BIBLID 0254-4466(2003)21:1 pp. 335-365 21 1 92 6 * 335
336 21 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1963 8 2 1978 250-251 3 1 7 4 3 2 5 1997 163 6 1984 7 1975 70
337 8 9 10 11 12 13 8 1992 331 333 9 1998 298 10 2001 187 11 1980 49 1361 12 1996 665 13 97
338 21 1 14 15 14 1989 96 15 185 187
339 16 17 18 16 200 17 137 18 1980 321
340 21 1 19 20 21 19 1995 13-14 20 1979 70 2262 309 21 155
341 22 23 24 25 22 659 23 383 24 2000 176 25 31
342 21 1 26 27 28 29 36 1983 502 26 1975 155 27 28 1985 30 24 29 628
343 30 1 31 32 33 34 35 30 323 31 635 32 1977 420 33 48 75 34 1983 46 18 35 715-716
344 21 1 36 16 37 38 39 36 95-96 37 1979 38 1975 54 39 187 298
345 17 18 40 53 72 41 16 55 40 1975 12 41 1971 67
346 21 1 42 43 44 20 42 1994 284 43 581 592 632 632 606 607 44
347 25 33 19 45 34 45 12 2001.6 39-63
348 21 1 46 21 9 47 48 13 49 46 333 47 587 48 2 49 13 1988
349 50 5 5 51 52 53 30 7 50 313 619 51 1989 156 52 49 1359 53 693
350 21 1 60 17 18 54 55 54 1 55 1988 1
351 56 57 58 7 59 60 61 15 23 56 44 50 57 1978 25-34 58 1972 2 59 560 60 560 569 61 1979 10 307
352 21 1 1 62 2 62 70
353 63 64 65 63 49 1361 64 1993 776 65 44
354 21 1 66 67 68 2 2 31 66 1984 3 67 31 1 2 2001.3 101-133 68 1991 308-309
355 69 70 71 69 733 70 1981 71 71 151-152
356 21 1 72 5 73 82 74 75 76 72 199 73 334 74 1957 213 75 468 483 76 12
357 77 78 79 4 32 80 41 77 1361 78 333 79 6 4 1977.9 25 80 332 331 332 451 454 497 503 504
358 21 1 81 82 83 84 Arthur Schopenhauer 85 81 1986 36 82 7 83 3 84 1903 77 85 1973 126
359 86 36 87 58 88 79 28 86 1982 352 87 585-589 88 1982 849
360 21 1 89 90 91 92 1 89 1999 258 90 225 91 1999 66 92 89
361 93 94 95 96 97 93 441 94 49 1644 95 260-261 96 1975 66 97 1996 171-218
362 21 1 98 23 36 37 3 71 99 1 98 329 99 1992 141
363 100 44 101 36 102 103 104 100 50 51 101 9 292 102 349 103 189 104
364 21 1 The Dream of the Red Chamber and the Thought of the Iconoclastic Literati of the Wei and Jin Dynasties Yuh-Wen Kuo Abstract This paper compares the attitudes towards life of the iconoclastic literati of the Wei and Jin dynasties (namely Ruan Ji and Ji Kang ) and Cao Xueqin (or Jia Baoyu, his voice in The Dream of the Red Chamber ). In the first section, we discuss anti-confucianism and antimonarchism and how the iconoclastic literati of the Wei and Jin objected to empty ritualism and Confucianism being turned into a vehicle for slaughter in the hands of the ruling class (Ji Kang, for instance, placed himself above social strictures and followed nature while Ruan Ji proposed a kingless society). For his part, Cao expressed similar ideas in The Dream of the Red Chamber in making no distinction between high and low, superior and inferior. The next section looks at the great importance attached to sentiment by these literati. Ruan was well known for his expression of true love and deep affection, while Jia Baoyu breaks through the limits and controls on ethical relations to express his love for not only young maids but also all living things. Finally, we focus on a sense of mourning over the passage of time that is a fundamental theme of Ruan s yunghuai (expressing the feelings of the heart) poems and * Yuh-Wen Kuo is a professor in the Department of Chinese Literature at National Taiwan University.
365 attempts by the iconoclastic literati of the period to summon up the past and preserve memories in their writing in an effort to combat the passage of time and a coming death. We find similar themes and creative motifs in The Dream of the Red Chamber and note that Cao lets Baoyu live in the Daguan Garden because a retreat to such a garden is reminiscent of the ideal life-style of those iconoclastic literati. Keywords: The Dream of the Red Chamber, Wei and Jin dynasties, iconoclastic literati, Confucianism, nature