15 ( t>1.96p<0.05 * t>2.58p<0.01 ** t>3.29p<0.001 *** ) 2-301 -
χ 2 2 H1 H2 H3a H3b H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11-302 -
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