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129 Leisurely Shanshui Lifestyle of the Ming Dynasty Chih-ho Wu Abstract The Ming leisurely lifestyle of shanshui consists of hill-dwelling, sightseeing, boating and tianshi (quietude and comfort). Each of which possesses its own derivative items, marking the history of the gradual development of social life. The leisure of shanshui incorporates an extensive variety of activities. Due to their sheer numbers, this article can only select a few concrete illustrations for explanation. For instance, the tianshi lifestyle merely refers to four activities: tranquilly touring valleys, keeping a peaceful mind via meditation, participating in associations and literary activities, and chatting about Buddhism. The leisure lifestyle of shanshui occupied the hearts of people during the Ming dynasty and was also the important shanlin guanmu of their life. Ming literati were fond of seeking out and collecting rare items, creating a meaningful life for themselves, and recording in booklets for their own appreciation the trivial matters that they saw, heard or experienced. Therefore, they succeeded in creating what would then be considered a splendid culture for their lives. Subsequent life-history research will cover the development of the social lives of the Ming people from abundant source materials. Keywords: Ming dynasty, literati, shanshui, leisure, lifestyle * Chih-ho Wu is a professor in the Department of History at the Chinese Culture University.