11 Journal of Theater Studies 2013 1 61-88 臺 灣 戲 劇 與 現 代 主 義 : 馬 森 的 實 踐 前 言 Pirandello, 1867-1936 Six Characters in Search of an Author The Father 1 * 1965-1980 99-2410-H-002-197-MY3 1 Luigi Pirandello, Six Characters in Search of an Author, in The Compact Bedford Introduction to Drama, 2 nd edition, ed. Lee A. Jacobus (New York: Longman, 2001), p. 518. -61-
2 Nora Henrik Ibsen, 1828-1906 A Doll s House 1881-1936 3 1891-1962 1879-1942 4 George Bernard Shaw, 1856-1950 5 Fabianism 2 2006 99-133 3 1900s-1930s 2003 4 1900s-1930s 5 George Bernard Shaw, The Quintessence of lbsenism: Now Completed to the Death of Ibsen (London: Constable, 1913). -62-
Enemy of the People 一 理 論 的 旅 行 Edward Said, 1935-2003 6 7 Georg Lukács, 1885-1971 History and Class Consciousness 6 2009 344 7 345-349 -63-
8 349-350 9 351-353 10 355-356 11 356 12 359 13 359 14 359-360 15 358 8 9 Lucien Goldman, 1913-1970 Le Dieu caché 10 11 Raymond Williams, 1921-1988 12 13 totality 14 15 J. Hillis Miller -64-
16 17 18 19 The Lure of the Modern 16 1995 2 17 2 18 5 19 5-65-
modernism el modernismo 20 primitivism 21 22 deterritorialized cosmopolitanism 23 20 1917-1937 2007 2 Shu-mei Shih, The Lure of the Modern: Writing Modernism in Semicolonial China, 1917-1937 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001). 21 2-4 22 5 23 4-66-
24 25 26 27 二 現 代 主 義 與 臺 灣 劇 場 24 152 25 344 26 344-345 27 1917-1937 13 image -67-
modernity Bradbury, 1932-2000 Modernism 28 Matei Calinescu, 1934-2009 Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism 29 purity economy of expression unity temporality universality Wilhelm Richard Wagner, 1813-1883 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844-1900 Ezra Pound, 1885-1972 Antonin Artaud, 1896-1948 Stockholm Workers Commune August Strindberg, 1849-1912 Modernist movement 30 28 Malcolm Bradbury and James McFarlane eds., Modernism (New York: Penguin Books, 1976). 29 Matei Calinescu, Five Faces of Modernity (Durham: Duke University Press, 1987). 30 Raymond Williams, The Politics of Modernism (London: Verso, 1989), p. 50. -68-
31 Adolf Hitler, 1889-1945 Roger Griffin 32 Zygmunt Bauman 33 34 35 31 51 32 Roger Griffin, Modernity, Modernism, and Fascism (London: Macmillan, 2008). 33 Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (New York: Cornell University Press, 1989), p. 94. 34 121 35 1917-1937 -69-
formalism Ionesco, 1909-1994 Beckett, 1906-1989 Artaud Genet, 1910-1986 Pirandello Albee Pinter, 1930-2008 Richard Schechner Waiting for Godot 36 8 36-70-
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4 1965 12 271-272 37 4 1965 12 267 38 39 40 4 1965 12 268 41 269 42 270 43 270 44 268-71-
45 46 47 45 46 Lacoues Guicharnud 1 1965 1 1 47 1 1965 1 9-72-
三 馬 森 的 旅 行 1907-1975 48 49 50 simultaneous stage 51 52 48 7 2011 1 151-172 49 Where Do We Go from Here? Trends in Modern Chinese and Western Theatre 1980 50 2 1965 4 222-230 51 1976 177-187 52 2012 241-254 -73-
53 1967-1972 54 55 53 2010 1 54 2011 277-300 55 2011 27-74-
56 33 57 2003 173-184 58 37 59 37 60 56 57 58 59 60 Martin Esslin, 1918-2002 -75-
61 Bobby Watson Bobby Watson O Neill, 1888-1953 Miller, 1915-2005 Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Jerry Peter 61 Martin Esslin, The Theatre of Absurd (New York: Doubleday, 1961). -76-
62 character Miss Julie character souls 63 64 62 15 63 August Strindberg, Selection from Strindberg s Preface, Types of Drama: Texts and Contexts, 8 th edition, eds. Sylvan Barnet et al. (New York: Longman, 2001), p. 606. 64 15-77-
65 66 Erving Goffman, 1922-1982 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, 1959 role playing 67 65 19 66 19 67 2011 269-78-
68 68 181-79-
69 70 71 72 73 69 54-55 70 2011 116 71 167-168 72 104 73 105-80-
74 1854-1921 Hegel, 1770-1831 75 74 1917-1937 147-148 75 1956 5-81-
sentiment of self self consciousness bad faith Joseph Campbell, 1904-1987 -82-
A Hero with a Thousand Faces 76 結 語 = liminal state 76 1997-83-
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臺 灣 戲 劇 與 現 代 主 義 : 馬 森 的 實 踐 關 鍵 字 : 理 論 旅 行 現 代 主 義 臺 灣 現 代 戲 劇 馬 森 荒 謬 劇 場 -85-
Taiwan Modern Drama and Western Modernism: The Case of Ma Sen Wei-jan CHI Professor, Department of Drama and Theatre, National Taiwan University The paper discusses the relations of Taiwan modern drama to Western modernism, using Ma Sen s dramatic experiments as an example. Part one deals with important issues concerning, in Edward Said s term, traveling theory. Part two examines Taiwan s appropriation of Western modernism during the 1960s. Part three analyzes Ma Sen s plays to illustrate the complicated relations between the playwright and the Absurdist school. In his plays, Ma Sen employs the forms and conventions of the Theatre of the Absurd to deal with his tragic vision concerning identity crisis and the fate of China. In so doing, he performed a productive distortion of the borrowed form. Keywords: traveling theories Modernism Ma Sen Taiwan modern drama Absurdist theatre -86-
徵 引 書 目 Lacoues Guicharnud 1 1965 1 1-6 1917-1937 2007 1995 1997 2011 Where Do We Go from Here? Trends in Modern Chinese and Western Theatre 1980 2006 7 2011 1 151-172 2012 4 1965 12 271-272 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 4 1965 12 268-271 1900s-1930s 2003 2003 1956 4 1965 12 267-268 1 1965 1 9-10 -87-
2 1965 4 222-230 1976 2009 Bauman, Zygmunt. Modernity and the Holocaust. New York: Cornell University Press,1989. Bradbury, Malcolm and James McFarlane, ed. Modernism. New York: Penguin Books, 1976. Calinescu, Matei. Five Faces of Modernity. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987. Esslin, Martin. The Theatre of Absurd. New York: Doubleday, 1961. Griffin, Roger. Modernity, Modernism, and Fascism. London: Macmillan, 2008. Pirandello, Luigi. Six Characters in Search of an Author. In The Compact Bedford Introduction to Drama, 2 nd Edition. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. New York: Longman, 2001. Shaw, George Bernard. The Quintessence of lbsenism: Now Completed to the Death of Ibsen. London: Constable, 1913. Strindberg, August. Selection from Strindberg s Preface. Types of Drama: Texts and Contexts, 8 th Edition. Eds. Sylvan Barnet, et all. New York: Longman, 2001. Williams, Raymond. The Politics of Modernism. London: Verso, 1989. -88-