HDI HDI %12% %51% 低人类发展水平 极高人类发展水平 Human Development Index value 人类发展指数值 m 926 亿人口 bn pe

人类发展指数与指标 2018 年统计更新

HDI1990-2017 HDI 1990-2017 5075 309.26 60%12% 1238 24%51% 低人类发展水平 极高人类发展水平 0.504 Human Development Index value 人类发展指数值 0.894 926 m 926 亿人口 1.439 bn people 1.439 亿人口 中等人类发展水平 0.645 2.733 亿人口 2.733 bn 2017 HDI 2.379 bn 2.379 亿人口 0.757 高人类发展水平 @ 2018 1 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA (Communications Development Incorporated) (Human Development Report Office) ACTC (ACTC Translation Centre Pte Ltd, www.actc.com.sg ) http://hdr.undp.org

2018 (UNDP)

2018 Selim Jahan Thangavel Palanivel Milorad Kovacevic ( )Jacob Assa, Astra BoniniCecilia CalderonYu-Chieh Hsu Christina LengfelderTanni MukhopadhyayShivani NayyarCarolina Rivera Heriberto Tapia Admir Jahic Dharshani Seneviratne Jon HallAnna Ortubia Elodie Turchi Sarantuya Mend ( )Botagoz AbdreyevaFe Juarez ShanahanMay Wint Than Nu Nu Win ii

: 2018 30 UNDP 2018 UNDP HDI HDI HDI HDI HDI 6% 200 2012 2017 2018 iii

SDGs Achim Steiner iv

2018 UNDP HDRO HDRO Intellectual Exercise HDRO Grace ChenRashik Alam Chowdhury Drilona Emrullahu Shangchao Liu. Communications Development Incorporated Bruce Ross-Larson Joe CaponioNick Moschovakis Christopher Trott Elaine Wilson UNDP Achim Steiner HDRO Selim Jahan 2018 v

2018 2 4 5 7 8 11 12 13 13 17 1. 22 2. 1990 2017 26 3. 30 4. 34 5. 38 6. * 7. 44 8. 48 9. 52 10. 56 11. 60 12. 64 13. 68 14. - 72 15. 76 1. 81 2. 86 3. 91 4. 96 5. 101 106 1 1 2 4 3 9 1 1 2 2 3 1990 2017 3 4 2012 2017 3 5 2017 5 6 2017 5 7 2017 6 8 2017 7 9 2017 8 10 2017 9 11 2017 10 12 1990 2017 11 13 2012 2017 11 14 2014 ( ) 12 15 1990 2015 12 107 110 * OPHIMPI 2018 vii

2018 1990 HDR 800 HDI 1 1990 12010 1 (MPI), IHDI GII2014 GDI 28 2030 1 1990 2010 人类发展指数 (HDI) 多维贫困指数 (MPI) 不平等调整后的人类发展指数 (IHDI) 性别不平等指数 (GII) (HDI) 2014 性别发展指数 (GDI) 2018 1

2 人类发展的质量 生命历程中的性别差异 女性赋权 环境可持续性 社会经济可持续性 人类发展 2018 2017 2 2018 2017 1 189 59 53 39 38 2010 49 HDI 0.9530.944 0.939 0.938 0.936 ( 1) 0.417 0.404 0.3880.367 0.3542012 2017 13 8 27 26 20 2017 HDI 0.728 1990 0.598 21.7 1990 7 130 2 1990-2017 45.3 41.8 34.9 3 OECD 14.0 2008-2009 HDI HDI OECD HDI 2 HDI 1990 1990 1990 HDI 2 人类发展

3 1990 2017 人类发展水平分类 ( 人类发展指数值 ) 极高 (0.800 或以上 ) 0.800 高 (0.700 0.799) 0.700 中等 (0.550 0.699) 经济合作与发展组织成员国 欧洲和中亚地区拉丁美洲和加勒比地区东亚和太平洋地区全球阿拉伯国家 南亚地区 0.550 低 ( 少于 0.550) 0.300 1990 2000 2010 2017 撒哈拉以南非洲 1990 人类发展 / HDI 20 20 90 2000 2010 2012 2017 4 100 3 2012 128 4 2012 2017 HDI 位次变化 20 也门 (2012 年的第 158 位下滑至 2017 年的 178 位 ) 26 利比亚 (2012 年的第 82 位次下滑至 2017 年的 108 位 ) 27 阿拉伯叙利亚共和国 (2012 年的第 128 位次下滑至 2017 年的 155 位 ) 人类发展 2018 3

HDI 20% 155 1990 HDI 46.6% 2 2010 IHDI HDI IHDI HDI IHDI HDI HDI 0.728 0.582 3 HDI 20% 3.6% 45.3% HDI 5 6 79.5 60.8 7 84.1 52.2 1.6 7.5 7 98% 43% 2 1 0.1% 8 36 (2017, p. 1)82% 1% (2018, p. 10) 1 0.1 2017 2018 4

5 2017 10.7% 0.894 0.799 0.757 0.636 16.0% 0.645 25.1% 31.1% 0.483 0.504 0.347 极高人类发展水平 高人类发展水平 中等人类发展水平 低人类发展水平 人类发展 HDI IHDI HDI 损失 6 2017 出生时预期寿命 ( 岁 ) 预期受教育年限 ( 年 ) 平均受教育年限 ( 年 ) 人均国民总收入 (2011 PPP $) 84.1 中国香港 ( 特区 ) 22.9 澳大利亚 14.1 德国 116,818 卡塔尔 1.6 倍 52.2 塞拉利昂 4.7 倍 9.4 倍 176 倍 4.9 南苏丹 1.5 布基纳法索 663 中非共和国 人类发展 (GDI)GDI HDI 0.705 0.749 5.9 4 HDI 0.705 5.9% 2018 5

7 2017 低人类发展水平 60.8 极高人类发展水平 出生时预期寿命 79.5 岁 9.26 亿人口 14.39 亿人口 27.33 亿人口 中等人类发展水平 69.1 23.79 亿人口 76.0 高人类发展水平 人 2.3 16.3 14.5 HDI 13.8 2.3 16.314.5 8 GII GII 2017 GII 0.441 5GII 0.270 0.531 0.569 9 0.186 2 10 23.5 2.9 90.4 87.5 6 人

8 2017 HDI GDI 0 0.500 1.000 0 0.500 1.000 拉丁美洲和加勒比地区 Female HDI: 0.748 Male HDI: 0.765 2.3% 0.977 东亚和太平洋地区 0.717 0.750 4.3% 0.957 欧洲和中亚地区 0.751 0.785 4.4% 0.956 撒哈拉以南非洲 0.506 0.567 10.7% 0.893 阿拉伯国家 0.630 0.736 14.5% 0.855 南亚地区 0.571 0.682 16.3% 0.837 31.7 31.5 26.3 3 20-24 39% 18 1000 15-19 44.0 101.3 2010 (MPI) 3 MPI 26.5 3.10 11 47.5 17.1 47.5 17.1 2018 7

9 2017 (GII) 撒哈拉以南非洲阿拉伯国家南亚拉丁美洲和加勒比地区东亚和太平洋地区欧洲和中亚 性别不平等指数 (GII) 0.270 0.312 0.386 0.515 0.531 0.569 10,000 24.7 7.8 1.9 ( 1) 10,000 58 9 13 8

10, 2017 ( 性别平等偏差 ) 女性表现更好性别平等线男性表现更好 童年和青年时期成年时期老年时期 0.03 0.20 0.12 0.01 0.48 0.69 养老金领取者比例国家议会中的席位比例总失业率至少接受过中等教育的人口 a STEM 专业的大学毕业生比例中等教育总入学率 0.01 初等教育总入学率 a. STEM 包括科学, 数学, 工程, 制造及建筑领域 人 3 MPI 数 MPI 大学 人 OPHI 人 (HDRO), 2010 入 人 数中,HDRO OPHI 的 的 MPI 的 MPI HDI 的, 教育, 生 平 家 的 人口的比例, 及 人口 的平 数 10 的 平, 包括学业 率 养 率 生 的 等 人 2018 9

12% 12.0 88.0 69.9 53.3 11 1990 5.8 2017 11 8.4 12 1990 3.4 41 14 11 13 76% 30 1521 2017 13.0% 低人类发展水平国家 7.5 years 预期寿命 60.8 岁 健康预期寿命 53.3 岁 12.5% 9.6 极高人类发展水平国家 69.9 79.5 11.8% 9.26 亿人口 14.39 亿人口 8.3 27.33 亿人口 中等人类发展水平国家 69.1 60.0 23.79 亿人口 9.1 10.9% 67.7 76.0 高人类发展水平国家 人 10 人

12 1990-2017 ( 年 ) 15 预期受教育年限 10 平均受教育年限 5 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 13 2012 2017 14 极高人类发展水平 18 高人类发展水平 中等人类发展水平 低人类发展水平 27 28 29 41 4 10.7 0.3 ( 14) 2014 45 2 1990-2015 3.2% 2018 11

14 2014 ( ) 15 1990 2015 极高人类发展水平国家高人类发展水平国家中等人类发展水平国家低人类发展水平国家 1.7 0.3 6.7 全球人均二氧化碳排放量 4.6 吨 10.7 14.5 9.7 低人类发展水平国家 1.7 中等人类发展水平国家 1.1 高人类发展水平国家 极高人类发展水平国家 森林面积变化 (%) 人类发展 人类发展 14.5% 15 7.2 23.8 HDI IHDI HDI HDI 20 HDI HDI * * * 12 人类发展

2030 1 2 HDI $75,000 3 http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/syria-emergency.html. Oxfam International. 2017. An Economy for the 99%. Oxfam Briefing Paper. Oxford, UK.. 2018. Reward Work, Not Wealth. Oxfam Briefing Paper. Oxford, UK. 2018 13

2018 17 1 22 2 1990 2017 26 3 30 4 34 5 38 6 * 7 44 8 48 9 52 10 56 11 60 12 64 13 68 14 72 15 76 1 81 2 86 3 91 4 96 5 101 106 107 110 * (OPHI) (MPI) 15

20 5 (HDRO) 6 OPHI 5 2018 7 15 http://hdr.undp.org/ en/data 2017 (HDI) HDRO 2018 (HDI) (IHDI) (GDI) (GII) (MPI) 2016 http://hdr.undp.org/sites/ default/files/ hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf. 1-4 MPI OPHI http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/ hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf. 5 2018 5 http://hdr.undp.org/ sites/default/files/ hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf. 6 HDI HDI 2 http://hdr. undp.org/en/data 2/3 (HDI) HDI 0.550 HDI 0.550 0.699 HDI 0.700 0.799 HDI 0.800 17

www.unohrlls.org 35 32 3 2016 5 2 Czech RepublicCzechia 2018 6 1 Swaziland Kingdom of Eswatini 2011-2017 - 2012/2017 /.. 0 0.0 HDRO (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters) (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) (Eurostat) (Food and Agricultural Organization) (Gallup)ICF MacroInstitute for Criminal Policy Research; (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre) (International Labour Organization) (International Monetary Fund) (International Telecommunication Union) (Inter-Parliamentary Union) (Luxembourg Income Study)Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; (Office for United Nations High Commission for Refugees) ; (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean; Syrian Center for Policy Research (United Nations Childrens Fund) (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) (United Nations Department of Economic and Social A airs) (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for West Asia) (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics) United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (United Nations Tourism Organization) ( Bank) ( Health Organization) Robert Barro Jong-Wha Lee 2018 6 5 2010 (HDI) (IHDI) (GII) (MPI)- 2014 (GDI) 18 2018

2018 UNDP OPHI MPI 1 2017 2018 HDI GNI 2016 HDI 21990-2017 HDI 2017 HDI HDI 2018 2017 HDI HDI 5 HDI HDI 1990 2000, 2000 2010, 2010 2017 1990 2017 3 (IHDI) IHDI IHDI IHDI HDI HDI IHDI HDI 3 1/5 (Palma ratio) 10% 40% 4 1 4 HDI 5 5 6-6 1.90 MPI OPHI hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf 5 OPHI (http://ophi.org.uk/multidimensional-poverty-index/ 7 8 24 0-5 / / 5 5 (GDP) 9 GDP 10 (GDP) 19

GDP GDP GNI 11 12 5 13 GDP 2010 2016 14 15 11 1 PISA 2 1.04-1.07 1 ( ) 3 4 / 5 20 2018

1 SDG 3 SDG 4.3 SDG 4.6 SDG 8.5 1 (HDI) (GNI) 2011 GNI HDI HDI HDI HDI 2017 2017 2017 a 2017 a 2017 2017 2016 1 0.953 82.3 17.9 12.6 68,012 5 1 2 0.944 83.5 16.2 13.4 57,625 8 2 3 0.939 83.1 22.9 b 12.9 43,560 18 3 4 0.938 81.6 19.6 b 12.5 c 53,754 8 4 5 0.936 81.2 17.0 14.1 46,136 13 4 6 0.935 82.9 19.3 b 12.4 c 45,810 13 6 7 0.933 84.1 16.3 12.0 58,420 2 8 7 0.933 82.6 17.6 12.4 47,766 9 7 9 0.932 83.2 16.2 d 11.5 82,503 e 6 8 10 0.931 82.0 18.0 12.2 47,900 5 10 11 0.929 80.9 19.1 b 12.6 f 47,918 3 10 12 0.926 82.5 16.4 c 13.3 43,433 10 12 13 0.924 79.5 16.5 13.4 54,941 2 12 14 0.922 81.7 17.4 12.9 f 39,116 13 14 15 0.920 81.5 17.6 12.4 41,002 10 15 16 0.917 82.0 18.9 b 12.5 33,970 18 16 17 0.916 81.3 19.8 b 11.8 42,156 6 16 17 0.916 80.4 g 14.7 12.5 h 97,336 e,i 15 16 19 0.909 83.9 15.2 12.8 j 38,986 9 19 20 0.908 81.8 16.1 12.1 45,415 0 20 21 0.904 82.0 14.0 12.1 f 65,016 k 13 26 22 0.903 82.7 15.9 13.0 32,711 13 21 22 0.903 82.4 16.5 12.1 35,945 8 22 24 0.901 82.7 16.4 11.5 39,254 2 23 25 0.896 81.1 17.2 12.2 30,594 12 24 26 0.891 83.3 17.9 9.8 34,258 7 25 27 0.888 78.9 16.9 12.7 30,588 11 27 28 0.880 83.2 16.3 10.2 f 35,299 3 28 29 0.878 81.0 15.9 11.3 34,396 3 29 30 0.871 77.7 16.1 12.7 28,993 10 30 31 0.870 81.4 17.3 10.8 24,648 20 30 32 0.869 80.7 14.6 12.1 31,568 4 32 33 0.865 77.8 16.4 12.3 26,150 12 34 34 0.863 77.4 13.6 10.8 l 67,805 27 33 35 0.858 81.7 g 13.5 d 10.2 47,574 m 18 35 35 0.858 74.8 16.1 13.0 28,314 7 36 37 0.856 78.3 13.4 9.8 116,818 e 36 36 38 0.855 77.0 15.0 12.5 29,467 1 39 39 0.853 77.4 14.5 9.1 j 76,427 e 35 40 39 0.853 74.7 16.9 9.5 f 49,680 26 38 41 0.847 74.7 15.8 12.8 f 25,002 8 43 41 0.847 81.4 16.3 9.2 27,315 2 42 43 0.846 77.0 16.0 9.4 l 41,580 19 41 44 0.843 79.7 16.4 10.3 21,910 13 44 45 0.838 76.1 15.1 11.9 25,393 3 45 46 0.831 77.8 15.0 11.3 l 22,162 10 46 47 0.825 76.7 17.4 9.9 l 18,461 19 47 48 0.821 77.3 13.9 9.5 36,290 19 47 49 0.816 71.2 15.5 12.0 f 24,233 3 49 50 0.814 77.3 14.9 11.3 f 16,779 19 50 51 0.813 74.9 14.8 11.8 18,740 13 50 52 0.811 75.6 14.3 11.0 22,646 2 52 53 0.808 73.1 15.5 12.3 16,323 18 54 54 0.807 75.8 12.8 n 11.1 f 26,681 10 53 55 0.804 77.6 15.9 8.7 19,930 5 56 56 0.803 74.8 13.6 7.3 70,524 51 55 57 0.802 75.5 13.7 10.2 f 26,107 11 57 58 0.800 76.1 15.3 10.6 o 15,843 k 14 57 58 0.800 70.0 15.1 11.8 j 22,626 3 60 22 2018

2018 SDG 3 SDG 4.3 SDG 4.6 SDG 8.5 (HDI) (GNI) 2011 GNI HDI HDI HDI 1 HDI 2017 2017 2017 a 2017 a 2017 2017 2016 60 0.798 76.2 14.9 9.8 19,130 3 61 60 0.798 73.4 g 15.6 12.3 12,831 28 59 62 0.797 73.7 14.8 9.5 d 26,077 k 15 62 63 0.794 80.0 15.4 8.8 14,636 15 63 64 0.791 76.0 15.2 8.0 24,804 14 65 65 0.790 74.9 15.1 9.3 j 20,189 6 64 66 0.789 78.2 12.7 10.2 j 19,178 4 66 67 0.787 75.3 14.6 11.1 13,019 18 66 68 0.785 78.5 14.8 10.0 11,886 23 69 69 0.784 70.8 12.9 n 10.9 f 28,622 k 28 66 70 0.780 76.5 13.2 f 9.2 d 20,764 k 12 70 70 0.780 73.4 15.0 12.8 9,186 35 71 72 0.778 74.4 g 14.4 8.4 n 23,978 k 19 72 73 0.777 79.9 14.0 11.8 f 7,524 p 43 72 74 0.774 77.3 14.1 8.6 16,944 6 74 75 0.772 73.8 16.9 8.7 n 12,864 k 12 75 76 0.770 75.5 13.9 10.9 f 11,326 19 76 77 0.768 77.1 14.2 o 9.7 11,716 16 77 78 0.761 74.7 14.3 10.3 10,672 k 20 77 79 0.759 75.7 15.4 7.8 f 13,755 k 2 79 80 0.757 72.1 12.7 q 10.7 15,600 k 7 80 80 0.757 79.8 12.5 8.7 f 13,378 3 82 80 0.757 75.9 13.3 9.6 o 12,505 9 81 83 0.755 74.8 13.0 11.7 9,144 24 84 83 0.755 75.5 14.7 7.6 15,516 7 86 85 0.754 76.3 14.4 8.0 f 13,802 5 83 86 0.752 76.4 13.8 7.8 l 15,270 9 86 86 0.752 76.6 14.7 8.7 10,347 15 84 88 0.751 72.1 15.0 11.3 l 8,130 24 90 89 0.750 75.2 13.8 9.2 11,789 3 86 90 0.747 74.6 14.4 8.3 12,938 4 89 90 0.747 75.7 13.6 q 8.9 f 11,695 4 91 92 0.741 70.4 15.3 f 10.8 j 8,324 k 18 93 92 0.741 69.5 15.5 10.1 10,103 11 92 94 0.736 74.0 13.7 7.8 13,921 15 95 95 0.735 74.5 13.1 f 10.4 j 8,288 16 94 95 0.735 75.9 15.1 7.2 l 10,275 k 7 96 97 0.732 76.1 13.1 f 9.8 f 7,846 17 96 98 0.726 73.2 14.3 n 11.2 f 5,547 k 37 98 99 0.723 73.3 13.3 8.6 10,499 k 0 99 100 0.720 71.5 12.7 q 8.5 f 13,306 k 16 100 101 0.717 67.6 12.6 f 9.3 l 15,534 26 102 101 0.717 77.6 12.6 q 6.3 j 13,567 k 19 102 103 0.715 78.0 g 12.7 n 7.8 d 8,344 k 6 101 104 0.713 75.2 12.5 d 10.3 d 5,909 k 24 104 105 0.710 71.4 12.0 11.5 6,470 19 107 106 0.708 70.6 12.8 10.5 f 7,166 14 105 106 0.708 73.6 g 13.0 d 10.9 5,125 33.. 108 0.706 72.1 13.4 n 7.3 l 11,100 k 12 114 108 0.706 68.0 10.8 9.8 q 15,594 k 34 106 110 0.702 66.5 12.8 q 8.2 q 16,431 40 109 110 0.702 73.2 12.7 8.4 8,380 2 108 112 0.700 71.7 11.6 11.6 5,554 22 110 113 0.699 69.2 12.6 9.3 f 9,154 7 111 113 0.699 63.4 13.3 10.1 11,923 23 111 115 0.696 71.7 13.1 7.2 j 10,355 15 113 116 0.694 69.4 12.8 8.0 10,846 19 115 116 0.694 76.5 12.7 o 8.2 o 5,859 14 116 1 23

1 SDG 3 SDG 4.3 SDG 4.6 SDG 8.5 1 (HDI) (GNI) 2011 GNI HDI HDI HDI HDI 2017 2017 2017 a 2017 a 2017 2017 2016 118 0.693 69.5 14.0 8.9 6,714 5 116 119 0.686 73.6 12.8 9.1 5,055 21 116 120 0.685 70.0 11.0 q 6.8 f 17,789 k 53 120 121 0.674 73.8 12.6 6.9 6,868 0 119 122 0.672 71.1 13.4 10.9 q 3,255 32 121 123 0.667 76.1 12.4 5.5 j 7,340 5 122 124 0.658 75.7 12.1 6.7 j 5,157 14 123 125 0.654 73.0 12.6 6.1 5,983 2 124 125 0.654 66.8 11.4 8.4 o 7,447 k 8 124 127 0.650 73.7 10.8 6.5 f 7,278 8 126 127 0.650 71.2 11.2 10.4 j 3,317 k 25 127 129 0.647 64.9 12.3 q 6.8 j 9,387 25 128 130 0.640 68.8 12.3 6.4 f 6,353 5 129 131 0.627 69.3 11.7 d 8.0 d 3,843 k 13 131 132 0.625 69.2 12.8 4.5 q 6,846 10 130 133 0.617 73.8 10.2 6.5 4,215 8 132 134 0.612 70.6 12.3 3.1 o 8,065 21 135 134 0.612 66.5 12.9 7.9 d 3,042 k 22 134 136 0.608 72.8 11.4 f 5.8 l 3,677 9 138 137 0.606 65.1 11.4 6.3 l 5,694 5 133 138 0.603 72.3 10.9 n 6.8 o 2,995 19 136 139 0.601 67.0 11.2 5.2 j 6,070 13 137 140 0.592 63.0 11.6 7.1 j 4,096 3 140 141 0.591 57.9 9.3 n 5.5 q 19,513 80 139 142 0.590 67.3 12.1 q 6.5 j 2,961 16 143 143 0.589 66.8 12.5 6.3 f 2,941 k 16 144 144 0.588 58.3 11.2 6.5 o 7,620 29 141 144 0.588 62.3 12.5 q 7.0 q 3,557 k 3 141 146 0.582 69.3 11.7 f 4.8 j 3,413 3 146 147 0.581 61.8 11.8 q 5.1 q 5,790 16 145 148 0.578 66.7 10.0 4.9 q 5,567 k 15 147 149 0.574 70.6 12.2 4.9 j 2,471 12 148 150 0.562 66.6 8.6 5.2 5,311 14 149 151 0.556 58.6 12.2 6.3 l 3,315 2 150 152 0.546 71.0 10.2 d 5.5 q 1,872 k 15 151 153 0.544 65.7 10.0 n 4.6 j 3,403 k 3 151 154 0.538 66.3 8.9 q 5.8 j 2,655 6 154 155 0.536 71.0 8.8 5.1 r 2,337 s 8 153 156 0.535 61.7 10.3 8.1 1,683 17 155 157 0.532 53.9 10.0 q 6.2 q 5,231 20 156 158 0.524 67.5 11.2 4.1 f 1,811 11 157 159 0.520 54.6 10.6 6.3 j 3,255 4 159 159 0.520 63.4 8.6 4.5 j 3,592 13 159 161 0.519 66.3 10.6 6.1 q 1,358 20 158 162 0.516 60.2 11.6 q 6.1 q 1,658 13 162 163 0.515 61.2 12.6 3.6 o 2,061 2 161 164 0.505 67.5 9.7 3.0 2,384 2 165 165 0.503 63.9 11.2 4.8 q 1,399 15 163 165 0.503 60.5 12.4 q 4.8 q 1,453 14 164 167 0.502 64.7 7.4 3.7 j 4,119 25 165 168 0.498 64.0 10.4 3.8 j 1,824 0 168 168 0.498 63.6 9.3 n 5.3 q 1,665 6 167 170 0.492 54.1 9.0 5.2 j 3,481 22 169 171 0.477 63.7 10.8 4.5 j 1,064 14 170 172 0.476 62.6 6.2 4.1 o 3,392 21 170 173 0.463 65.9 8.5 f 2.7 q 1,719 1 173 174 0.460 61.4 9.2 3.5 j 1,516 4 173 175 0.459 60.6 9.1 2.6 q 2,067 11 177 176 0.457 60.0 9.8 6.8 f 796 12 176 177 0.455 57.8 10.5 o 3.0 o 1,552 0 175 178 0.452 65.2 9.0 f 3.0 l 1,239 5 172 24 2018

2018 SDG 3 SDG 4.3 SDG 4.6 SDG 8.5 (HDI) (GNI) 2011 GNI HDI HDI HDI 1 HDI 2017 2017 2017 a 2017 a 2017 2017 2016 179 0.440 65.5 5.4 4.0 n 1,750 k 9 178 180 0.437 58.9 9.7 3.5 f 1,093 4 179 181 0.435 63.0 10.0 q 4.7 j 667 9 180 182 0.427 58.5 7.7 2.3 f 1,953 16 181 183 0.423 60.8 8.5 1.5 q 1,650 7 182 184 0.419 52.2 9.8 q 3.5 j 1,240 2 184 185 0.417 57.9 11.7 3.0 q 702 4 183 186 0.404 53.2 8.0 2.3 q 1,750 15 185 187 0.388 57.3 4.9 q 4.8 963 k 1 186 188 0.367 52.9 7.2 f 4.3 j 663 3 187 189 0.354 60.4 5.4 2.0 j 906 2 188.... 71.9 12.0.............................. 10.3.. 18,573 k.......... 15.1............ 56.7.................... 5,888 k.... 0.894 79.5 16.4 12.2 40,041 0.757 76.0 14.1 8.2 14,999 0.645 69.1 12.0 6.7 6,849 0.504 60.8 9.4 4.7 2,521 0.681 70.7 12.2 7.3 10,055 0.699 71.5 11.9 7.0 15,837 0.733 74.7 13.3 7.9 13,688 0.771 73.4 14.1 10.3 15,331 0.758 75.7 14.4 8.5 13,671 0.638 69.3 11.9 6.4 6,473 0.537 60.7 10.1 5.6 3,399 0.524 64.8 9.8 4.7 2,506 0.676 71.0 11.8 8.2 7,721 0.895 80.6 16.2 12.0 39,595 0.728 72.2 12.7 8.4 15,295 m a 2017 n 1 7 (2017a) b o 2006-2017 (2018) 18 (2018b) (2018b)Barro Lee (2016) c 2017a p (2018) d e $75,000 f (2018) g (2011) h i j Barro Lee (2016) k (2018b) (2018b) l Barro Lee (2016) (2018) q ICF Macro 2006-2017 r (2017) s (2018b) (2018b) (2018) (HDI) HDI http://hdr.undp.org/sites/ default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf 1 25 (GNI) GNI HDI GNI HDI GNI HDI 2016 HDI 2016 2017 HDI 2 (2017a) 3 (2018) ICF Macro (2017a) 4 (2018) Barro Lee (2016) ICF Macro (2017a) 5 (2018b) (2018) (2018b) 6 1 5 1 25

2 1990-2017 2 (HDI) HDI HDI (%) HDI 1990 2000 2010 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2012 2017 a 1990 2000 2000 2010 2010 2017 1990 2017 1 0.850 0.917 0.942 0.942 0.946 0.948 0.951 0.953 0 0.76 0.27 0.17 0.42 2 0.832 0.889 0.932 0.935 0.939 0.942 0.943 0.944 0 0.67 0.47 0.18 0.47 3 0.866 0.898 0.923 0.929 0.933 0.936 0.938 0.939 0 0.36 0.27 0.24 0.30 4 0.763 0.857 0.909 0.902 0.921 0.929 0.934 0.938 13 1.16 0.60 0.45 0.77 5 0.801 0.868 0.921 0.928 0.930 0.933 0.934 0.936 1 0.81 0.59 0.24 0.58 6 0.802 0.860 0.891 0.909 0.925 0.927 0.933 0.935 5 0.71 0.36 0.68 0.57 7 0.781 0.827 0.901 0.911 0.923 0.927 0.930 0.933 3 0.58 0.87 0.49 0.66 7 0.816 0.897 0.905 0.908 0.920 0.929 0.932 0.933 5 0.96 0.09 0.43 0.50 9 0.718 0.819 0.909 0.920 0.928 0.929 0.930 0.932 2 1.33 1.05 0.36 0.97 10 0.829 0.876 0.910 0.921 0.924 0.926 0.928 0.931 4 0.55 0.39 0.32 0.43 11 0.799 0.863 0.910 0.924 0.928 0.926 0.928 0.929 6 0.77 0.53 0.30 0.56 12 0.849 0.867 0.902 0.908 0.918 0.920 0.922 0.926 0 0.21 0.39 0.38 0.32 13 0.860 0.885 0.914 0.918 0.918 0.920 0.922 0.924 5 0.28 0.32 0.16 0.27 14 0.775 0.867 0.905 0.898 0.919 0.918 0.920 0.922 5 1.13 0.43 0.25 0.64 15 0.784 0.858 0.903 0.908 0.914 0.915 0.918 0.920 3 0.90 0.52 0.25 0.59 16 0.818 0.869 0.899 0.905 0.910 0.914 0.915 0.917 1 0.61 0.35 0.28 0.42 17 0.806 0.873 0.903 0.905 0.909 0.913 0.915 0.916 2 0.80 0.33 0.21 0.47 17.. 0.862 0.904 0.913 0.911 0.912 0.915 0.916 8.. 0.48 0.19.. 19 0.816 0.855 0.885 0.895 0.903 0.905 0.907 0.909 1 0.48 0.34 0.39 0.40 20 0.795 0.838 0.895 0.899 0.901 0.903 0.906 0.908 2 0.53 0.66 0.20 0.49 21 0.782 0.855 0.889 0.892 0.895 0.899 0.903 0.904 1 0.89 0.39 0.24 0.54 22 0.792 0.853 0.887 0.893 0.899 0.901 0.902 0.903 1 0.75 0.39 0.26 0.49 22 0.728 0.817 0.884 0.890 0.896 0.898 0.900 0.903 1 1.17 0.79 0.30 0.80 24 0.779 0.849 0.882 0.886 0.894 0.898 0.899 0.901 0 0.86 0.38 0.31 0.54 25 0.767 0.825 0.882 0.877 0.887 0.889 0.894 0.896 0 0.73 0.68 0.23 0.58 26 0.754 0.825 0.865 0.873 0.880 0.885 0.889 0.891 1 0.90 0.47 0.43 0.62 27 0.730 0.796 0.862 0.865 0.879 0.882 0.885 0.888 1 0.86 0.80 0.42 0.72 28 0.769 0.830 0.870 0.874 0.874 0.876 0.878 0.880 2 0.76 0.48 0.15 0.50 29 0.740 0.783 0.843 0.849 0.862 0.871 0.875 0.878 4 0.56 0.74 0.59 0.64 30 0.733 0.780 0.845 0.859 0.864 0.866 0.868 0.871 1 0.63 0.79 0.44 0.64 31 0.753 0.796 0.856 0.854 0.864 0.866 0.868 0.870 1 0.56 0.72 0.24 0.54 32 0.732 0.802 0.850 0.852 0.856 0.860 0.867 0.869 1 0.91 0.59 0.31 0.64 33 0.712 0.785 0.835 0.836 0.842 0.855 0.860 0.865 5 0.98 0.62 0.50 0.72 34 0.727 0.798 0.836 0.846 0.855 0.860 0.862 0.863 1 0.94 0.47 0.45 0.64 35.. 0.759 0.828 0.849 0.853 0.854 0.856 0.858 2.. 0.88 0.51.. 35 0.732 0.756 0.824 0.831 0.851 0.852 0.855 0.858 5 0.33 0.87 0.58 0.59 37 0.754 0.810 0.825 0.844 0.853 0.854 0.855 0.856 1 0.72 0.19 0.52 0.47 38 0.739 0.764 0.829 0.842 0.845 0.851 0.853 0.855 1 0.33 0.83 0.44 0.54 39 0.782 0.819 0.842 0.852 0.853 0.852 0.852 0.853 8 0.46 0.28 0.19 0.32 39 0.697 0.743 0.808 0.835 0.852 0.854 0.854 0.853 0 0.64 0.84 0.78 0.75 41 0.704 0.728 0.816 0.824 0.838 0.841 0.844 0.847 2 0.33 1.15 0.53 0.69 41 0.711 0.785 0.822 0.829 0.839 0.842 0.845 0.847 1 0.98 0.46 0.44 0.65 43 0.746 0.792 0.796 0.800 0.810 0.832 0.846 0.846 7 0.60 0.06 0.87 0.47 44 0.701 0.759 0.808 0.819 0.833 0.840 0.842 0.843 0 0.80 0.62 0.61 0.68 45 0.704 0.769 0.823 0.830 0.833 0.834 0.835 0.838 4 0.89 0.68 0.26 0.65 46 0.670 0.750 0.808 0.816 0.824 0.827 0.828 0.831 0 1.14 0.75 0.40 0.80 47 0.704 0.771 0.813 0.818 0.820 0.822 0.822 0.825 2 0.91 0.54 0.20 0.59 48.. 0.704 0.793 0.804 0.815 0.822 0.822 0.821 0.. 1.19 0.50.. 49 0.734 0.720 0.780 0.798 0.807 0.813 0.815 0.816 3 0.18 0.80 0.66 0.40 50.... 0.793 0.800 0.805 0.809 0.810 0.814 0.... 0.36.. 51 0.694 0.712 0.779 0.786 0.797 0.807 0.810 0.813 6 0.26 0.90 0.61 0.59 52 0.701 0.709 0.797 0.795 0.802 0.805 0.807 0.811 2 0.11 1.18 0.25 0.54 53.. 0.683 0.792 0.803 0.807 0.805 0.805 0.808 4.. 1.49 0.29.. 54.. 0.776 0.789 0.807 0.807 0.807 0.806 0.807 7.. 0.17 0.32.. 55 0.692 0.742 0.773 0.790 0.801 0.800 0.802 0.804 1 0.70 0.40 0.57 0.56 56 0.713 0.786 0.792 0.796 0.799 0.802 0.804 0.803 3 0.99 0.07 0.20 0.44 57 0.643 0.725 0.772 0.781 0.790 0.795 0.799 0.802 1 1.20 0.63 0.54 0.82 58 0.716 0.752 0.782 0.795 0.796 0.797 0.799 0.800 4 0.49 0.39 0.34 0.41 58 0.690 0.685 0.765 0.781 0.793 0.797 0.797 0.800 0 0.07 1.12 0.64 0.55 26 2018

2018 (HDI) HDI HDI (%) HDI 1990 2000 2010 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2012 2017 a 1990 2000 2000 2010 2010 2017 1990 2017 60 0.577 0.670 0.755 0.781 0.788 0.789 0.796 0.798 2 1.52 1.20 0.79 1.21 60.. 0.743 0.769 0.778 0.786 0.793 0.798 0.798 1.. 0.34 0.54.. 62.. 0.718 0.747 0.770 0.786 0.791 0.793 0.797 4.. 0.39 0.92.. 63 0.656 0.711 0.754 0.772 0.780 0.788 0.791 0.794 1 0.81 0.59 0.74 0.71 64 0.579 0.655 0.734 0.760 0.778 0.783 0.787 0.791 8 1.26 1.14 1.06 1.16 65 0.619 0.673 0.749 0.767 0.782 0.782 0.788 0.790 3 0.84 1.06 0.78 0.91 66 0.659 0.719 0.758 0.771 0.781 0.781 0.785 0.789 1 0.87 0.53 0.58 0.67 67 0.718 0.711 0.759 0.768 0.775 0.780 0.785 0.787 0 0.11 0.66 0.52 0.34 68 0.645 0.669 0.741 0.767 0.773 0.776 0.782 0.785 0 0.37 1.02 0.83 0.73 69 0.672 0.716 0.775 0.774 0.779 0.783 0.785 0.784 7 0.64 0.80 0.16 0.57 70.... 0.766 0.765 0.770 0.775 0.778 0.780 1.... 0.25.. 70.. 0.673 0.735 0.750 0.765 0.771 0.776 0.780 7.. 0.88 0.85.. 72.... 0.745 0.756 0.770 0.773 0.774 0.778 3.... 0.62.. 73 0.676 0.686 0.779 0.767 0.768 0.772 0.774 0.777 5 0.15 1.28 0.03 0.52 74 0.650 0.702 0.743 0.757 0.761 0.767 0.772 0.774 1 0.78 0.57 0.58 0.65 75.... 0.743 0.749 0.761 0.767 0.770 0.772 3.... 0.55.. 76 0.625 0.685 0.745 0.757 0.763 0.766 0.768 0.770 3 0.93 0.84 0.47 0.78 77.. 0.672 0.713 0.739 0.754 0.755 0.766 0.768 7.. 0.60 1.07.. 78 0.634 0.672 0.759 0.774 0.778 0.775 0.766 0.761 16 0.58 1.22 0.04 0.68 79 0.611 0.684 0.727 0.736 0.752 0.757 0.758 0.759 7 1.14 0.60 0.63 0.81 80.. 0.640 0.740 0.745 0.758 0.758 0.757 0.757 1.. 1.47 0.32.. 80.... 0.758 0.751 0.751 0.752 0.753 0.757 4.... 0.03.. 80.. 0.669 0.735 0.740 0.747 0.754 0.756 0.757 2.. 0.94 0.42.. 83 0.631 0.647 0.728 0.737 0.745 0.748 0.749 0.755 2 0.26 1.17 0.53 0.67 83 0.574 0.649 0.724 0.731 0.735 0.741 0.748 0.755 4 1.24 1.10 0.59 1.02 85 0.577 0.644 0.729 0.740 0.747 0.749 0.752 0.754 3 1.10 1.24 0.49 0.99 86 0.502 0.594 0.706 0.722 0.738 0.743 0.748 0.752 7 1.69 1.75 0.90 1.51 86 0.643 0.670 0.715 0.726 0.742 0.743 0.749 0.752 4 0.41 0.66 0.72 0.58 88 0.705 0.671 0.733 0.743 0.748 0.743 0.746 0.751 8 0.50 0.88 0.34 0.23 89 0.611 0.678 0.717 0.729 0.746 0.745 0.748 0.750 0 1.04 0.56 0.64 0.76 90 0.592 0.653 0.719 0.725 0.738 0.742 0.747 0.747 2 0.98 0.96 0.55 0.86 90.. 0.690 0.731 0.730 0.737 0.744 0.745 0.747 2.. 0.57 0.32.. 92 0.643 0.683 0.711 0.719 0.730 0.738 0.738 0.741 5 0.61 0.40 0.59 0.53 92 0.579 0.589 0.697 0.720 0.734 0.737 0.743 0.741 4 0.17 1.70 0.87 0.92 94 0.598 0.657 0.702 0.710 0.718 0.729 0.733 0.736 8 0.94 0.68 0.66 0.77 95 0.617 0.702 0.728 0.726 0.730 0.733 0.735 0.735 5 1.31 0.36 0.14 0.65 95 0.569 0.653 0.716 0.719 0.725 0.728 0.732 0.735 2 1.39 0.91 0.38 0.95 97 0.638 0.662 0.712 0.721 0.728 0.730 0.732 0.732 3 0.37 0.74 0.40 0.51 98 0.648 0.673 0.712 0.717 0.717 0.721 0.724 0.726 2 0.38 0.56 0.28 0.42 99.. 0.673 0.715 0.718 0.720 0.720 0.721 0.723 0.. 0.60 0.15.. 100.... 0.703 0.711 0.718 0.721 0.719 0.720 1.... 0.33.. 101 0.581 0.565 0.660 0.683 0.701 0.706 0.712 0.717 8 0.28 1.57 1.18 0.78 101.. 0.606 0.671 0.688 0.705 0.710 0.712 0.717 4.. 1.03 0.96.. 103.. 0.693 0.722 0.721 0.724 0.721 0.718 0.715 9.. 0.41 0.13.. 104 0.620 0.647 0.693 0.697 0.703 0.706 0.711 0.713 0 0.42 0.69 0.41 0.52 105.. 0.595 0.666 0.683 0.695 0.698 0.703 0.710 4.. 1.14 0.91.. 106 0.644 0.677 0.699 0.706 0.706 0.709 0.709 0.708 3 0.51 0.31 0.18 0.35 106.............. 0.708.......... 108 0.677 0.727 0.755 0.741 0.695 0.694 0.693 0.706 26 0.72 0.38 0.97 0.15 108.... 0.673 0.686 0.697 0.701 0.705 0.706 0.... 0.68.. 110 0.620 0.633 0.665 0.678 0.693 0.694 0.698 0.702 3 0.20 0.51 0.77 0.46 110 0.580 0.624 0.675 0.680 0.698 0.702 0.702 0.702 2 0.73 0.79 0.57 0.71 112 0.651 0.597 0.670 0.684 0.696 0.693 0.697 0.700 3 0.86 1.15 0.62 0.27 113 0.586 0.624 0.665 0.677 0.689 0.693 0.696 0.699 1 0.64 0.64 0.71 0.66 113 0.618 0.630 0.649 0.664 0.685 0.692 0.696 0.699 6 0.19 0.30 1.06 0.46 115 0.546 0.611 0.665 0.675 0.683 0.691 0.694 0.696 0 1.12 0.86 0.64 0.90 116 0.528 0.606 0.661 0.675 0.683 0.686 0.691 0.694 1 1.39 0.88 0.69 1.02 116 0.475 0.579 0.654 0.670 0.678 0.684 0.689 0.694 1 1.99 1.23 0.85 1.41 2 2 1990 2017 27

2 1990 2017 2 (HDI) HDI HDI (%) HDI 1990 2000 2010 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2012 2017 a 1990 2000 2000 2010 2010 2017 1990 2017 118 0.536 0.608 0.649 0.662 0.675 0.681 0.689 0.693 2 1.27 0.66 0.94 0.96 119.... 0.672 0.687 0.679 0.687 0.689 0.686 12.... 0.30.. 120 0.572 0.607 0.649 0.659 0.666 0.668 0.672 0.685 1 0.60 0.67 0.77 0.67 121 0.529 0.615 0.671 0.670 0.670 0.674 0.679 0.674 4 1.52 0.88 0.07 0.90 122 0.618 0.594 0.636 0.649 0.663 0.666 0.669 0.672 0 0.39 0.69 0.79 0.31 123 0.458 0.530 0.616 0.635 0.650 0.655 0.662 0.667 3 1.47 1.51 1.13 1.40 124 0.489 0.570 0.621 0.633 0.649 0.652 0.657 0.658 3 1.54 0.87 0.82 1.10 125.. 0.570 0.629 0.636 0.644 0.647 0.652 0.654 0.. 0.99 0.56.. 125 0.538 0.604 0.630 0.642 0.648 0.651 0.652 0.654 2 1.18 0.42 0.52 0.73 127 0.478 0.546 0.611 0.613 0.643 0.645 0.649 0.650 4 1.35 1.13 0.89 1.15 127 0.623 0.550 0.634 0.642 0.645 0.645 0.647 0.650 4 1.23 1.43 0.36 0.16 129 0.579 0.558 0.594 0.617 0.636 0.642 0.645 0.647 0 0.37 0.63 1.21 0.41 130 0.427 0.493 0.581 0.600 0.618 0.627 0.636 0.640 2 1.45 1.64 1.40 1.51 131.. 0.552 0.608 0.616 0.618 0.627 0.627 0.627 1.. 0.98 0.44.. 132.. 0.507 0.619 0.599 0.610 0.630 0.631 0.625 1.. 2.02 0.13.. 133 0.506 0.554 0.596 0.597 0.603 0.609 0.614 0.617 2 0.92 0.72 0.50 0.74 134.... 0.566 0.585 0.599 0.603 0.609 0.612 4.... 1.14.. 134.. 0.552 0.590 0.598 0.616 0.621 0.610 0.612 0.. 0.67 0.53.. 136 0.387 0.468 0.545 0.566 0.583 0.592 0.597 0.608 7 1.93 1.54 1.57 1.69 137 0.536 0.490 0.557 0.573 0.595 0.613 0.612 0.606 2 0.91 1.30 1.21 0.46 138.... 0.591 0.592 0.598 0.599 0.600 0.603 2.... 0.28.. 139 0.400 0.466 0.546 0.569 0.586 0.593 0.598 0.601 2 1.53 1.59 1.39 1.52 140 0.455 0.484 0.554 0.570 0.576 0.585 0.588 0.592 0 0.62 1.36 0.94 0.98 141.. 0.516 0.581 0.589 0.590 0.593 0.592 0.591 4.. 1.19 0.23.. 142 0.468 0.451 0.543 0.559 0.572 0.578 0.585 0.590 3 0.38 1.88 1.18 0.86 143 0.452 0.490 0.542 0.551 0.567 0.580 0.584 0.589 4 0.80 1.01 1.21 0.98 144 0.536 0.471 0.538 0.561 0.580 0.584 0.586 0.588 0 1.28 1.34 1.28 0.35 144 0.401 0.432 0.544 0.569 0.580 0.583 0.586 0.588 3 0.76 2.34 1.11 1.43 146 0.364 0.420 0.537 0.553 0.566 0.571 0.576 0.582 0 1.44 2.49 1.15 1.75 147.. 0.387 0.520 0.543 0.564 0.572 0.577 0.581 3.. 3.00 1.59.. 148 0.358 0.431 0.530 0.549 0.564 0.569 0.574 0.578 0 1.86 2.09 1.25 1.79 149 0.378 0.446 0.529 0.548 0.560 0.566 0.569 0.574 0 1.66 1.72 1.19 1.56 150 0.404 0.450 0.526 0.535 0.548 0.551 0.560 0.562 1 1.08 1.57 0.95 1.23 151 0.440 0.431 0.506 0.526 0.543 0.548 0.553 0.556 3 0.21 1.61 1.35 0.87 152.. 0.450 0.507 0.529 0.539 0.546 0.543 0.546 1.. 1.19 1.07.. 153 0.380 0.449 0.520 0.530 0.536 0.542 0.543 0.544 1 1.70 1.48 0.64 1.34 154 0.370 0.395 0.493 0.506 0.515 0.528 0.533 0.538 3 0.65 2.24 1.25 1.39 155.. 0.590 0.644 0.631 0.550 0.538 0.536 0.536 27.. 0.88 2.60.. 156 0.491 0.440 0.467 0.505 0.525 0.529 0.532 0.535 2 1.07 0.59 1.95 0.32 157.... 0.484 0.512 0.524 0.527 0.530 0.532 2.... 1.36.. 158 0.250 0.335 0.485 0.500 0.509 0.510 0.520 0.524 3 2.98 3.77 1.11 2.78 159 0.499 0.467 0.493 0.505 0.509 0.511 0.516 0.520 1 0.66 0.54 0.77 0.15 159 0.374 0.442 0.486 0.499 0.514 0.514 0.516 0.520 3 1.69 0.96 0.95 1.22 161.. 0.456 0.504 0.507 0.512 0.514 0.517 0.519 5.. 1.01 0.43.. 162 0.311 0.398 0.486 0.492 0.500 0.505 0.508 0.516 2 2.51 2.02 0.86 1.90 163 0.348 0.398 0.473 0.489 0.505 0.508 0.512 0.515 2 1.36 1.74 1.22 1.46 164 0.367 0.380 0.456 0.476 0.486 0.492 0.499 0.505 5 0.36 1.84 1.47 1.20 165.... 0.482 0.493 0.501 0.502 0.502 0.503 2.... 0.63.. 165 0.405 0.425 0.456 0.466 0.481 0.495 0.500 0.503 5 0.50 0.71 1.41 0.81 167 0.331 0.402 0.470 0.485 0.492 0.497 0.499 0.502 1 1.96 1.58 0.95 1.56 168.... 0.463 0.482 0.491 0.493 0.494 0.498 1.... 1.05.. 168 0.409 0.442 0.470 0.481 0.490 0.493 0.496 0.498 0 0.78 0.61 0.83 0.73 170 0.388 0.394 0.442 0.454 0.465 0.478 0.486 0.492 3 0.16 1.16 1.55 0.89 171 0.340 0.399 0.441 0.455 0.468 0.470 0.474 0.477 1 1.62 1.01 1.11 1.26 172.. 0.363 0.449 0.459 0.467 0.470 0.474 0.476 1.. 2.15 0.82.. 173.. 0.283 0.412 0.430 0.445 0.451 0.457 0.463 3.. 3.82 1.67.. 174 0.333 0.385 0.441 0.445 0.454 0.457 0.457 0.460 0 1.47 1.36 0.61 1.20 175 0.276 0.329 0.404 0.428 0.440 0.443 0.449 0.459 2 1.75 2.09 1.83 1.90 176 0.356 0.333 0.407 0.420 0.436 0.444 0.452 0.457 3 0.68 2.02 1.70 0.93 177.... 0.426 0.437 0.445 0.449 0.453 0.455 2.... 0.95.. 178 0.399 0.443 0.498 0.505 0.505 0.483 0.462 0.452 20 1.03 1.18 1.37 0.46 179.... 0.416 0.422 0.428 0.433 0.436 0.440 1.... 0.79.. 28 2018

2018 (HDI) HDI HDI (%) HDI 1990 2000 2010 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2012 2017 a 1990 2000 2000 2010 2010 2017 1990 2017 180 0.209 0.298 0.403 0.412 0.427 0.432 0.435 0.437 1 3.61 3.09 1.13 2.77 181.. 0.387 0.407 0.420 0.431 0.432 0.432 0.435 2.. 0.50 0.97.. 182 0.231 0.308 0.403 0.408 0.414 0.418 0.421 0.427 0 2.92 2.72 0.81 2.30 183.. 0.286 0.375 0.394 0.405 0.412 0.420 0.423 2.. 2.74 1.76.. 184 0.275 0.284 0.385 0.407 0.423 0.413 0.413 0.419 0 0.32 3.10 1.20 1.57 185 0.297 0.303 0.395 0.408 0.421 0.418 0.418 0.417 3 0.23 2.68 0.77 1.27 186.. 0.299 0.371 0.391 0.403 0.407 0.405 0.404 0.. 2.20 1.22.. 187.... 0.413 0.388 0.397 0.399 0.394 0.388 0.... 0.91.. 188 0.317 0.309 0.351 0.365 0.349 0.357 0.362 0.367 0 0.26 1.27 0.64 0.54 189 0.210 0.252 0.318 0.336 0.345 0.347 0.351 0.354 0 1.82 2.35 1.54 1.95........................................................................................................................................................................ 0.787 0.831 0.873 0.880 0.887 0.890 0.892 0.894 0.55 0.50 0.34 0.48 0.571 0.635 0.718 0.732 0.745 0.750 0.754 0.757 1.06 1.24 0.76 1.05 0.462 0.523 0.596 0.613 0.627 0.634 0.641 0.645 1.25 1.32 1.13 1.24 0.351 0.387 0.472 0.486 0.495 0.498 0.501 0.504 1.00 1.99 0.93 1.35 0.515 0.570 0.642 0.657 0.669 0.673 0.678 0.681 1.03 1.20 0.84 1.04 0.557 0.613 0.675 0.686 0.690 0.694 0.697 0.699 0.95 0.96 0.51 0.84 0.517 0.597 0.692 0.707 0.720 0.725 0.730 0.733 1.45 1.48 0.83 1.30 0.653 0.668 0.733 0.749 0.761 0.764 0.767 0.771 0.23 0.94 0.71 0.62 0.626 0.686 0.731 0.740 0.751 0.754 0.757 0.758 0.92 0.65 0.51 0.71 0.439 0.503 0.584 0.602 0.618 0.625 0.634 0.638 1.38 1.51 1.26 1.39 0.398 0.421 0.498 0.514 0.526 0.531 0.534 0.537 0.57 1.70 1.09 1.12 0.346 0.400 0.484 0.499 0.511 0.515 0.519 0.524 1.47 1.93 1.14 1.55 0.572 0.606 0.659 0.661 0.667 0.673 0.674 0.676 0.58 0.84 0.38 0.62 0.785 0.835 0.874 0.880 0.886 0.890 0.893 0.895 0.62 0.45 0.33 0.49 0.598 0.642 0.698 0.709 0.718 0.722 0.726 0.728 0.72 0.84 0.60 0.73 2 http://hdr.undp. org/en/data a (HDI) HDI http://hdr.undp.org/sites/ default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf 1 HDI 1-8 (2017a) (2018) (2018b) (2018b)Barro Lee (2016) (2018) 9 4 8 10-13 123 8 2 1990 2017 29

3 (HDI) (IHDI) (%) a a HDI b (%) (%) (%) 3 HDI 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2015 2020 c 2017 2017 d 2017 2017 d 2017 2010 2017 e 2010 2017 e 2010 2017 e 1 0.953 0.876 8.0 1 7.9 2.7 0.933 6.1 0.859 14.9 0.839 4.1 1.0 27.5 2 0.944 0.871 7.8 2 7.5 3.5 0.942 2.4 0.876 16.8 0.799 5.2 1.3 32.5 3 0.939 0.861 8.2 4 8.0 3.6 0.935 2.6 0.904 17.7 0.755 5.8 1.4 34.7 4 0.938 0.854 9.0 7 8.6 2.8 0.922 2.9 0.891 20.1 0.759 5.1 1.2 31.9 f 5 0.936 0.861 8.1 2 7.8 3.0 0.913 2.7 0.915 17.7 0.763 5.1 1.2 31.7 6 0.935 0.878 6.0 5 5.9 2.4 0.945 2.6 0.889 12.8 0.807 3.6 0.9 25.6 7 0.933 0.809 13.3 14 12.7 2.5 0.961 10.2 0.768 25.6 0.716...... 7 0.933 0.864 7.4 1 7.2 2.7 0.937 3.7 0.870 15.3 0.789 4.6 1.0 29.2 9 0.932 0.816 12.5 10 11.9 2.6 0.947 8.2 0.764 25.0 0.750...... 10 0.931 0.857 7.9 0 7.8 3.0 0.925 5.3 0.858 15.0 0.792 4.4 1.1 29.3 f 11 0.929 0.860 7.5 2 7.4 3.4 0.905 4.3 0.880 14.4 0.798 4.0 1.0 28.2 12 0.926 0.852 8.0 0 7.7 4.3 0.921 1.4 0.887 17.4 0.758 6.2 1.3 34.0 13 0.924 0.797 13.8 11 13.1 5.6 0.865 5.5 0.853 28.1 0.685 9.4 2.0 41.5 14 0.922 0.835 9.4 3 9.1 4.0 0.912 3.7 0.880 19.5 0.726 5.4 1.3 33.2 15 0.920 0.868 5.6 10 5.5 2.8 0.920 1.9 0.887 11.7 0.802 3.9 1.0 27.1 16 0.917 0.846 7.7 3 7.5 4.3 0.913 1.7 0.901 16.4 0.736...... 17 0.916 0.836 8.7 1 8.7 3.6 0.909 8.7 0.815 13.7 0.788 4.2 1.0 27.7 17 0.916.......................... 19 0.909 0.876 3.6 16 3.6 2.9 0.955 1.6 0.835 6.3 0.844 5.4 f 1.2 f 32.1 f 20 0.908 0.835 8.0 2 7.8 3.0 0.922 2.6 0.830 17.7 0.760 4.9 1.1 f 30.5 21 0.904 0.811 10.3 0 10.1 3.4 0.921 9.4 0.718 17.7 0.805 5.0 1.2 31.2 f 22 0.903 0.787 12.8 6 12.2 3.3 0.932 7.0 0.813 26.4 0.644 9.8 2.0 41.4 22 0.903 0.773 14.3 8 14.0 3.2 0.929 18.5 0.702 20.2 0.709 5.3 1.2 31.6 24 0.901 0.808 10.3 1 10.1 3.6 0.930 8.6 0.768 18.1 0.739 5.2 1.3 32.7 f 25 0.896 0.846 5.6 11 5.5 3.0 0.912 2.2 0.866 11.4 0.766 3.7 0.9 25.4 26 0.891 0.754 15.4 12 14.9 3.0 0.945 18.6 0.671 23.3 0.676 7.3 1.5 36.2 27 0.888 0.840 5.3 11 5.2 3.3 0.876 1.6 0.879 10.8 0.771 3.7 0.9 25.9 28 0.880 0.771 12.3 4 11.9 2.9 0.944 10.5 0.708 22.5 0.687 6.6 1.4 34.7 29 0.878 0.805 8.3 5 8.2 4.0 0.901 6.9 0.762 13.7 0.761 4.4 f 1.1 29.0 f 30 0.871 0.794 8.8 3 8.5 4.3 0.850 2.3 0.849 18.9 0.694 5.4 1.2 32.7 31 0.870 0.753 13.5 8 13.1 3.5 0.912 13.1 0.728 22.8 0.642 7.1 1.5 36.0 32 0.869 0.769 11.5 1 11.3 3.6 0.900 11.7 0.714 18.7 0.707 5.3 1.4 34.0 33 0.865 0.787 9.0 5 8.8 4.7 0.847 4.7 0.825 17.1 0.697 5.0 1.2 31.8 34 0.863........ 5.2 0.837.............. 35 0.858............ 9.4 0.647.......... 35 0.858 0.757 11.7 1 11.3 5.4 0.797 4.5 0.840 23.9 0.649 7.2 1.6 37.4 37 0.856........ 5.9 0.844 11.4 0.619.......... 38 0.855 0.797 6.8 10 6.7 5.2 0.831 1.4 0.819 13.4 0.744 4.1 0.9 26.5 39 0.853........ 5.5 0.834.............. 39 0.853........ 8.9 0.767 16.2 0.660.......... 41 0.847 0.759 10.4 2 10.1 5.9 0.792 3.7 0.834 20.7 0.661 5.9 1.4 34.2 41 0.847 0.732 13.6 7 13.2 2.9 0.918 16.3 0.635 20.5 0.674 6.4 1.5 35.5 43 0.846........ 5.6 0.828 19.0 0.614.......... 44 0.843 0.710 15.7 7 14.9 6.1 0.863 7.5 0.741 31.1 0.561 11.2 2.8 47.7 45 0.838 0.772 7.8 8 7.7 4.7 0.822 3.2 0.789 15.2 0.710 4.9 1.1 30.4 46 0.831 0.756 9.0 4 8.8 4.1 0.853 5.0 0.752 17.3 0.675 5.2 1.1 30.8 47 0.825 0.707 14.3 6 13.9 9.5 0.790 6.2 0.765 25.8 0.585 9.5 2.1 42.4 48 0.821........ 7.1 0.818.............. 49 0.816 0.738 9.5 1 9.3 8.0 0.725 2.2 0.814 17.7 0.683 6.6 1.7 37.7 50 0.814 0.741 8.9 3 8.8 4.4 0.842 7.4 0.732 14.6 0.661 4.8 1.2 31.9 51 0.813 0.710 12.7 1 12.3 6.7 0.788 6.5 0.753 23.6 0.604 7.3 1.6 37.4 52 0.811 0.717 11.7 1 11.4 6.8 0.797 6.3 0.714 21.0 0.647 4.3 1.0 28.3 53 0.808 0.755 6.5 9 6.5 4.9 0.776 3.7 0.807 10.8 0.686 3.8 1.0 27.0 54 0.807........ 8.7 0.784 6.3 0.680.......... 55 0.804 0.689 14.3 4 13.9 9.0 0.807 7.4 0.679 25.3 0.598 7.9 1.8 39.7 56 0.803........ 6.3 0.790 17.8 0.510.......... 57 0.802........ 5.9 0.803 15.6 0.607.... 11.2 f 2.6 f 46.3 f 58 0.800 0.669 16.4 8 15.4 7.0 0.802 5.5 0.734 33.6 0.508...... 58 0.800 0.737 7.9 6 7.9 10.1 0.692 3.2 0.788 10.3 0.734 3.7 1.0 26.9 60 0.798 0.707 11.4 3 11.2 9.0 0.786 4.9 0.705 19.7 0.637 7.2 1.7 38.8 30 2018

2018 (HDI) (IHDI) (%) a a HDI b (%) (%) (%) HDI 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2015 2020 c 2017 2017 d 2017 2017 d 2017 2010 2017 e 2010 2017 e 2010 2017 e 60 0.798............ 1.9 0.828.......... 62 0.797........ 7.7 0.763.... 29.3 0.594 9.8 2.6 46.8 63 0.794 0.651 18.0 10 17.3 7.5 0.854 11.9 0.634 32.4 0.509 12.9 3.0 48.7 f 64 0.791 0.669 15.4 4 15.3 9.6 0.779 13.5 0.595 22.6 0.644 8.5 2.1 41.9 65 0.790 0.683 13.5 1 13.4 8.9 0.769 13.2 0.633 18.2 0.656 5.9 1.5 35.8 66 0.789 0.623 21.1 14 20.2 11.5 0.792 12.5 0.605 36.5 0.504 16.6 3.4 50.4 67 0.787 0.667 15.2 3 14.6 7.1 0.791 8.1 0.714 28.7 0.525 4.2 1.0 28.5 68 0.785 0.706 10.0 7 10.0 9.2 0.817 8.5 0.681 12.2 0.633 4.3 1.0 29.0 69 0.784........ 15.6 0.659.... 21.9 0.667...... 70 0.780........ 7.5 0.804.............. 70 0.780 0.682 12.6 4 12.0 8.1 0.756 2.2 0.826 25.7 0.508 6.5 1.5 36.5 72 0.778.......................... 73 0.777........ 5.3 0.873 10.9 0.695.......... 74 0.774 0.609 21.3 13 20.8 12.3 0.773 17.1 0.562 32.8 0.521 8.8 2.3 43.4 75 0.772........ 8.0 0.761.............. 76 0.770 0.664 13.8 0 13.6 7.1 0.793 12.8 0.653 21.0 0.564 6.8 1.9 39.8 77 0.768 0.649 15.5 2 15.3 5.9 0.826 19.8 0.576 20.2 0.574 5.3 1.3 32.7 78 0.761 0.636 16.5 4 16.2 10.5 0.754 12.9 0.645 25.2 0.528 15.8 f 2.8 f 46.9 f 79 0.759 0.578 23.9 17 23.2 10.8 0.765 22.0 0.535 36.7 0.471 15.6 3.5 51.3 80 0.757 0.681 10.0 9 9.9 17.0 0.666 3.8 0.682 8.9 0.695 2.3 f 0.6 f 16.6 f 80 0.757........ 6.7 0.858 6.2 0.598.... 5.1 1.2 31.8 80 0.757 0.661 12.6 3 12.4 6.5 0.803 10.5 0.618 20.3 0.582 7.3 1.4 35.6 83 0.755 0.680 10.0 10 9.8 9.0 0.767 2.9 0.727 17.4 0.563 5.1 1.3 32.5 83 0.755 0.636 15.7 0 15.5 9.3 0.774 13.3 0.573 23.8 0.581 6.5 1.7 37.8 85 0.754 0.598 20.7 9 20.1 15.1 0.735 33.7 0.441 11.4 0.660 4.0 1.0 27.6 86 0.752 0.643 14.5 5 14.2 7.9 0.799 11.5 0.571 23.3 0.582 9.2 2.1 42.2 86 0.752 0.603 19.8 7 19.4 13.9 0.749 13.8 0.601 30.5 0.487 10.7 2.4 45.0 88 0.751 0.701 6.6 20 6.5 7.5 0.742 3.6 0.766 8.5 0.608 3.5 0.9 25.0 89 0.750 0.606 19.2 2 18.9 13.2 0.737 15.3 0.583 28.3 0.517 10.6 2.3 43.8 90 0.747 0.571 23.6 12 22.9 13.2 0.729 19.4 0.545 36.2 0.468 14.3 3.4 50.8 90 0.747 0.622 16.7 3 16.3 9.0 0.780 12.6 0.591 27.4 0.522...... 92 0.741........ 10.9 0.691........ 5.8 1.6 36.4 92 0.741 0.639 13.7 10 13.7 13.4 0.659 11.9 0.675 15.7 0.588 5.1 1.3 32.3 94 0.736 0.581 21.0 3 20.8 15.4 0.703 19.1 0.520 28.1 0.536 10.4 2.5 45.3 95 0.735 0.617 16.1 6 16.0 10.7 0.748 16.9 0.591 20.5 0.531 5.2 1.4 33.7 95 0.735 0.573 22.0 7 21.4 10.7 0.769 34.6 0.431 18.9 0.568 6.4 1.5 35.8 97 0.732 0.608 17.0 6 16.2 11.0 0.768 5.6 0.652 32.0 0.448...... 98 0.726........ 13.0 0.712 4.5 0.736.... 6.7 f 1.6 f 37.5 f 99 0.723........ 11.9 0.722.............. 100 0.720 0.557 22.6 8 21.8 12.4 0.694 15.6 0.537 37.3 0.463...... 101 0.717........ 18.6 0.596........ 23.2 f 5.8 f 60.5 f 101 0.717 0.549 23.4 9 22.0 5.7 0.836 40.0 0.336 20.5 0.590 7.0 f 1.7 f 38.4 f 103 0.715.......................... 104 0.713........ 11.4 0.753 4.9 0.658.... 7.7 f 2.1 f 42.0 f 105 0.710........ 17.0 0.657 0.8 0.712.......... 106 0.708 0.550 22.3 7 21.3 10.1 0.700 15.9 0.593 37.9 0.401...... 106 0.708.......................... 108 0.706........ 14.1 0.689.............. 108 0.706 0.575 18.5 2 17.9 23.4 0.565 3.6 0.604 26.8 0.558...... 110 0.702 0.545 22.3 8 22.3 23.1 0.550 23.5 0.481 20.4 0.613 8.4 f 2.1 f 42.2 f 110 0.702 0.522 25.5 11 24.8 18.0 0.671 16.7 0.525 39.5 0.404 11.8 2.9 47.9 112 0.700 0.627 10.4 18 10.3 9.6 0.719 7.3 0.658 14.0 0.522 3.7 0.9 26.3 113 0.699 0.574 17.9 5 17.6 14.4 0.648 11.6 0.584 26.8 0.500 7.2 1.9 40.1 113 0.699 0.467 33.2 17 30.3 20.3 0.532 14.3 0.607 56.4 0.315 28.4 7.0 63.0 f 115 0.696 0.493 29.2 10 28.3 11.6 0.703 36.9 0.381 36.3 0.446 4.6 1.3 31.8 116 0.694 0.563 18.8 4 18.7 14.8 0.647 16.5 0.520 24.9 0.532 6.6 1.8 39.5 116 0.694 0.574 17.3 8 17.3 12.7 0.758 17.6 0.515 21.4 0.483 5.9 1.4 34.8 118 0.693 0.514 25.8 4 25.7 25.2 0.569 20.0 0.549 31.8 0.434 12.6 2.4 44.6 119 0.686 0.583 15.0 15 14.9 12.2 0.725 14.1 0.566 18.5 0.483 5.5 1.4 34.4 120 0.685 0.546 20.4 3 20.2 17.3 0.637 27.2 0.389 16.1 0.656 4.4 1.1 29.5 3 3 31

3 (HDI) (IHDI) (%) a a HDI b (%) (%) (%) 3 HDI 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2015 2020 c 2017 2017 d 2017 2017 d 2017 2010 2017 e 2010 2017 e 2010 2017 e 121 0.674 0.524 22.3 1 21.9 12.2 0.726 30.3 0.404 23.2 0.490 7.9 1.9 40.0 122 0.672 0.606 9.8 22 9.8 12.1 0.691 5.0 0.698 12.2 0.462 3.7 1.0 26.8 123 0.667........ 14.0 0.742........ 7.4 f 2.0 f 40.7 f 124 0.658 0.507 22.9 0 22.6 12.9 0.746 25.7 0.415 29.2 0.421 10.2 2.6 46.2 125 0.654........ 13.3 0.707 23.7 0.423.... 10.7 f 2.7 f 47.2 f 125 0.654 0.532 18.6 5 18.4 19.5 0.579 10.7 0.532 25.1 0.488...... 127 0.650 0.467 28.2 5 27.7 16.0 0.693 35.0 0.335 32.2 0.439 11.9 2.9 48.3 127 0.650 0.562 13.6 12 13.4 20.1 0.630 6.5 0.616 13.5 0.457 5.6 1.4 34.0 129 0.647 0.422 34.8 13 32.9 20.2 0.551 25.0 0.428 53.6 0.318 20.1 f 5.8 f 61.0 f 130 0.640 0.468 26.8 1 26.3 21.4 0.590 38.7 0.341 18.8 0.509 5.3 1.5 35.1 131 0.627........ 19.0 0.615.... 26.4 0.406 8.4 1.8 40.1 132 0.625 0.452 27.7 6 26.4 20.6 0.601 44.9 0.278 13.6 0.552 4.1 1.1 28.7 133 0.617 0.459 25.6 4 25.2 18.1 0.678 22.7 0.388 34.9 0.368 16.9 3.4 50.0 134 0.612 0.446 27.2 5 26.4 17.8 0.639 41.7 0.259 19.6 0.533 6.9 1.8 38.8 134 0.612........ 24.5 0.540 21.4 0.488.... 6.7 f 1.6 f 37.0 f 136 0.608 0.462 24.1 1 23.4 17.3 0.672 37.3 0.319 15.7 0.459 4.8 1.3 32.4 137 0.606 0.469 22.6 6 22.6 25.1 0.520 21.5 0.413 21.2 0.481 12.8 3.1 48.9 138 0.603 0.499 17.1 10 17.1 14.1 0.692 17.5 0.437 19.7 0.412 6.7 1.7 37.6 139 0.601 0.445 26.1 2 25.8 23.1 0.556 34.1 0.320 20.3 0.494 5.9 1.6 36.4 140 0.592 0.420 28.9 5 28.8 26.2 0.489 34.9 0.363 25.3 0.419 8.9 2.1 42.4 141 0.591........ 35.0 0.379.............. 142 0.590 0.434 26.4 1 26.3 22.8 0.562 22.9 0.425 33.1 0.342 11.5 f 2.9 f 48.5 f 143 0.589 0.473 19.8 12 19.7 25.9 0.533 18.3 0.455 14.9 0.435 4.7 1.2 30.8 144 0.588 0.414 29.7 3 29.4 26.2 0.434 24.1 0.401 37.9 0.406 14.2 f 3.5 f 51.5 f 144 0.588 0.388 34.1 6 33.0 28.8 0.463 21.7 0.454 48.6 0.278 21.1 5.0 57.1 146 0.582 0.469 19.4 14 19.2 16.0 0.638 27.3 0.354 14.3 0.457...... 147 0.581 0.393 32.4 2 32.3 33.8 0.426 34.3 0.327 28.9 0.436 9.0 f 2.2 f 42.7 f 148 0.578 0.466 19.4 11 18.9 24.0 0.547 26.9 0.324 5.8 0.572 6.3 1.7 38.1 149 0.574 0.427 25.6 5 24.6 16.6 0.649 40.9 0.296 16.3 0.405 5.0 1.3 32.8 150 0.562 0.387 31.0 1 29.6 31.0 0.495 46.2 0.221 11.6 0.531 4.4 1.2 30.7 151 0.556 0.366 34.2 4 34.2 33.7 0.393 33.0 0.367 35.9 0.339 11.5 2.7 46.6 152 0.546........ 15.9 0.660........ 6.4 1.6 37.1 153 0.544........ 25.3 0.525 11.5 0.381.... 9.3 f 2.1 f 41.9 f 154 0.538 0.404 24.8 4 24.8 24.9 0.535 27.0 0.322 22.4 0.384 6.2 1.7 37.8 155 0.536........ 13.0 0.682.............. 156 0.535........ 26.6 0.471 16.8 0.464.... 8.6 2.2 43.2 157 0.532 0.347 34.7 6 34.6 37.4 0.326 38.1 0.299 28.2 0.429 9.1 f 2.2 f 43.0 f 158 0.524 0.367 30.0 0 29.8 23.8 0.557 29.3 0.318 36.4 0.278 11.0 3.2 50.4 159 0.520 0.359 31.0 1 30.5 28.5 0.380 21.9 0.392 41.1 0.310 20.8 4.3 54.2 159 0.520 0.348 33.0 3 32.7 32.6 0.450 40.8 0.230 24.6 0.408 5.4 1.3 32.6 161 0.519 0.385 25.9 5 25.6 21.3 0.561 35.0 0.324 20.4 0.313 8.7 2.1 42.6 162 0.516 0.370 28.3 5 28.2 32.5 0.417 27.9 0.378 24.2 0.321 7.6 2.0 41.0 163 0.515 0.326 36.6 6 36.3 35.0 0.412 43.7 0.265 30.3 0.319 16.3 2.9 47.8 164 0.505 0.340 32.6 1 31.7 21.1 0.576 46.5 0.197 27.7 0.347 7.7 1.9 40.3 165 0.503 0.275 45.3 18 44.2 28.9 0.480 47.6 0.248 56.0 0.175 11.2 2.5 45.3 165 0.503 0.344 31.7 1 31.5 30.5 0.433 38.9 0.309 25.1 0.303 9.7 2.2 43.1 167 0.502 0.328 34.7 1 34.5 27.9 0.496 42.5 0.189 33.0 0.376 6.2 f 1.4 f 35.4 f 168 0.498 0.350 29.6 7 28.2 28.4 0.485 45.4 0.227 10.8 0.391...... 168 0.498 0.304 39.0 7 38.4 28.6 0.479 38.3 0.267 48.4 0.219 8.6 2.0 41.1 170 0.492 0.311 36.9 1 36.3 34.2 0.345 47.4 0.223 27.4 0.389 8.4 2.0 41.5 171 0.477 0.332 30.4 5 30.4 30.3 0.468 28.4 0.323 32.4 0.242 9.4 2.5 45.5 172 0.476 0.306 35.8 1 35.2 30.8 0.454 47.0 0.164 27.7 0.385 10.2 2.3 44.1 173 0.463 0.331 28.4 6 27.3 24.9 0.530 43.5 0.185 13.4 0.372 7.1 1.8 39.1 174 0.460 0.289 37.2 4 36.4 28.5 0.456 49.3 0.189 31.5 0.281 5.9 1.5 35.9 175 0.459 0.306 33.4 2 32.2 31.2 0.430 48.3 0.175 17.1 0.379 5.5 1.3 33.7 176 0.457 0.319 30.3 6 30.2 36.1 0.394 26.3 0.365 28.2 0.225 8.8 2.1 42.1 177 0.455 0.276 39.4 5 39.4 38.4 0.358 41.9 0.228 37.9 0.257 12.6 3.3 50.7 178 0.452 0.308 31.9 6 30.9 24.9 0.522 46.1 0.188 21.8 0.297 6.1 1.6 36.7 179 0.440........ 21.4 0.551.............. 180 0.437 0.294 32.7 2 32.6 35.6 0.385 33.8 0.255 28.4 0.259 14.2 3.9 54.0 181 0.435 0.298 31.6 4 31.0 27.5 0.480 42.9 0.248 22.7 0.221 5.4 1.3 33.2 32 2018

2018 (HDI) (IHDI) (%) a a HDI b (%) (%) (%) HDI 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2015 2020 c 2017 2017 d 2017 2017 d 2017 2010 2017 e 2010 2017 e 2010 2017 e 182 0.427 0.282 34.0 1 32.8 36.8 0.374 46.2 0.158 15.4 0.380 5.2 f 1.3 f 33.0 f 183 0.423 0.288 32.1 3 31.8 32.0 0.427 39.2 0.174 24.2 0.321 5.3 1.5 35.3 184 0.419 0.266 36.5 1 35.4 39.8 0.298 47.3 0.206 19.2 0.307 5.4 1.4 34.0 185 0.417 0.278 33.3 3 32.8 38.1 0.361 39.5 0.256 20.9 0.233 6.7 1.7 38.6 186 0.404 0.249 38.3 1 37.9 42.4 0.294 43.0 0.170 28.4 0.310 10.0 2.2 43.3 187 0.388 0.247 36.3 1 36.3 37.0 0.361 39.6 0.180 32.3 0.232 13.0 f 2.7 f 46.3 f 188 0.367 0.212 42.1 1 41.8 41.7 0.295 34.5 0.223 49.2 0.145 18.5 f 4.5 f 56.2 f 189 0.354 0.250 29.3 3 28.8 34.9 0.405 35.0 0.139 16.4 0.278 5.4 1.4 34.3............ 11.6 0.706.................................................................................................................... 38.9 0.345.............................. 10.5.. 23.4 0.472 7.0 1.8 39.1 0.894 0.799 10.7 10.4 5.0 0.870 6.3 0.810 20.1 0.723 0.757 0.636 16.0 15.7 9.2 0.782 13.1 0.579 24.8 0.569 0.645 0.483 25.1 24.9 20.3 0.602 33.1 0.372 21.2 0.503 0.504 0.347 31.1 30.9 31.2 0.431 37.0 0.263 24.6 0.368 0.681 0.531 22.0 21.9 17.4 0.644 25.3 0.435 23.1 0.535 0.699 0.523 25.1 24.8 15.7 0.668 32.6 0.381 26.1 0.564 0.733 0.619 15.6 15.4 10.0 0.757 13.1 0.548 23.1 0.572 0.771 0.681 11.7 11.6 10.9 0.732 7.2 0.680 16.7 0.633 0.758 0.593 21.8 21.2 12.1 0.753 18.4 0.558 33.2 0.496 0.638 0.471 26.1 25.6 21.4 0.596 37.7 0.338 17.6 0.519 0.537 0.372 30.8 30.7 30.8 0.434 33.7 0.308 27.7 0.385 0.524 0.375 28.5 28.2 27.1 0.502 36.2 0.274 21.4 0.382 0.676 0.508 24.9 24.5 17.8 0.646 20.9 0.475 34.9 0.427 0.895 0.788 11.9 11.6 5.3 0.883 7.7 0.785 21.7 0.708 0.728 0.582 20.0 19.9 15.2 0.681 22.0 0.493 22.6 0.588 3 a http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/ihdi b (IHDI) c (2017a) 2015-2020 d 2017 e f 2010 (HDI) HDI http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/ hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf 1 (IHDI) HDI http://hdr.undp.org/sites/ default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf 2 (%) HDI IHDI HDI IHDI (Atkinson) HDI (Atkinson) HDI (Atkinson) HDI 20% 20% 10% 40% (2011) 0 100 1 (2017a) (2018) (2018b) (2018b)Barro Lee (2016) (2018) 2 2 ( http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_ technical_notes.pdf) 3 1 2 4 HDI 5 2 ( http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_ technical_notes.pdf) 6 (2017a) 7 HDI 8 10 2 http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_ technical_notes.pdf ICFMacro 9 HDI 11 HDI 12 13 (2018a) 14 (2018a) 3 33

4 (HDI) SDG 3 SDG 4.3 SDG 4.6 SDG 8.5 a 2011 b HDI 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 c 2017 c 2017 c 2017 c 2017 2017 4 1 0.991 1 0.945 0.953 84.2 80.5 18.6 d 17.2 12.6 12.5 60,153 75,731 e 2 0.987 1 0.937 0.949 85.3 81.5 16.1 16.3 13.9 12.9 47,938 67,490 3 0.975 2 0.926 0.950 85.0 81.2 23.3 d 22.5 d 12.9 12.8 35,323 51,857 4 0.979 1 0.926 0.946 83.6 79.7 19.7 d 19.5 d 12.7 f 12.1 f 42,771 64,916 5 0.967 2 0.919 0.951 83.5 78.9 16.9 17.0 13.6 14.5 37,689 54,843 6 0.966 2 0.920 0.952 84.4 81.5 20.5 d 18.2 d 12.3 f 12.7 f 38,004 53,562 7 0.965 2 0.916 0.949 87.1 81.2 16.3 16.4 11.6 12.5 43,813 75,577 e 7 0.992 1 0.927 0.934 84.3 80.9 18.4 d 16.9 12.5 12.3 41,743 53,777 9 0.982 1 0.922 0.939 85.2 81.1 16.4 g 16.0 g 11.0 12.1 69,508 95,809 e 10 0.966 2 0.913 0.944 83.7 80.3 18.3 d 17.8 11.9 12.5 38,767 57,123 11 0.980 1 0.919 0.938 82.8 79.0 19.8 d 18.4 d 12.7 h 12.4 h 40,293 55,624 12 0.986 1 0.916 0.930 84.4 80.7 16.9 f 16.0 f 13.3 12.9 34,928 52,070 13 0.992 1 0.919 0.926 81.8 77.3 17.2 15.7 13.4 13.3 43,899 66,208 14 0.960 2 0.903 0.941 83.4 79.9 17.9 17.0 12.8 h 13.5 h 28,043 50,485 15 1.000 1 0.917 0.917 84.3 78.7 18.4 d 16.9 12.6 12.3 34,504 47,691 16 0.966 2 0.900 0.932 83.7 80.4 19.7 d 18.0 12.7 12.5 25,872 42,339 17 0.971 2 0.901 0.928 83.6 78.9 20.8 d 18.8 d 11.6 11.9 33,260 51,302 17............ 13.4 16.1........ 19 0.975 1 0.894 0.917 87.1 80.7 15.2 15.3 12.9 i 12.5 i 27,209 51,326 20 0.971 2 0.893 0.920 84.1 79.4 16.4 15.8 11.8 12.6 35,626 55,591 21 0.969 2 0.888 0.916 84.1 79.8 14.1 13.9 11.7 h 12.4 h 51,154 78,737 e 22 0.975 2 0.890 0.913 84.3 80.9 16.5 15.3 13.0 13.0 24,620 40,910 22 0.932 3 0.866 0.929 85.3 79.2 15.9 17.1 11.4 12.9 22,572 49,297 24 0.987 1 0.894 0.906 85.6 79.8 16.8 16.0 11.3 11.8 32,518 46,218 25 1.003 1 0.898 0.895 83.9 78.3 18.0 16.5 12.2 12.3 26,898 34,341 26 0.979 1 0.879 0.898 86.0 80.5 18.2 d 17.5 9.7 10.0 26,954 41,850 27 0.986 1 0.881 0.894 81.7 76.0 17.6 16.1 12.6 13.1 23,224 38,206 28 0.967 2 0.863 0.893 85.3 80.9 16.6 15.9 10.0 h 10.4 h 25,767 45,326 29 0.960 2 0.858 0.893 82.6 79.4 16.4 15.4 11.0 11.6 24,255 44,446 30 1.019 1 0.876 0.860 82.0 73.0 16.9 15.3 13.0 12.2 21,896 37,043 31 0.964 2 0.853 0.885 83.9 78.9 17.0 17.5 10.5 11.0 19,658 29,796 32 0.984 1 0.861 0.875 82.8 78.5 15.0 14.2 12.0 12.2 26,580 36,543 33 1.006 1 0.866 0.861 81.6 73.9 17.3 15.6 12.3 12.3 20,367 32,343 34 0.968 2 0.832 0.859 78.9 76.7 14.3 13.4 11.9 j 9.7 j 24,973 84,130 e 35................ 10.1 10.2.... 35 1.026 2 0.868 0.846 80.0 69.4 16.6 15.7 13.0 13.0 24,366 32,934 37 1.031 2 0.870 0.843 80.0 77.6 14.8 12.0 10.8 9.5 59,164 135,961 e 38 0.991 1 0.850 0.858 80.4 73.4 15.5 14.4 12.3 12.6 22,600 36,726 39 0.990 1 0.846 0.854 79.1 75.8 14.8 14.1 9.0 i 9.1 i 63,939 88,204 e 39 0.877 5 0.782 0.892 76.5 73.4 16.0 17.8 8.8 h 9.9 h 17,422 73,945 41 1.030 2 0.858 0.834 79.4 69.7 16.5 15.1 13.2 h 12.5 h 20,822 29,924 41 0.983 1 0.839 0.853 84.2 78.4 16.2 16.4 9.2 9.2 23,095 32,013 43 0.931 3 0.805 0.865 78.1 76.2 16.6 15.6 9.3 j 9.5 j 18,774 55,130 44 0.961 2 0.823 0.856 82.1 77.2 16.7 16.2 10.2 10.5 15,137 28,809 45 0.985 1 0.830 0.843 79.4 72.5 15.4 14.8 11.7 12.1 19,931 31,413 46 0.991 1 0.828 0.835 81.0 74.5 15.7 14.3 11.2 j 11.7 j 17,507 27,164 47 0.997 1 0.816 0.819 80.4 73.0 18.7 16.2 10.1 j 9.7 j 12,395 24,789 48 0.942 3 0.781 0.829 79.7 75.6 14.7 13.4 10.4 9.2 11,246 49,282 49 1.019 1 0.823 0.808 76.8 65.6 15.9 15.2 12.0 h 12.1 h 19,510 29,671 50 0.956 2 0.794 0.831 79.6 74.9 15.2 14.7 10.7 h 12.0 h 12,967 20,692 51 0.990 1 0.808 0.816 78.4 71.5 15.0 14.6 11.9 11.8 14,777 22,930 52 0.985 1 0.804 0.817 79.0 72.1 14.6 13.9 10.6 11.3 18,217 27,358 53 1.020 1 0.814 0.799 78.5 67.5 15.9 15.1 12.2 12.4 13,479 19,592 54........ 78.8 72.7.... 11.5 h 10.5 h 22,156 31,397 55 1.014 1 0.807 0.796 81.0 74.0 16.9 15.0 9.0 8.4 15,282 24,905 56 0.990 1 0.791 0.799 76.1 73.9 14.3 12.9 8.0 6.9 39,570 93,476 e 57 0.976 1 0.791 0.810 77.9 73.3 14.1 13.3 10.0 h 10.3 h 20,004 31,826 58 1.015 1 0.805 0.792 78.4 73.6 16.7 13.9 10.6 k 10.4 k 13,509 18,384 58 1.007 1 0.801 0.795 74.8 65.3 15.5 14.8 11.8 i 11.7 i 16,814 28,815 34 2018