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3 4 / 4 NGO GreenSOS Transnational Institute TNI Satoko Kishimoto 2008 10

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10 2007 http://bbs.ifeng.com 11 3 12 2007 6 http://wangjun1.blshe.com/post/1860/816 13 2006 3 http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/hjwj/1164436.htm 14 31 18 200 10 http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/20010/08/t2001008_4877093.shtml 1 2006 1273 2007 1 http://finance.jrj.com.cn/news/2007-01-07/000001902161.html 16 3 17 6220 2008 7 http://news.hexun.com/2008-07-14/10741693.html 18 100 200 6 7 http://news.tom.com/1002/2000607-2199338.html 19 2007 2 27 http://www.gscn.com.cn/get/mtjj/072271626479318_34.html 20 2007 10 1 http://www.cnwaternews.com/zhuanti/20071011/zhuanti20071011.htm 21, 2007 7 20 22 2008 7 http://www.gezhi.sh.cn/greenschool/jiaoxuehuodong/shui/guoliangchaocaidxs.htm 23 2008 4 http://www.iwatertech.com/resources/expert-review/6372/

196 19 1879 1883 20 70 1949 6,89 72 900 0.16% 1 2 1949 10 4 467 6,382 7.66% 1978 3 4 194 16 3 20 60 20 80 90 6

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2 1994.07 2000.11 2003.09 2000 1992.11 1998.09 2004.01 2004.04 1993.08 1999.02 200.06 2006.12 1993 1996.10 2000.0 1993.07 2003.01 1988.12 1996.02 10

2 1988.12 1996.02 1982 1987 1984.11 1997.12 2002.08 1 0 2002 2 2006 3 2006 1 http://www.shuigong.com/papers/allto/20060108/paper1223.shtml 4 1 2 2 6 3 7 2 8 2007 http://www.lunwentianxia.com/product.free.620744.1/ 9 Balanya, B. and Brennan, B (Eds.) (200), Reclaiming Public Water: Achievements, Struggles and Visions from around the World; Amsterdam: Transnational Institute (TNI) & Corporate Europe Observatory (CEO) 10 Wang, A. 2007 7 http://www.cnjlc.com/h2o//200707087638.html 11 2006 http://www.sccin.com.cn/mainweb/policy/policy.aspx?id=2712 12 2008 13 http://www.h2o-china.com/download/datum/shuijiafenxi.pdf 14 11 1 3000 2008 9 http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/b/2008090/2246278209.shtml 16 http://www.swj.dl.gov.cn/ http://www.bjwater.gov.cn/ http://www.szwrb.gov.cn/ 17 http://www.riel.whu.edu.cn/show.asp?id=4202 11

1. 19 Private Sector Participation 19 19 20 70 80 20 80 : 20 80-90 1 1992 World Bank concession (management contract) service contract - - () Public-Private Partnership Asian Development Bank 12

2006 4 accessible acceptable affordable physically 6 2 10 2 2001 400 3 20 80 90 OECD 7 90, 13

8 8 3,800 11 PPTA Project/Program Preparatory Technical Assistance PPTA 12 2006-2008 / 9 full cost recovery 1998 9 10 1997 B - Generale des Eaux-Marubeni 4,800 70% 19% 10 1968-197 7,400 13 1992-1999 8.7 200 2002-2003 8% 14 20 21 61.% 1 60% 2010 70% 2006 3 / 14

1 18 %-10% 2003 2000 2000 1 16 2010 3,000 2001 12 1949 70 17 2002 3 2002 9 2002 10 199 1 16 199 21 2002 12 1996 B 2003 2004 2003 2004 7 1

200 2-30 2003 2004-200 200 19 7 / 1 1992 90 1997 TOT BOOT 16

20 19% 1997 43 12 1 10 6 2001 2000 2002 9 43 2004 2002 43.7 2003 12 2002 2007 14 17

1997 10 24 2 20 30 0% 20 2007 1 348.7% 4% 3 206.4% 0% 2007 8 10% 49% 211% 49% 21 1. -3. 2007 2 0.2 30 4 2 1997 1/3 2007 0.68 3.40 10 30 0 22 30 20-2004 24.8% 600 700 2010 1,00 2,000 1% 12% 23 10 26 18

1 public-private-partnership NGO 27 NGO NGO 28 3 29 2 4 2002 12 27 / 19

/ Veolia Water 183 82,000 2007 109 2002 80 ( ) 20 47 Sino French Water 1 20 2007 8 8.9 34 20 9,000 10 2002 20 0% 2007 1 17.1 4% 3 9. 0% 2007 21.8 49% 3 2007 7 Suez S. A. 188 2008 Suez Environment 62,000 2007 20 20 90 49% 1.8 2007 2007 2008 4 (Golden State Environment Group Corporation (Golden State Holding Group Corporation 1,000 300 20 2000 1988 20

4.8 2001 Beijing Capital Co., Ltd 2007 0% 18.9 A 2004 BOOT 2008 8 Thames Water RWE 2006 Kemble Water 2006 46 12, 000 2007 72 1996 ( ) 2004 1999 2000 2001 200 83.73 8 4.97 4. 2007 78% 16 2001 10 ( ) 2002 1.2 60% 2003 6 2003 12 43.7 2004 20 2007 100 Sound Group Berlin Water International 2000 182 Berlin Water Group 12 2,20 2006 6.2 10 2002 9 4 2003 9 2004 18 TOT( ) 1993 30 2007, 0, 4 4,000 10% 2000 2003,, 2004 3.2 200 1.8 21

China Water Investment Tianjin Capital Environmental Protection 2000 Co., Ltd. 2004 4 44% 8 8,000 6% 2007 8.9.89 2 ( 2. ) 2006 8,81 2007 2007 11 330 60 6 2007 6.43 3.38 2 TOT 8 2006 2009 30 9 2007 1, 2007 12 2 Navhind Satyendra Pratap Singh 200 3 Hall, D. and E. Lobina (200): The relative efficiency of public and private sector water. London: Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU). Available at PSIRU website: <http://www.psiru.org> 4 Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (2007): Defending the Right to Water, Crisis and Hope. Corral,V. (2008): Manila Water s Expansion Projects in the Philippines and Asia ; Website: http://www.waterjustice.org 6 Cann,V. (2008): water company fails in $20 million compensation claim from Tanzanian government ; website: http://www.waterjustice.org 7 Lijin Zhong, Arthur P. J. Mol, and Tao Fu (2008): Public-Private Partnerships in China s Urban Water Sector, Environmental Management, June, 41 (6): 863-877. 8 : 2004 2 9 2008 8 19 10 7 11 2006 8 22 http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2006-08/22/content_4992013.htm 12 Grusky, S. (2001): Privatization tidal wave: IMF/Bank water policies and the price paid by the poor, Multinational Monitor, 22. 13 Jubilee South-Asia Pacific Movement on Debt and Development (200): Water Privatization in the Asia Pacific Region, published by Indian Social Action Forum 14 : www.adb.org 22

1 9 16 11 17 3000 2007 11 6 http://info.water.hc360.com/2007/11/06084693668.shtml 18 2003 10 14 19 : 2006 20 http://www.jrj.com.cn/newsread/detail.asp?newsid=69741 21 2007 10 1 http://www.cnwaternews.com/zhuanti/20071011/zhuanti20071011.htm 22 23 2007 12 12 http://www.jrj.com 24 22 2 22 26 2008 2 http://finance.people.com.cn/gb/104/6893610.html 27 Water Policy of Asian Development Bank, www.adb.org/water 28 9 29 2008 8 1 23

00 2 / 7 / 76% 1 000 1,300 2010 % 40 7 2004 1 1980 194 / / 2003 316 / / 2.2% 2000 67% 2003 2 6% 170 6 8% 24

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10% 70% 4.3 200% 17 22% 8% 14% 6% 17 10 31

Veolia Water ( ) 2007 1 17.1 349% 4% 2007 9% 2009 24% 11 100 1999 2006 2006 6 NGO 2,00 13 14 NPO (http://www1.h2o-china.com) 2000 12 E 1 32

16 3 1. 21 -- 2. 33

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- B 1997 9 B 33 1 B 7 8 464.4 3,000 B B 27 1946 B 1997 18 B 1998 - Generale des Eaux- Marubeni B 18 1 80 / 40 / 27 2 1.076 30% 3,200 60% 40% 70% 4,800 38

1 2,60 2 2,10 Complementary Financing Scheme ) European Investment Bank 2. 1. 1999 18 40 / 2002 2007 3-2002 2007 80% 2000 1 / 07 2.1 / 2007 36 33 12 1 1.27 3% 7% B 31% 32-3 B B 90-2003 98 40 4 480 B 246 1, - 40 / / 40 1. - 39

6 B 4. 2.8 17.1 1-2 2. 30 4% 1631.6 3 289 329.6 2.74 4 7 138 06 160 93% 8 19 200 2007 2007 1 ( ) 2007 170,643 11 74,696 2,913 1,464 4,422 6,042 2,222 4 138 620 200 2,320 9 1,000 10 2006 9 ( ) 4% 30 ( ) 2007 1 17.1 2006 11 0 1. 7 2.7 17.1 12 40

13 GDP 2007 14 17.4 3 30 1,19 26.43 2003 11 ( ) 30 4280 60% 40% 30 1 200 1 1 60% 40% 7. 2007 7 14 21 41

2007 7 18 2008 2007 8 1 1 1.2 7 20 10 19 1 8 7 7 14 10 2007 14 7 13 1 9 8 2006 19 8 2008 2007 10 29 42

GTZ 1% 0.8 / 2007 7 2.8 1 Aguas del Tunari 2000 4 1 21 17 Aguas del Tunari 2000 4 11 3 21 20 Cochabamba 20 16 61 SEMAPA 1999 9 Aguas del Tunari Bechtel SEMAPA 2002 4 SEMAPA 7 3 SEMAPA 1 2 1 SEMAPA SEMAPA 43

2000 4 public-collective partnership SEMAPA - public-popular alternative SEMAPA 1 www.beijingreview.com.cn/.../content_119917.htm 2 B http://www.veoliawaterst.com.cn/cn/studies/762.htm 3 1 4 2006 2007 http://paper.h2o-china.com/890_0.shtml 6 ADB completion report Loan and Complementary Financing Scheme to the Chengdu Generale Des Eaux-Marubeni Waterworks Company Limited (Loan 712/1669-PRC; CFS 3) in the People s Republic of China 7 http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/jdwt/2007-0/18/content_10061998.htm 8 2007 7 1 http://www.sxgov.cn/bwzt%clshx%cxgzl/464629.shtml 9 http://www.lz.gansu.gov.cn/_info/xmjs/zdxm/contant_4863.htm 10 17 21 2008 8 http://www.fastart.cn/html/news/finance/20070801/962.html 11 2007 17 http://mnc.people.com.cn/gb/4849/980/781412.html 12 2007 11 9 http://www.sina.com.cn 13 2006 11 13 http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2006-11/13/content_320977.htm 14 2008 07 18 http://www.sina.com.cn 1 2007 7 20 http://info.water.hc360.com/2007/07/20090787792.shtml 16 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/image:cochabamba.jpg 17 http://www.1worldcommunication.org/documentaryonbolivia.htm 44

200 49% 2003 2007 7 1 1997 2007 0.68 3.40 10 2007 36 10% 2008 200% CPI 4

1 / 2007 2007 2008 4 3%-% 2% 46

90 42% 20% 47

2008 1 / 2002 11 22 - public-public partnership 3 social control 48

( ) 661 80 2006 8 1 17 18-30 31 3 1 2.10 2.93 49

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ABC Privatization 2003 10 /PPP Public-Private Partnership PPP Commercialization TOT - (Concession Contract) Marketization Reform of Public Utilities, 2002 12 1

200 2007 Staged Water Rate (Build-Operate-Transfer) B Total Cost Water Rate (Premium Acquisition) 2007 348.7% 4% 206.4% 0% 2007 10 49% 211 49% 2

Asian Development Bank 1966 90 19% 3

4