楊士奇 弘光科技大學文化創意產業系 摘 要 original position the Non-Identity Problem 關鍵詞 : 未來世代, 人格不同一問題, 權利, 原初位置 105
壹 前言 1 Richard T. De George 1 A7,2013 5 21 2 http://www.ettoday.net/news/20130314/174702.htm 106 2
George, 1981, p.160 Ruth Macklin unidentifiable Macklin, 1981, p.152 107
3 108 John Rawls Original Position Derek Parfit The Non-Identity Problem A Theory of Justice the veil of ignorance 3 personal identity 1999 109-34
貳 未來世代之人格不同一問題 personal identity Derek Parfit 109
Parfit, 1985, pp.358-360 The Non-Identity Problem 110
4 4 teenage pregnancies Parfit, 1985, pp.364-66. 111
參 帕菲特的解決之道 ;Q 原則及其評估 A B M B A M A B B B A N A B M N Parfit, 1985, p.69 112
the No-Difference View Parfit, 1985, p.367 Q Q Parfit, 1985, p. 360 Q Q Q V Q V Parfit, 1985, p.370 Q 113
Q V Q Q V Q Q Q 5 114 Q 5 Allen Buchanan, Dan W. Brock, Norman Daniels, and Daniel Wikler, From Chance to Choice(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p.244.
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q James Woodward Viktor Frankl Man s Search 115
for Meaning Woodward, 1986, pp.809-10 Woodward, 1986, pp.810-11 A N B A N B A B N B A A A B B A 116
Q B A N A N A N Q V Mulgan, 2006, p.9 Q V 117
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q non-personal affecting 118
肆 重返原初位置 : 瑞曼論人的屬性與獨特性 Tim Mulgan The Basic Wrongness Intuition Mulgan, 2006, p.5 Mulgan, 2006, p.5 Mulgan, 2006, p.5 119
Jeffrey Reiman John Rawls Original Position Q Q Q bargaining advantages the veil of 120
ignorance fairness 252 Reiman, 2007, p.69 121
Reiman, 2007, p.82 properties particular 122
Reiman, 2007, p.84 Reiman, 2007, p.84 the morally relevant interests of future people 123
伍 結論 124
參考文獻 1999 109-34 2007 6 Buchanan, Allen., Brock, Dan., Daniels, Norman. and Wikler, Daniel. From Chance to Choice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. George, Richard. The Environment, Rights, and Future Generations, in Ernest Partridge(ed.), Responsibilities To Future Generations. N. Y.: Prometheus Books, 1981. Macklin, Ruth. Can Future Generations Correctly Be Said to Have Rights? in Ernest Partridge(ed.), Responsibilities To Future Generations. N. Y.: Prometheus Books, 1981. Mulgan, Tim. Future People: A Moderate Consequentialist Account of our Obligations to Future Generaitons. Clarendon Press, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Parfit, Derek. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971 revised edition, 1999.. Political Liberalism. N. Y.: Columbia University Press, 2005.. The Law of Peoples. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.. Collected Papers. Freeman, Samuel (ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999.. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001. Reiman, Jeffrey. Being Fair to Future People: The Non-Identity Problem in the Original Position, Philosophy & Public affairs 35, no.1 Smolkin, Doran. Toward A Rights-Based Solution to the non-identity 125
Problem, in Journal of Social Philosophy, Vol.30, No.1, Spring 1999. Woodward, James. The Non-Identity Problem, in Ethics 96 (1986), pp.809-11. 126
Rights of Future Generations: An Extension of Original Position Abstract This article aims to explore those rights of future generations from the original position - John Rawls s theoretical setting of the theory of justice. Although future people have the Non-Identity Problem, they still have the morally relevant interests and moral rights no matter who they are. In thinking of original position, future generations and contemporary people have the same morally relevant interests and moral rights, no matter if they exist currently or not. Key words: Future Generations, the Non-Identity Problem, Rights, Original Position 127