251276 ( ) * ( 92 9 29 92 12 5 ) 45 (1) (2) (3) (4) *
252 A Case Study about Development of Children s Private Speech Jung-Tzeng Gau* Abstract In this study, Based on Piaget s and Vygotsky s theory about functions of children s private speech to explore the meaning of children s private speech. For the study, one child age 3 was observed via natural setting in 45 days. Finding indicated that children s private speech (1) is for the pleasure of oral and emotion.(2)is the memory of children s daily life.(3)is to self- direct children s activities.(4)is to facilitate children s cognitive development. Key words: egocentric speech, private speech, Vygotsky, Piaget *Jung-Tzeng Gau: Head of Academic affairs office Den-Fa Elementary School, Kaohsiung County
253 ( ) (Rosser, 1994) (Rosser, 1994) Zivin ( 1979) (Vygotsky paradigm) ( public speech) ( private speech ) ( Bodrova and Leng, 1996) ( audible) ( Bodrova and Leng, 1996) ( egocentric speech)
254 (autism) ( Kozulin, 1996; Piaget, 1959)Vygotsky (verbal thinking) (inner speech)vygotsky (transition) (Bodrova and Leng, 1996; Wertsch and Tulviste, 1996) Piaget Vygotsky Piaget (egocentric speech)piaget 1926 The Language and Thought of the Child (Piaget, 1959) Piaget
255 (his hearer) (Newman and Holzman, 1993 ; Piaget, 1959) Piaget (Piaget, 1959) 1. (repetition) 2. (monologue) Piaget 3. (dual or collective monologue) Piaget ( Piaget, 1959 ) Piaget
256 (Bodrova and Leng, 1996; Piaget, 1959)Piaget Piaget Piaget Piaget Vygotsky Vygotsky ( 1997)Vygotsky Vygotsky (image) ( 1998 1997) Vicki(1952) Kellong and kellong(1933) (Siegler, 1986)Premack(1976) (plastic chips) (Siegler, 1986)
257 Vygotsky ( 1998) (preintellectual) (prelinguistic) (M.Stern) ( 1998 88) Vygotsky Vygotsky ( 1994)Vygotsky
258 (Bodrova and Leng, 1996) Vygotsky(1986) (1) (the natural or preintellectual)(2) (naïve psychology)(3) (egocentric speech) (4) (ingrowth) (Emerson, 1996) Vygotsky (Minick, 1996) Vygotsky Vygotsky U 2 4 4 3 7 ( 1998) Piaget Vygotsky Piaget Vygotsky Piaget ( 1988)
259 ( 1988 1988) Vygotsky Vygotsky(1978) Vygotsky (Kozullin, 1996) Piaget Vygotsky Vygotsky Piaget Piaget Vygotsky Piaget ( 1988) Piaget
260 Vygotsky Piaget ( 1998) Vygotsky Vygotsky Piaget Piaget (Bodrova and Leng, 1996) Vygotsky ( 1994) Vygotsky Vygotsky Tchernigova(1995) 10 Schimmoeller(1999) Vygotsky
261 Duncan(1991) 32 BehrendRosengren & Perlmutter(1989) 2-5 ( ) 21.9 25.9 30.6 Vygotsky U Kirby(1997) 2-5 Vygotsky U WinslerDiaz & Montero(1997) Vygotsky
262 ( ) YOYOTV (utterance) (on task)
263 我 有 一 隻 小 毛 驢, 我 從 來 也 不 騎, 把 水 倒 出 來, 洗 一 洗 就 好 了 做 一 個 Hello Kitty, 再 做 一 隻 鍋 牛,@#*&%#@#*&%#, 把 他 們 切! 切! 切! 兩 隻 粉 紅 色 的 筆, 有 兩 隻 一 樣 的, 喔 喔! 太 多 了 這 個 是 圓 形 的 這 個 三 角 形 這 個 在 這 邊 飛 喔! 飛 喔! 好 高! 我 會 做 飛 機, 造 飛 機! 造 飛 機! 來 到 青 草 地, 你 們 不 可 以 這 樣, 一 個 人 都 沒 有 你 要 住 在 哪 裡? 你 要 住 在 台 北, 好! 沒 關 係
264 OK KTV Vygotsky (abbreviated) (condensed) (Bodrova and Leng,1996)
265 10 20
266 Row Row Row your boat, Merrily Merrily Merrily @#*&%#@#*&%# ( 6.7) @#*&%#@#*&%#. ByeBye ( 6.15) bus @#*&%#@#*&%# bus @#*&%#@#*&%# ( 6.30)
267
268
269 1. ( 92.6.2) ( 92.6.5) 2.
270
271
272 Piaget Vygotsky Vygotsky
273 (mediator)
274 (1988) Gredler, M, E. (1994) Vygotsky L. S (1998) Vygotsky L. S (1997) Bodrova, E. Leong, D. J. (1996). Tools of the mindthe Vygotskian approach to early children education. N.J.Merrill. Duncan, R. M. (1991). An examination of Vygotsky s theory of private speech. ERIC Reproduction Service No.ED335126 Emerson, C. (1996). The outer word and inner speech : Bakhtin, Vygotsky, and the internalization of language. In Danies,H.(eds) An introduction to Vygotsky. London: Routledge. Kirby, K. M. (1997). The development of private speech among two-to five-year-olds in the naturalistic preschool setting. ERIC Reproduction Service No. 420360 Kozulin, A. (1996). The concept of activity in Soviet psychology-vygotsky, his disciples and critics. In Danies, H. (eds) An introduction to Vygotsky. London: Routledge. Minick, N. (1996). The development of Vygotsky s thought : an introduction to Thinking and Speech. In Danies,H.(eds) An introduction to Vygotsky. London: Routledge. Newman, F. and Holzman, L. (1993). Lev Vygotsky: Revolutionary scientist. London: Routledge. Piaget, J. (1959). The language and thought of the child. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul.
275 Rosser, R. (1994). Cognitive development: Psychological and biological perspectives. London: Allyn and Bacon Schimmoeller, M. A. (1999). The influence of private speech on writing development : A Vygotskian perspective. ERIC Reproduction Service No. 431326) Siegler, R. (1986). Children s thinking. Englewood:Prentice-Hall. Tchernigova, S. (1995). Puzzling boys and girls(gender differences in problem-solving in preschoolers through puzzles ) ERIC Reproduction Service No. 396845) Winsler, A., Diaz, R. & Montero, I.(1997). The role of private speech in the transition from collaborative to independent task performance in young children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly.12(1)59-79. Wertsch, J. V. and Tulviste, P. (1996). L.S.Vygotsky and contemporary developmental psychology. In Danies,H.(eds) An introduction to Vygotsky. London: Routledge.