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373 Joking About Sex and the Body in Late Imperial China: An Analysis Based on the Jest Book Xiaolin Guangji Ko-wu Huang and Hsin-yi Lee Abstract Using the famous Qing jest book Xiaolin guangji (Extensive Gleanings from the Grove of Laughter, ca. 1790) edited by Youxi Zhuren (Master of Playfulness, a pen name), this paper explores the representation of the body and sexual desires in humorous literature in late imperial China. In theory, humor may escape or defy social norms; therefore, the body and sexual desires become important topics in jokes. This paper argues that jokes about the body, gender, and sexual behavior (including man-woman and man-man relations) in this book reveal an important aspect of people s mentality in Ming-Qing times. These dirty jokes made people laugh, but their laughter was mixed with sorrow, obsession, and the presumption that humor was the only tool with which to confront problems like incest and love affairs. Using wild imagination and the shock of sex, the creators of the dirty jokes challenged the established moral order and tested the boundaries of obscene behavior in the public and private sphere. To a certain extent, this phenomenon was similar to the subversive mode of carnival laughter identified by Mikhail Bakhtin. Yet the jokes in this book did not have such a strong revolutionary * Ko-wu Huang is an associate research fellow in the Institute of Modern History at Academia Sinica. Hsin-yi Lee is an assistant at the same institute.
374 19 2 character. Its representations of the body and sexual desires were by and large congruent with commonly accepted values placed on health, beauty, and normality in Confucian orthodoxy. They appear to have functioned as a safety valve which in the end only helped to maintain the status quo. Keywords: Xiaolin guangji, body, sexual desires, humor, Mikhail Bakhtin