7 6 2004 11 ( ) Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology( Social Science Edition) Vol. 7 No. 6 Nov. 2004 Ξ ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) (1. ;2. 100872) 1912 (18 ) (33 ) 50 ; A841 A 1672-7835(2004) 06-0023 - 12 ;! [1 ] 1927 (Mao s Road to Power) 1927 1912 18 33 1927! 50 1927 1930 1927 Ξ 2004-09 - 11 2004 ( 100900 ; 30203007) (Brantly Womack) (1947 - ) (Professor of Government University of Vir2 gina) (1981 - ) 2004 12 110 Stuart Schram ed. Mao s Road to Power Revolutionary Writings 1912-1949 edited by Stuart Schram. 10 Volumes (Armonk M. E. Sharpe 1992-1999) Vol. 1 The Pre - Marxist Period 1912 1920 p. 132. The Comintern announced that Mao had died in 1929. Jerome Chen Mao and the Chinese Revolution (London Oxford University Press 1965) p. 153. 23
?? (normal science) 1926-1927?? [2 ] 1937 (intellectual framework)?? [3 ]? 20 10? ; 1917-1937 1918 1919 (Clifford Geertz) 1921 1927 1917 1921 ; 1921 1927 (Thomas Kuhn) [4] CliffordGeertz Ideology as a Cultural System in David Apter ed. Ideology and Discontent (New York Free Press 1964) pp. 47-71. Tang Tsou Revolution Reintegration and Crisis in Communist Chi2 na in Tang Tsou The Cultural Revolution and Post - Mao Reforms pp. 3-67. Letter to Lin Jinxi August 13. 1917 Mao s Road I p. 135. 24
[6 ] ( ) 1893 (compressed intellectual modernization) [8 ] 1900 [9 ] 1919 20 1900 [5 ] [10 ] [11 ] [6 ] ; 1905 [12 ] [7 ] ( ) (Joseph Levenson) ( ) ( (anti - culturalism) 1918 10 15 5 5) Maurice Meisner Li Dazhao and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution ( Cambridge Harvard University ( ) Press 1967) pp. 29-51. 25
[13 ] [13 ] 1914 3 20 10 2 8 1918 6 [14 ] 1915 9 1936 11 ( gaunt rather Lin2 1917 colnesque figure ) 10 [13] 1918 4 14 10 60 12 [14] 5 1920 20 18 9 20 1920 1910 ; 1911 17 1927 1925 ; ; 1911 6 Stuart Schram Mao Tse - tung (Baltimore Penguin 1966) ; 9 Philip Short Mao A Life (New York Henry Holt 1999) ; Lee Feigon Mao A Reinterpretation (Chicago Ivan R. Dee 2002) ; Siao - yu Mao Tse - tung and I were Beggars (New York Collier 1957). ( ) 1993 p. 15. Mao s Road to Power vol. 2 pp. 18-34. Ibid pp. 18-19. 26
( ) 1912 1920 1917 100 ( ) 1912 1912 1917 1916 7 3 1920 Mao s Road to Power vol. 1 p. 68. Ibid. pp. 113-127. Ibid. p. xxxiii. pp. 17-18. 1951 10 ( ) Snow op. cit. p. 148. 17 Mao s Road to Power vol. 1 pp. 5-6. Ibid. p. 6. ; Ibid. p. 95. 7 Generally dated from the death of Yuan Shikai and the second Xuzhou conference of military governors in 1916. Hsi - Sheng Ch i War2 lord Politics in China 1916-1928 (Stanford Stanford University Press 1976) p. 15-17. 27
1915 9 10? 1916-1917 [3 ] ; ( ) 30 1917-1918 ; ( ) Mao s Road to Power vol 1 p. 102. Ibid. p. 113. Ibid. p. 118. Snow op. cit. p. 146. Mao s Road to Power vol. 1 p. 208. 28
Bernard ( ) Mandeville 1918-1919 1920 ( )? ( )? 8 ( 7 41 ) 9 71 Mao s Road to Power. vol. 1 p. 202. Ibid. p. 238. ( ) Ibid. p. 263-4. Ibid. p. 318. Ibid. p. 380. 29
Authority! ( ) 1920 20? [15 ]? ( ) ; ; ( ) Mao s Road to Power. vol. 1 p. 418. Short op. cit. p. 99. By contrast national self - determination by ethnic groups was included in the 1924 Manifesto of the Guomindang and Mao spoke in favor of it in the 1930s. Katherine Palmer Mao Zedong and the Sinification of ; China s Minority Policy Southeast Review of Asian Studies vol 17 1995. A personal anecdote ; When I was doing research on Mao at Berke2 ley in 1974 I mentioned Mao s bookstore to Ed Hammond China specialist and Berkeley revolutionary. He found it most amusing because the Berkeley radicals in the 1960s had discussed opening a leftist bookstore but ultimately they had dismissed the idea as too bourgeois. 30
(exploiters) 4 500 ; 75 % ; 1924 1 1920 11 1924 1 [17 ] ( ) 1925 [16 ] 1925 Mao s Road to Power vol 1 p. 600. Mao s Road to Power vol. 2 pp. 249-262. Manifesto of the First National Congress of the Kuomintang Milton J. T. Shieh ed. The Kuomintang Selected Historical Docu2 ments 1894-1969 (New York St. John s University Press 1970) pp. 75-86 here p. 82. Quoted in ibid. p. 159. 1923 Yuebei Peasants and Workers Association. Ibid. and Manifesto op. cit. p. 81. 31
1926 1927 ( ) 1927 1 5 1949??? 1927 1926 1926 9 8 ; ; 1926 Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan Mao s Road to Power vol. 2 pp. 429-464 also Mao Zedong Selected Works of Mao Tse - tung (Beijing Foreign Languages Press 1965) vol 1 pp. 23-59. Snow op. cit. p. 164. Womack Foundations op. cit. pp. 63-77. Mao s Road to Power vol. 2 p. 387. Selected Works op. cit. vol 1 pp. 23-24. 32
6 ( ) ( ) 1925-1927 ( Eric Hoffer) 1927 [18 ] 1912-1920 ( ) ; 1927 1957 [19 ] 1919 1927 1937-1942 - 33
1924 [6 ] Joseph Levenson.Liang Ch i - ch ao and the Mind of Modern China[ M ]. Berkeley University of California Press 1953 1959. [7 ] Liang Ch i - ch ao. Intellectual Trends in the Ch ing Period 1963-1966 tr. Immanuel C. Y. Hs [M]. Cambridge Harvard Universi2 ty Press 1959. [8 ] Brantly Womack. The Phases of Chinese Modernization[A ]. Steve Chin ed.. Modernization in China [ C]. Hong Kong Hong Kong University Press 1979. pp. 1-15. [9 ] Benjamin Schwartz. In Search of Wealth and Power Yen Fu and the West. Cambridge Harvard University Press 1964. [10 ] Wolfgang Bauer. China und die Hoffnung auf Gl ck [ M ]. Munich Hanser Verlag 1971. pp. 453-507. [ 11 ] Benjamin SchwartzChinese Communism and the Rise of Mao [M]. New York Harper 1967 ; first ed. Harvard Universi2 ty Press 1951. pp. 7-27. [12 ] [M]. 1959. 1957 [13 ] Edgar Snow. Red Star Over China [ M ]. New York Grove Press 1973 ; first ed. Random House 1938. Part 4. [14 ]. [M]. [1 ] Tang Tsou. Reflections on the Formation and Foundations of the Communist Party - State in China [ A ]. Tang Tsou. The Cultural Revolution and Post - Mao Reforms [ C ]. Chicago University of Chicago Press 1986. pp. 259-334. [2 ] Stuart Schram. From the Great Union of the Popular Masses to the Great Alliance [ J ]. China Quarterly 49 (January 1972) p. 88. [3 ] Brantly Womack. Mao before Maoism[J ]. China Journal no 46 (July 2001) pp. 95-118. [4 ] Thomas Kuhn. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions [ M ]. Chicago University of Chicago Press 1964. [5 ] William Ayers. Chang Chih - tung and Educational Reform in China[M]. Cambridge Harvard University Press 1971. 1988. [15 ] Brantly Womack. The Foundations of Mao Zedong s Political Thought[ M]. Honolulu University Press of Hawaii 1982. pp. 24-27. [16 ] Stuart Schram. Mao Tse - tung [ M ]. Baltimore Penguin Books 1966. p. 78. [17 ] Zhihong Chen. Die China - Mission Michael Borodins bis zum Tod Sun Yatsens[M]. M nster LIT Verlag 2000. pp. 157-160. [18 ] Eric Hoffer. The True Believer ; Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements[M]. New York Harper and Row 1951. [19 ] Brantly Womack. Where Mao Went Wrong Politics and Epistemology in Mao s Leftism [J ]. Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs (July 1986) pp. 24-40. The Upheld Banner The Development of Mao Zedong s Political Thought Observed fro m Report on the Pea sant Movement in Hunan Brantly WOMACK (Department of Politics University of Virgina U. S. A. ) Translated by DU Jing & Proofread by XIAO Yan - zhong (Department of Politics People s University of China Beijing 100872 China) Abstract The development of Mao Zedong s early political thought changed its pattern concretely and signifi2 cantly. From his first essay published at his age of 18 to Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan when he was 33 years old Mao Zedong changed much in his political thought and practice which went so further than his thought in the rest of his life. It is of help for us to interpret his structure of thought in this period so as to trace the origin of his later thought development. Key words Mao Zedong s political thought ; Mao Zedong Early thought ; political thought ( ) 34