untitled

(224) * GDP 2.45% 1.53% 1 1 1860 1860 1895 1895 *

(225) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4.

(226) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1980 137 1860 1990 1860 1997 1 1 1920 1920

(227) 1. (1) (2) (3) 1984 406 1905 33 1871 1871 1955

(228) 2 1881 1886 1888 32 1876 357 85 1890 31 200 1955 4 1898--1905 1 1242.5 1 1 1 1898-1908 408.5 2 1900-1901 21.2 3 1916-1935 98.7 4 1907-1941 62.9 5 1914-1926 175.9 6 1910-1922 71.9 7 1939 10.7 8 1919-1922 91.4 9 1921-1922 45.4 1969 2

(229) 1929 1927 2 1 1919-1921 12.9,, 1929 2 1919-1921 29.7, 1922,1927, 3 1921-1924 37.3 a. --,,, b. --, ; c. --,1926 1 104-105 1995 27 1942 3,010 1 1899--1944 393,338 65,442,064 164 67,263 7,180,592 1969 132-133 104 1874 200 265 214 214 1875 1995 23 1895 1968 116 1900

(230) 12.72 10.91 9.7 1969 23 1945 8 17170.53 3 ( ) 1 1895-1897 1919-1925 425 2 1916-1924 119.9 1936 3 1936 63 4 1933-1939 194.3 5 1927-1943 120 1943 6 1941 ( ) ( ) 10 1995 23-25 3 1938 8,207,474 53,644,809 1942 9,413,577 81,536,398 1969 57 14.7% 51.99% 1942 5,302,660 1,660,984 1969 57 1896 4 1,000 1958 33 1897 2,000 1,000 1958 33 1958 34 1911 11 14

(231) 6,000 1,500 42,666 10 1958 34 1897 1899 1899--1912 1913--1928 1929--1946 47,160,000 1944 43,103,000 1955 40 1904 1908 5 1912 10 1937 6 58,038,000 1908 1944 50,000,000 1955 40 4 4 1944 25 34 2,840,000 2,910,000 2,210,000 1,567,647 1,116 938 2,756 2,387 15 16 1 3 15 15 4,844 3,810 81755( 15 ) 40,687( 25 ) 13 15 5 5 2,848 1,764 2-1955 30-31,43

(232) 6 11 1958 128-129 1931 10 1935 10 1 1936 1 3 1938 1937 906 55,996 3,874 61,448 1939 1,263 162,699 7,570 74,028 1936 8 2 3 1937 6 1938 1937 3 1939 1940 1941 2. 1896 4 60,000 1955 19 1897 1987 35-36 Douglass 1899 125,000 1955 1900 60,000 1958 34 Douglass 1905 1987 35-36 5 1940

(233) 1,396,500 1955 37 5 5 1931 5 1940 ( ) 3 84 9,849 9,655 9,130 ( ) 3 84 9,205 8,154 9,315 1 19 9,486 6,893 ) 6 90 4,467 ( ) 4,865 4,004 4,163 4,467 2 24 4,865 4,466 1955 36

(234) 1. (1) (2) (3) (1) (a) (b) (2) (3) (4) 2. 1987 29 (1) (2) 2001 (1) (2) -- (a) =37.301 (b) =37.2413 (c) (d) =35.2308 (3) (a) 1853 (b) (c) (d)

(235) (e) 1994 4 (4) 1862 1884 1895 (1) 1 2 5 4 1.254 1254 1994 6 (2) 1 1739 1500 1739 800 1851 600 (3) 3. 1895--1897 1898--1904 1905--1909 1959 91 1995 504 1 2 3 4 5 1987 29 1895--1897 1959 92 1897 2001 155 1987 24

(236) 1903 1904 6 1905 1987 30 1906 4 12 1911 4 1987 30 1904 7 1 1994 13 1908 (1) (2) (3) 1911 4 1897 3 10 1 1906 1911 1931 4. 1906 6 5.56 6.74

(237) 5.70 5.85 6.06 6.10 6 ( ) ( ) 5.85 5.97 5.81 5.27 5.77 5.85 5.77 6.10 5.77 6.42 5.81 6.74 5.85 ( ) 5.85 6.06 6.23 5.85 5.27 5.70 5.85 5.56 5.70 5.97 5.70 5.77 5.85 5.70 6.42 5.70 5.85 6.42 1905 1895 10 1900 1901 1903 1906 4 1984 404 5. 1 1 1 1

(238) (1) (2) (3) 1. 1966 62 1984 17 (1) (2) (3) 2.

(239) (1) 1898--1904 (2) (a) 1910--1914 (b) 1915--1925 (3) 1915--1925 (4) 1925--1935 1904 378.3 557.9 1905 1905 1910--1914 752,993 31,201 1915--1925 11 717,835 319,274 398,541 267,228 1898 1910

(240) 1925 1935 160 1925 1984a 402 1094619 200072 77213 20 3. 1993 120 (1) 1895--1921 (2) 1922--1945 1899 1896 1922--1945 1922 1923 1 1 1924 1 1

(241) 1896 5 1898--1919 1919--1943 1996 165 1898 1919 1923 1930 30% 1993 129-130 39 1919 1943 6 60 6 27 6 200 56 19 1993 130 1920 7 1910 1920 7 1900 3363 2460 1910 7574 4839 1920 7258 8922 1930 11816 13142 1940 6583 12494 1949 400,428

(242) 1 2 1 1 3 1923 1983 1 1. 1870 1970a 29 40 49 (1) 48 60

(243) (2) 45 60 (3) 1870 1 1876 Maxwell 2 1882 3 1884 4 1885 5 1887 1 2 1887 1970a 68-69 1890 1890 10 1890 1890 20 1891 10 1970a 69-70 1892 3. 1970a 71 1 1895--1898 2 1898--1919 3 1919--1940 4 1940 4 1970a 71 1896 1970a 71 1897

(244) 1898 1898 1898 1898 1902 1907 1904 1910 1907 1909 1915 1914 1898--1919 (1) (2) 1900 1901 1912 1917 1920 1918 (3) 1899 (4) 1970a 71-72 1919 1922 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 1941 (1) 1941

(245) (2) 1943 1944 71.17% 1944 8 1944 8 1944 155-1493 5046 50599 55645 944 8322 5668 872507 19 876747 22 38 444 7230 7888 15172 22 22 398 4855 8396 13270 3 6 180 522 2364 2888 9 5 136 3504 960 4465 9 23 207 3180 2424 5628 8 10 152 2374 1893 4288 90 - - 15828 2234 18090 1 0 11 154 90 247 1 4 29 122 237 360 1 0 25 14 249 268 1 1 33 123 313 437 1 8 46 103 643 752 1 1 172 85 268 357 1970b 13,54,67,84,97,99,101,103,107,109,111,112,116 9 1917 13.1% 1927 29.7% 1939 1943 1943 9 (%) 1917 21.4 3.7 13.1 95.5 94.6 95.1 95.5 4.0 1927 44.3 13.8 29.7 98.5 98.4 98.5 94.4 4.7 1932 51.0 19.7 35.9 99.2 99.0 99.1 94.1 5.0 1939 67.2 38.1 53.2 99.5 99.5 99.5 93.7 5.5 1942 76.6 54.1 65.8 99.6 99.6 99.6 93.2 6.0 1946 1241-1242

(246) 1970b 8-9 17-18 1920 1922 1922 1895 154 4000 Barclay 1954 36 1895 1247 1972 191 1911 10% 1732 87% 1946 1271 1900 6% 1972 7 1865 James L. Maxwell M.D. 1989 10 1872 George Leslie Mackey 1888 Dr. Russell 1886 1972 2 1891

(247) 50--80% 1906 27.7 29.0 Ho 1978 99 1. 1896 150 93 1972 35 1898--1910 80 1941 291 1942 606 1897 1972 441 20 1899 1972 441 1919 1972 445 1935 1972 448 1935 10 1897-1899 - - 1899-1919 772 770 1919-1935 1096 682 1935-1945 679 303 1935-1945 266 131 2813 1886 1972 441-452 2813 2/3 1906 1 1942 2633 2.

(248) 2--3 36 12 1942 345 1895 1896 1898 1936 1,600,345 351,389 11 11 1936 ( ) ( ) 1895 39 383 9 426801 105086 1897 7 64 5 92936 17362 1895 7 86 5 85876 25384 1896 8 87 6 128243 19060 1895 13 187 6 167829 46449 1895 10 138 6 119750 28084 1895 15 195 7 239105 41466 1914 9 140 6 119699 28750 1910 7 92 5 78043 16159 1897 5 59 4 47268 8772 1909 9 68 5 77449 11939 1896 4 36 4 17346 2889 133 1535 1600345 351400 9 90-97 3. 1896 1907 1917 1902

(249) 1919 1919 6506 1920 1896 1920 1910 50%--80% 16% 1930 3000 DDT 1906 34 1912 25 1941 16 1906 27.7 29.0 1940 41.1 45.7 150 1940 125 260 650 1901--1942 31 117 155 12 12 (%) (%) 1905 1658014 65.31 74.57 1915 1828759 63.22 76.59 1920 1864558 63.45 75.15 1930 1897429 72.37 64.79 1940 2243520 71.69 63.53 1995 326,331 (%) 12 15 15 60% 40 60%

(250) Green Revolution 1960 1969 1922--1938 1938 1922 100 60%--70% 1752 17 1980 231 18 1860 100 70% 60% Ho 1978 57 1899 1903 1921 1.

(251) 1921 8 2 1921 177 1921 175--180 1921 177-180 2. 1922 1929 35 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 3. 1935

(252) 1920 1930 13 000 9 000 Ho 1978 64 32 1938 2 1926 1927 3 Affinity 2004 102 1899 2004 102 1920 1922 500 1930 135,226 1935

(253) 295,811 1944 413,257 66.73% 13 1925--1927 1929--1931 1935 1935 1.01--1.23 1.17--2.14 0.50 0.50 1935 1930 1930 14 13 1925-1926 4422.12 4874.56 1926-1927 4547.02 5034.09 1929-1930 4836.06 5440.50 1930-1931 4878364 5360.02 1927a,1927b,1928a,1928b,1931,1932 14 1925-1926 12.56 15.46 4.22 9.01 0.3359 0.5831 1926-1927 14.72 18.00 4.17 8.85 0.2836 0.4918 1929-1930 16.88 169.97 8.52 9.93 0.5048 0.5852 1930-1931 21.25 21.62 7.96 12.73 0.3746 0.5886 1935 15.53 15.33 9.56 10.70 0.6156 0.6980 1927a, 1927b, 1928a, 1928b, 1931, 1932, 1935

(254) 1935--1937 1910--1914 13.57 1920--1924 25.32 1930--1934 38.26 1935--1939 51.53 1924 53% 1938 68% 1949 586-589 1922--1925 57% 1931--1935 59% 1936--1940 69% 1941--1942 89% 1949 586-589 1930 15% 1906--1923 20% 1924 30% 1924--1932 30%--40% 1933--1939 40% 1934 1936 1937 1902 1900--1902 9,736 100,147 158,995 323,424 169,502 269,580 1942a 1903 484 305 108,629 1942 1906 15 1929 20% 1932 33% 1933 40% 1937 50% 1941 57% 1938 80% 100% 1939

(255) 15 / / / / / / 1929 0.6206 0.0785 0.0785 0.1999 0.8109 0.8109 1930 0.5883 0.0809 0.0809 0.2451 0.5925 0.5925 1931 0.5777 0.0995 0.0995 0.2552 0.8371 0.8371 1932 0.4948 0.0770 0.0770 0.3288 0.7510 0.7510 1933 0.4317 0.0550 0.0550 0.4097 0.8401 0.8409 1934 0.3847 0.1005 0.1006 0.4716 0.8964 0.8975 1935 0.3526 0.0491 0.0491 0.4929 0.7900 0.7902 1936 0.3663 0.0315 0.0315 0.4854 0.7828 0.7828 1937 0.3834 0.0487 0.0487 0.5180 0.7847 0.7848 1938 0.3677 0.0361 0.0414 0.5375 0.7687 0.7795 1939 0.3626 0.0519 0.0523 0.5241 0.6158 0.6335 1940 0.3763 0.0801 0.0807 0.5449 0.4520 0.4739 1941 0.3686 0.0906 0.0913 0.5684 0.3157 0.3221 1942a 1995 200 2006 26-30 1902 15% 20

(256) 1939 50% 1868 1868 19 1860 1860 1979 640 1977 1979 640-641 1870 18 20 Myers 1972 387 廍 廍

(257) 1978 4 1866 John Dodd 1868 1881 197 33 1983 6 1850 1978 28 1880 1889 1890 Ho 1978 21 1880 5 5 1915 1,323 1940 8,940 1915 642 1936 6,150 1915 48.53% 1936 78% 1918 17,078 1940 234,574 13 1915 28,548 1940 126,005 4.76 1918 17.83 1940 14.09 7.61 26.24 0.43 1.86

(258) 1915 1920 1930 1940 1914 16 16 1915 89,844 3/4 1/4 1940 43,616 1/4 1930 1940 3/4 1/3 1940 3 16 1915 119,142 29,298 24.6 89,844 75.4 1920 130,825 51,521 39.4 79,304 60.6 1930A 124,712 60,979 48.9 63,733 51.1 1930B 121,627 60,979 50.1 60,648 49.9 1940 172,121 128,505 74.7 43,616 25.3 Ho 1978 79 1915 1920 1930A 1930B 1940 V GDP 1986 V 1902--1942 6.73% GDP 1910--1942 3.89% 2009 1930 1996 258 1912 58%

(259) 1917 74% 1939 50% 1996 270 1939 1902/05 1931/35 1949 1939 50% 60% 70% 1940 1996 270 廍 1900 廍 廍 廍 1907--08 7 26.24% 廍 54.03% 1912--13 26 88.17% 1984 1926--27 10.34% 廍 7.6% 97 74--86 20% 1906--1907 95% 1930--1931 97% 1995 225-226 1929 76.46% 21.89% 17 17 1929 % ( ) (%) (%) (%) 287,939,000 78.40 19.81 1.79 16,567,000 67.97 32.03 0 7,941,000 23.59 76.42 0 312,447,000 76.46 21.89 1.65 1984 440

(260) 1937 2.45% 18 1910-1914 1915-1919 5.11% 1920-1924 -1.44% 1935-1939 0.03% 1901--1922 1.58% 1922--1940 1.24% 1901--1940 1.53% 2006 1920-1924 100 1935-1939 146 46% 66% 100 109 104 75 18 GDP ( ) level( ) (%) (%) 1910-1914 127.23 78 - - 1915-1919 159.75 25.56 5.11 89 - - 1920-1924 150.63-5.71-1.44 100 100 100 1925-1929 175.72 16.66 3.33 121 137 109 1930-1934 204.74 16.51 3.30 134 160 104 1935-1939 205.06 0.16 0.03 146 166 75 1910/14-1935/39 61.17 2.45 1991 1937

(261) Griffin and Gurley 1985 gross measure 2000 27-28 2000 1908 1910 1887 1889 2.62 2.48 1. 2. 3. 1918 19

(262) 19 1918-1921 58.86 58.29 1931-1934 49.55 47.82 (%) 1936-1937 43.29 43.14 1941-1942 45.04 44.50 48.69 48.44 1931-1934 -12.86-17.96 1936-1937 -12.63-9.79 (%) 1941-1942 4.04 3.15 1931-1934 -0.99-1.38 1936-1937 -3.16-2.45 (%) 1941-1942 0.81 0.63 1923 1934 1936 1938b 1941 1918 1942 40% 1940 1930 1918-- 1921 56.86% 1931--1934 49.55% 1936--1937 43.29% 1910 1930 13 7 13% 1930 4--5 13 1940 1936--1937 1941--1942 43.29% 45.04% 5 4.04% 1918--1921 1931--1934 1920 1931--1934 1936--1937 1930 1930 1930 1920 1920 1.38% 1930 2.45% 1970 1961--1968 52.73% 1960 48.69%

(263) 20 ( ) 3,600 750-760 20-30 80-83 8/10 2/10 0.25-0.3 1.1-1.3 10-22 3,000 65-80 70-80r 2/3 1/3 1 1.2-1.5 10-22 2,500 480 30 80 95/100 5/100 0.45 1.2 20 1985 282 21 1918--1937 1932 1937 1918--1933 511.36 587.99 354.14 353.05 30%--40% 0.2202 0.1370 1937 1918--1921 0.2347 1931--1932 0.06 0.07 561.44 645.56 234.15 233.44 50% 129.35 129.98 45% 21 1918/21--1931/34 1918/21--1931/34 1931/34--1936/37 1918/21--1931/34 18% 1918/21-1936/37 14% 1937

(264) 1918/21--1936/37 14% 21 GDP 1918-1921 91 511.36 587.99 0.2202 1918-1921 67 561.44 645.56 0.2347 1918-1921 24 371.55 427.22 0.1800 1931-1933 74 354.14 353.05 0.1370 1931-1932 47 234.15 233.44 0.0600 1931-1933 27 562.99 561.26 0.2710 1936--1937 22 129.35 129.98 0.0700 1923 1934a 1936 1938a 1991 Yeh 1991 1918--1921 68 25 1931--1933 50 28 1918-1921 Outlier 1931-1933 3 1 Outlier Outlier 1986 1976 15.7% 1976 16.8% 22 64% 39% 19% 23% 1901--1905 1906--1910 78% 60% 1931--1935 92% 1936--1940 87% 20 10

(265) 22 % 1896-1900 63.57 18.57 17.86 39.13 23.44 37.43 1901-1905 33.13 46.26 20.61 25.28 47.73 26.99 1906-1910 9.98 71.53 18.49 14.61 59.79 25.60 1911-1915 6.18 77.82 16.00 13.21 70.87 15.92 1916-1920 8.85 76.80 14.35 16.36 68.77 14.87 1921-1925 7.66 83.10 9.24 18.22 67.62 14.16 1926-1930 8.12 85.40 6.48 15.09 68.41 16.50 1931-1935 3.79 91.50 4.71 12.08 81.20 6.72 1936-1940 8.08 88.93 2.99 9.25 86.98 3.77 1936 1938-1941 23 1905 0.90 0.83 23 1905-1940 1909-1919 1933-1940 0.94 0.91 0.91 0.83 0.89 0.92 0.95 0.92 0.91 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.94 0.91 0.92 Yeh 1991 220 24 1905 1905 1931--1940 0.98

(266) 1930 24 γ 12 γ 24 γ 34 γ 4J 1905-1940 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.91 1905-1922 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.89 1923-1940 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.89 1931-1940 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.98 1 2 3 4 J Yeh 1991 219

(267) 1 1 1991 1969 164-167 1911 4 1995 1910 6 1931 12 13 12 17

(268) 1990 77-111 1972 1901 1923 1 23 2 2 2 16 12 16 66 48 60 1924 7 25 8 4 8 8 1988 88-102 1944 188 10383 86.35% 7 4 3 1874 2500 550 1972 191 1961 2433 1958 1921 1927 p.2--3 1922-- 1945 1946 1860

(269) 1997 71,752,142 83.04% 16.96% 1952 38-39 廍 廍 廍 廍 廍 1957 1957 1962 99-100 1946 763,767,770,771 production value value-added 1991 1986 1902 1942 1910 1910 25,000 1949 27-28 1984 1911--1940 1.91% 1994 482-483 Phlips 1974 1984b

(270) 2001 1918/21--1936/37 21 1918/21 1931/34 1936/37 1. 1969 2. 1966 3. 1993 43 2 119-150 4. --------- 1996 -- 129-171 5. 1959 91-144 6. 1987 7. 1972 8. 1972 9. 1972 10. 1990 11. 1991 1910 1959 19 2 127-175 12. 1980 13. 1978 14. --------- 1997 1860--1895 15. 1990 16. 1991 17. 1994 18. 2001 19. 1995 20. 1955 21. 1988 22. 1979 23. 1736 1957 24. 1949 24-43 25. 1958 128-133

(271) 26. 1958 32-43 27. 1986 14 105-131 28. -------- 2001 29 4 411-456 29. 1970 -- 21 4 1-24 30. -------- 1984a 395-502 31. -------- 1984b 395-502 32. 1968 19 1 115-132 33. 1994 22 4 477-503 34. --------- 1996 1912--1990 24 2 227--274 35. --------- 2006 15-59 36. -------- 2009 37. -------- 1995 199-310 38. -------- 2004 32 1 97-141 39. 1958 40. 1977 41. 1983 1860--1895 33 4 1-24 42. 1995 23 3 317-355 43. 1989 44. 2000 1854--1910 28 1 25-42 45. 1983 46. 1962 7 47. --------- 1969 48. -------- 1970a 49. -------- 1970b 50. -------- 1972 51. 1946 52. 1952 53. 1949 69-113

(272) 1. 1929 276 28-40 2. 1927 3. --------- 1938 4. 1927 5. 1905 6. 1936 7. --------- 1938--1941 8. 1921 9. --------- 1923 -- 10. --------- 1927a 11. --------- 1927b 12. --------- 1928a 13. --------- 1928b 14. --------- 1928c 15. --------- 1930 16. --------- 1931 17. --------- 1932 18. -------- 1934a 19. -------- 1934b 20. 1935 21. -------- 1936 22. -------- 1938a 23. -------- 1938b 24. --------- 1942a 25. --------- 1942b 26. --------- 1943 27. 1942

(273) 1. Barclay, G. W. 1954, Colonial Development and Population in Taiwan, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2. Griffin, K. and J. Gurley 1985, Radical Analysis of Imperialism, The Third World, and the Transition to Socialism: A Survye Article, Journal of Economic Literature 23, PP.1089--1143. 3. Ho, S. 1978 Economic Development of Taiwan, 1860-1970, New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 4. Lee, T. H. and Y. E. Chen 1975, Growth Rates of Taiwan Agriculture, Taipei: Chinese-American Joint Commission of Rural Reconstruction. 5. Myers, R. H. 1972, `Taiwan under Ching Imperial Rule, 1684-1895: The Traditional Economy, Journal of the Institute of Chinese Studies of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 5, PP.373--409. 6. Phlips, L. 1974 Applied Consumption Analysis, Amsterdam. Oxford: North--Holland Publishing Company, ch.4. 7. Yeh, S. J. 1991 Economic Growth and the Farm Economy in Colonial Taiwan, 1895-1945, Ph. D. Dissertation, Univ. of Pittsburgh. 8. 1997 Maritime Customs Annual Returns and Reports of Taiwan, 1867-- 1895