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4 A Comparison and Analysis of Sheltered Workshop Policies in Sweden, Germany, and the United States Yi - Chun Chou (Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Soochow University) Hsiu - Mei Chuang (Professor, Department of Social Work, Soochow University) Abstract This article examined disability policies and sheltered workshop policies for people with disabilities and their relationship with the different welfare state regimes. Sheltered workshops for people with disabilities have been considered typical social settings of disability discrimination. The individualized treatment, social isolation, and low-wage characteristics of sheltered workshops are distinct from the deinstitutionalization and social inclusion components of social models. However, numerous studies have reported that the antidiscrimination legislation and barrier-free social environments in social models are not applicable to all types of disability. Although sheltered workshops remain essential employment promotion mechanisms for people with disabilities, the current definitions and presentations of disability discrimination in diverse welfare state regimes are inconsistent. Sheltered workshops are considered discriminatory settings in the United States; however, they are regarded as flexible active employment mechanisms in the social democratic policies in Sweden, which are based on welfare to work policies, and as active vocational rehabilitation measures in conservative corporatism in Germany. Therefore, sheltered workshops are different and have diverse relationships with construction of welfare state. This indicates that although no single, rigid definition or presentation of evaluation of sheltered workshops exists, it varies with the sociocultural values and social resource allocation principles in places the people with disabilities live. Keywords: sheltered workshops, people with disabilities, welfare state regime 74 14
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