* 52 1993~2006 30 Haus mann 52 1993~2006 2000, (Rodrik,2006),, ( ;2008), (hold up) (Nunn,2007),, (,2008) (Rodrik,2006;,2008;,2008;,2008),, Krugman (1980) Ricardo Hausmann (2003) 1,,,,, Ricardo Hausmann, 2003 (degree of sophistication) (2005 ), :,, (international specialization pattern) - 44 - * ( :07&ZD008) ( :NCET-07-0746) ( :08N48)
( ) 2010 3,, ( ), (Sanjaya Lall, et al.,2006),,, :,,, :, Peter K. Schott(2006),,,Sanjaya Lall(2006), Sanjaya Lall 1999~2000, (2006),, SITC Rev 2 (3-digit level) (4-digit level) 1999~2000 ;,, Hausmann, (2005) (knowledge spillovers), (specialization patterns),,,,dani Rodrik(2006),,,, :(1) (14 30, ),, ;(2) Penal data Dani Rodrik(2006) Hausmann(2005) 3 1992 ;(3),,, : Peter K. Schott(2006) (market share), ;, OECD, ; (2008) Hausmann(2005) OECD (limited catch- up index, Dani Rodrik(2006) 1992, 52 LCI), 112, :, ;, - 45 -
52,PRODY i, i i GDP (,2007), 2006 (1) 15%,, 1 2, (, GDP ), 1993~2006, 9675.14 2 NBER,1993 20708.4, 1993~2006 2006 34864, 14155.6 3 stata ;,, : 7387.07,,2003~2006,, 108.77%;, 28450 27875 27892 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 80 11422.7 13056.1 13870.7 14389.4 15584.9 15239.5 15841.7 15821.8 71 10981.2 11235.9 12450.2 12940.1 14343.3 15723 16125.8 17724.8 72 12696.2 12518.1 12721.5 13714.2 13844.3 14066.8 14797.8 15284.1 73 11280.3 12471.7 13492.6 13667.9 14103.9 13989.2 14947 15824.5 74 10599.3 11005.4 11738.3 12191.2 12978.1 13523.2 14139.9 14815.7 75 20708.4 21997.5 21815.2 22517.7 24988.1 26718.4 27631 28335.7 76 12702.6 13136.9 13193.2 13200.7 13254 14192.6 14148.4 15072.1 78 17658.4 18807.4 16507.9 15858 14111.5 10961.7 12642.5 14833.7 79 14503.5 14573 16606.5 15862 17969.1 14086.7 15395 20213.5 13617 14311.3 14710.7 14926.8 15686.4 15389 16185.4 17547.3 20133 22209 22568 24037 25334 25378 25184 26497 :80 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 79 : NBER Rodrik(2006),, GDP, GDP,, GDP 4 Hausmann(2005) ( GDP),,, i, 2 2001~2006 (1) : PRODY i,x, c,m HS2,Y C c GDP, Y n, i, i, 74.15% : 103.94%, 28779, 100 35.8%,,, NBER HS6, HS (2-digit level), (1-digit level) 1 1993~1999-46 - 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 80 16355.4 15670.6 18307.1 20100.9 21682.5 23295.2 11872.4 103.94 71 18116.1 17863.5 18898.3 19879.6 21609.5 22925.1 11943.8 108.77 72 15121.9 14737.6 16340.2 17515.4 18975.9 20083.3 7387.07 58.18 73 16444.6 16413.1 18378.8 19224 20070.4 21648.8 10368.5 91.92 74 14681.9 15428.4 17125.2 17960.8 18324.3 19091.7 8492.4 80.12 75 29121.8 28901.4 29833.3 32118.3 33989.9 34864 14155.6 68.36 76 15153.9 16110.6 16534.7 17661.9 17657 19085.1 6382.55 50.25 78 18313.6 24529.3 26710.2 23166.6 28182.1 23980.1 6321.73 35.8 79 18612.8 18339.4 20083 20055.3 20686.7 24655.7 10152.2 69.99 17991.3 18666 20245.6 20853.6 22353.1 23292.1 9675.14 74.15 25727 28881 28450 27875 27892 28778 8645 42.94 : 1993~2006, % : NBER
( ) 2010 3,,,,1998~2000,,, Rodrik, (2006) GDP 5, (Dani Rodrik, 2006; Peter K.,, : Schott,2006; Zhi Wang & Shang-Jin Wei, 2008; :PRODYI n (2) n, i n Hausmann (2005), :,,, 52 6, (2) 52 ( 3) 3, ( ),1996 1999 2002 2005 2006 ( ), (SWE) (NED) (DEN) Bin Xu & Jiangyong Lu, 2009),,, 3 1996 1999 2002 2005 2006 1 18607.4 20572.4 19968.2 28105.1 28595.3 2 16696 16691.4 18401.1 22879.8 25759.3 3 15169.5 16687.4 18187.8 22162 24431.2 4 14000.1 16104.6 17846.3 21595.4 23029 5 13979.7 15900.6 17519.3 21529 22907.2 6 13951.5 15889.3 17451.9 21148.5 22490.2 7 13928.4 15878.7 17385.1 20996.7 22284.8 8 13925.4 15875.6! 17320.2 20972.6! 22278 9 "# 13899.4 15800.2 $% 17219.8! 20935.8 22216 10 & ( 13878.1 15760.3 17207.6 20777.1 22203.4 11 )( 13795.4 $% 15710.7 *+, 17171.4 *+, 20736 22129.4 12-13790.5. 15666.5 17112.7 $% 20731.4. 22003.7 13 &/# 13789.5 15571.7 0 16976.6 &/# 20726.3 $% 21952.4 14 1 13774.6! 15466.7 023 16879.4. 20672.5 456 21918.9 15 789 13767.6 :;< 15436.7. 16874.5 20647.6 = 21806.2 16 +> 13740.5 "# 15415.5 +> 16599.4 456 20610.4?@ 21728.9 17 AB 13735.4 *+, 15375.1 16539?@ 20271.9 &/# 21587.4 18 CD 13730.7-15345.5-16520.1-20215.3-21582.4 19 13716 15292.1 7EF 16481.1 <G(+ 19989.8 023 21555.8 20 H# 13700.6 0 15270 I 16433.7 = 19964.2 21554.3 21 J 13689.1 J 15265.6 K 16222.7 1 19925.8 1 21526.8 22 L 13676.9 456 15247.4 :;< 16216.3 19916.7 *+, 21439.6 23 456 13661.3 <G(+ 15202.1 AB 16133.7 19913.8 M$ 21419.7 24 N 13652.6 I 15188.6 OPQ 16132.1 M$ 19845.6 "# 21233.8 25. 13644.7 1 15162.8 16100.7 AB 19830.3 21230.8 26 13644.2 +> 15155.1 456 16071.5 I 19821.9 RS 21187.4 27 OPQ 13627.3 7EF 15118.6 16066.8 +> 19793.7 AB 21186.1 28 RS 13622.3 & ( 15118.3 1 16047.3 "# 19775.3 +> 21179 29 T 13616.9 T 15095.5 M$ 16044.1 OPQ 19755.7 K 21159.4 30?@ 13613.9 &/# 15043.3?@ 16025.8 K 19754 <G(+ 21120.5 31 7EF 13613.2?@ 15029.2 J 15994.4 RS 19739.1 J 21040.5 32 U 13590.6 AB 15023.7 <G(+ 15959 T 19678.5 I 21026.4 33 VWX 13584.4 K 15020.7 ( 15938.2 J 19662.9 21007.9 34 0 13579.2 )( 14978.4 )Y 15928.6 19533.6 T 21001.9 35 M$ 13570 M$ 14967.6 RS 15926.7 023 19526.8 OPQ 20995.8 36 * 13544.1 023 14929.6 N 15877.5 N 19491.5 N 20722.9 37 *+, 13508.4 U 14915.9 T 15753.9 ( 19463.6 )( 20662.8 38 Z[\ 13476.3 RS 14884.9 789 15730.3 U 19432.1 7EF 20657.5 39 ]^ 13467.6 OPQ 14859.4 = 15727.7 7EF 19384.3 :;< 20641.5 40 <G(+ 13371.3 N 14857.2 * 15703.7 & ( 19259.5 ( 20531.2 41-4930.5-5551.7-3745.5-8351.1-7435.9 42-601.915-964.85-1082.06-1529.37-1541.29 : 1993~2006,, 1996 1999 2002 2005 2006 40,41,42 20 ( ) : NBER - 47 -
20, ( ), 1993 7.187 2006,,1996 4930.5 2006 7435.9, Rodrik (2006) Bin Xu Jiangyong Lu(2009) 20 ( ), Peter K. Schott(2006),1996, 601.915 2006 1541.29, :, GDP, 8 OECD,, 1,, Dani Rodrik (2006) Peter K. Schott 5.802, OECD, OECD 0.95, (2006) GDP 0.589 (2005 ) GDP OECD, 4, :,,1993 0.118, 2006 0.255, 1993~1995,, Rodrik(2006), Dani GDP Rodrik(2006) 7,, ( OECD GDP ),, ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÆÇÆÇ, GDP Juan Carlos Hallak Peter K. Schott (2008) 1993 7.223 2006 8.443 :,,,, 1993 5.886 2006 2.762, Bin Xu Jiangyong Lu(2009) 4 1993~2006 GDP, 7, 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 7.223 7.642 8.055 8.253 8.408 8.73 8.61 8.194 8.443 7.187 7.004 7.091 7.029 7.061 6.59 6.233 6.081 5.802 5.886 5.272 4.649 4.192 3.755 3.429 3.148 2.922 2.762,Wang Wei(2007) 1996~2004 4.93 4.797 4.482 5.362 5.236 5.279 5.189 5.059 4.971, 4.427 4.642 4.461 4.397 4.165 4.205 4.292 4.333 4.29 3.836 4.064 4.31 4.948 4.58 4.545 4.447 4.25 4.481 ;Bin 3.71 3.927 3.794 4.015 4.013 4.056 4.059 4.01 4.005 Xu Jiangyong Lu(2009),,, 1 OECD,, : Bin Xu Jiangyong Lu(2009),, - 48 -
( ) 2010 3, (panel data model),, 9 LNPRODYI? a? X??? (3) i? N t? T X it =(LNEX it,lnpgdp it,lnp it ), (national characteristic),lnex LNPGDP LNP (Hausmann et al.,2005;dani Rodrik,2006;Peter K. GDP Schott,2006),,β it =(β 1it,β 2it,,β Kit ),K,,T,N, μ it,, LNPRODYI it,,,, Juan Carlos Hallak Peter K. Schott(2008), LLC IPS Fisher-ADF, Fisher-PP,,, ( ), (quality) (quality adjusted-price), GDP, 52 :2005,, GDP 15000,,, GDP GDP 15000 10,, 30,22 5 Eviewer6.0 LLC IPS Fisher -ADF Fisher -PP LNPRODYI 7.865371.0000 14.09511.0000 9.094851.0000 10.38701.0000 DLNPRODYI -27.97560.0000-21.19980.0000 528.9680.0000 596.7950.0000 5 LNEX -0.52802(0.2987) 2.44999(0.9929) 95.7393(0.6557) 91.6127(0.7600) DLNEX -21.99340.0000-16.81450.0000 426.1600.0000 486.1580.0000 3 LNPGDP 7.133221.0000 13.24981.0000 28.47651.0000 27.92741.0000 DLNPGDP -9.713160.0000-6.395230.0000 201.5830.0000 241.1250.0000, LNP -5.785251.0000-5.724071.0000 10.90820.2312 16.62010.1458 GDP D LNP DLNPRODYI -32.01340.0000-22.14840.0000-24.41120.0000-16.79190.0000 596.8340.0000 319.5000.0000 798.4130.0000 360.6510.0000 LNPRODYI LNEX 6.702271.0000 0.73923(0.7701) 10.78691.0000 2.77629(0.9973) 6.934131.0000 40.4022(0.9755) 7.198191.0000 37.7099(0.9892) LLC IPS Fisher - ADF Fisher-PP DLNEX -15.79190.0000-11.23690.0000 220.8690.0000 234.4100.0000, LNPGDP LNP 3.928241.0000-3.594961.0000 9.240391.0000-4.471381.0000 21.03861.0000 21.4054(0.1198) 21.30321.0000 24.7095(0.2215) DLNPGDP D LNP -7.713710.0000-24.68710.0000-5.586600.0000-19.50430.0000 126.9600.0000 363.5550.0000 135.0440.0000 488.1750.0000 : 1% LNPRODYI 3.488110.9998 8.548961.0000 2.258551.0000 3.233731.0000 DLNPRODYI -17.72430.0000-13.38700.0000 215.7760.0000 243.3580.0000 LNEX -1.139790.1272 0.894260.8144 50.94320.1622 49.80910.1905 DLNEX -15.19630.0000-12.42110.0000 200.1320.0000 246.3380.0000, LNPGDP LNP 6.560121.0000-5.473831.0000 9.292021.0000-4.257931.0000 11.80551.0000 58.50650.1328 11.81961.0000 10.75370.1279 DLNPGDP D LNP -6.652340.0000-21.85270.0000-3.936030.0000-15.88030.0000 84.27030.0001 248.5510.0000 128.1720.0000 327.3180.0000,, :, <0.01 1%, <0.05 5%, <0.1 10% ( ),D 1,..., ; 1,...ÁÂÁÂÁÂÁÂÁÂ - 49 -
Pedroni F2 25.174 12.529 58.223, (1999) 7 Kao(1999) ADF 4,, F1 6 : : GDP 0.9052 0.9116 0.7381, 3 0.6716 0.4944 0.5547, 5 4 4,1%,,,3 P (2006) /, Hausman, 3,, Hausman, :1%,,,,, :, : Y=a i +X it β i +μ it,i=1,,n;t=1, T (4), : Y=a i +X it β+μ it,i=1,,n;t=1, T (5), : Y=a+X it β i +μ it,i=1,,n;t=1, T (6),, : : 1% (5), 5 Hausman, Charles I.Jhones(2002),,,,, R&D, S 1,S 2,S 3 (4),(5),(6),,,52 ( ) 30, Hausman(1987) 22, 3 7 F :3 輥輯訛 3 GDP F2 19.736 10.135 44.639,, 6 GDP, (2009), Statistic Prob Statistic Prob Statistic Prob Panel v 2.773966 0.0028 1.321905 0.0931 3.353556 0.0004 7 Panel PP 2.152288 0.9843 0.613898 0.7304 1.737022 0.9588 SÁSÂSÃF1 F2 Panel rho -12.26618 0.0000-10.72769 0.0000-5.91615 0.0000 Pedroni Panel ADF 2.291212 0.9890-10.25666 0.0000 2.36405 0.9910 a 2.764 3.095 21.376 0.6716 25.174 (5) (1999) Group rho 5.074136 1.0000 2.326102 0.9900 4.108812 1.0000 b 2.4393 3.089 21.326 0.9052 19.736 (5) Group PP -19.41557 0.0000-16.25989 0.0000-6.592119 0.0000 a 2.152 2.339 9.26 0.4944 12.529 (5) Group ADF 2.406368 0.9919-13.91587 0.0000 2.975246 0.9985 b 1.7945 2.2689 8.8272 0.9116 10.135 (5) Kao(1999) Kao ADF -5.843222 0.0000-4.120863 0.0000-2.490486 0.0064 a 0.509 0.558 8.224 0.5547 58.223 (5) :Statistic,Prob, b 0.4419 0.5353 7.9737 0.7381 44.639 (5) :a,b - 50 -
( ) 2010 3, GDP,, (Two-Stage Least Squares) 8 2.1 GDP, GDP, 0.800162, 1% ( 9):1%,6 0.073854, 1% GDP 8,6, -0.028727, 5% 8 1.1 1.2,, 1.1, GDP :, 1%,, GDP, ( GDP, 0.739231, 0.053672) ( 1.2), GDP,, 0.739231 0.740394 : :, ( t, -0.127200, 10% 3.1 3.2, ) GDP 3.1 GDP, GDP,,, 1%, 8 (0.640412) GDP 1 2 3 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 C LNEX LNPGDP 1.653778*** 1.647366*** 0.231944-0.08523 2.970650*** 3.038331*** (8.900399) (8.544694) (0.784335) -0.257691 (10.862860) (11.081910) 0.053672*** 0.053602*** 0.073854*** 0.078520*** 0.640412*** 0.613779*** (4.930132) (4.910137) (5.002652) (5.086316) (12.053620) (10.932500) 0.739231*** 0.740394*** 0.800162*** 0.834451*** 0.057896*** 0.064060*** (29.60782) (27.80801) (25.96331) (24.08281) (2.72916) (2.99184) LNP - -0.000857-0.028727** 0.013415 - - (-0.127200) -2.583137 (1.305718) R-squared 0.779538 0.77924 0.777144 0.760321 0.689964 0.700711 A. R- squared 0.760744 0.760028 0.757846 0.738837 0.662681 0.673066 F-statistic 51.29526 50.24686 67.11419 67.22708 37.0077 35.66259 Obs 663 663 390 390 308 308 :* 10%,** 5%,*** 1% (, 9 ),, LLC IPS Fisher -ADF Fisher -PP 1.1-4.833750.0000-2.646690.0041 150.9200.0012 158.3740.0003 1.2-4.833770.0000-2.646740.0041 150.9210.0012 158.3750.0003 2.1-11.59710.0000-6.326230.0000 142.3210.0000 140.7130.0000 2.2-11.93040.0000-6.487690.0000 142.4080.0000 140.9770.0000 3.1-7.357350.0000-4.960420.0000 90.94810.0000 97.73310.0000 3.2-7.706670.0000-5.246900.0000 95.17250.0000 107.2730.0000 2.1 2.2, (0.057896), GDP 1%, GDP (0.064060) (0.613779), : (t 1.305718, 10% ), :,, - 51 -
, (variable intercept) ; Juan, Hausman, Carlos Hallak Peter K.Schott(2008) (,2007),,,, (cross-section weights) whiteperiod, OECD (27 ) (22 ) (2007) :,, (7),, (2007) (8), (9) (3 ), UND it OECD it CHINA it,und it i, 1, 0;OECD it i, 1, 0;CHINA it, i, 1, 0, (, 10 OECD 2007), GDP, GDP 1993~1995 1996~1998 1999~2001 2002~2004 2004~2006 LNEX LNPGDP LNP OECD 8.533903*** 0.021394*** 0.064630*** -0.018887*** -0.029096*** 8.759738*** 0.016572*** 0.055893*** -0.003718*** -0.018960*** 9.187580*** 0.012106*** 0.022225*** 0.013352*** -0.026730*** 9.171278*** 0.007951*** 0.049276*** 0.007157*** -0.011151*** 9.695034*** -0.053786 0.155499* -0.019521-0.191815 (426.2285) (22.556110) (18.629600) -14.20794-12.34896 (180.7040) (15.911220) (10.691270) -3.037698-4.138084 (161.8531) (7.317206) (4.045126) (4.865757) -4.915160 (236.0823) (7.415357) (15.532720) (5.244731) -3.000773 (39.0901) -1.203892 (1.876299) -1.518120-1.185484 Obs 102 102 102 102 102 R-squared 0.981056 0.953084 0.996085 0.985507 0.999867 A. R-squared 0.95929 0.899181 0.991587 0.968856 0.999713 11 1993~1995 1996~1998 1999~2001 2002~2004 2004~2006 LNEX LNPGDP LNP UND 8.972468*** 8.855226*** 9.270619*** 9.247220*** 8.840728*** (119.2636) (185.4767) (88.0214) (52.54441) (172.7045) 0.002926 0.015074*** 0.011269*** 0.007126*** 0.018611*** (1.365693) (18.836220) (6.190006) (3.411698) (7.273300) 0.046740*** 0.046721*** 0.01164 0.042118*** 0.072356*** (6.360949) (7.512012) (1.025192) (2.990377) (11.44800) -0.010419*** -0.001579 0.017593*** 0.007764*** 0.001524* -6.655192 (-1.308661) (7.039616) (3.860102) (1.863321) 0.017795* 0.004987 0.007906 0.001866 0.027172*** (1.922591) (0.951082) (0.550913) (0.098842) (2.771687) Obs 102 102 102 102 102 R-squared 0.874988 0.987035 0.92891 0.981056 0.973124 A. R-squared 0.731356 0.972139 0.847231 0.95929 0.942245-52 -, OECD ( 10) :OECD GDP, 1993~2004 1%,1993~2004 0, 1993~ 1995-0.029096 2002~2004-0.011151, 2004~2006-0.191815, 10%, 1993~2006 OECD GDP, 11 5
( ) 2010 3 1993~1995 2004~2006, 1993~ 1995 10% :,,2004~2006 1%,,, 1993 ~1995 0.017795 2004 ~ 2005 0.027172, 9 : 1996~2004,,,,,,,,,, ( 12) : 1993~1995 1999~2001 1%,,, OECD,,,,, 1995, 1996~,, 1998,, 2000 1999 :2001,,,,, 1999 2006 Krugman(1980) Ricardo, Hausmann(2003) : GDP,,,,,,, ; 12, 1993~1995 1996~1998 1999~2001 2002~2004 2004~2006 LNEX LNPGDP LNP CHINA -0.015768*** -0.001941 0.01612 0.008536*** 0.002756*** -19.24840-1.317987 (0.495121) (9.457735) (10.881370) 0.120821*** 0.016497-0.045622*** -0.001521-0.001296 (6.752831) (0.803815) -9.176469-0.231145-0.058383 8.555604*** 0.020892*** 0.060266*** 8.896836*** 0.014985*** 0.042776*** 9.255505*** 0.013832*** 0.008946** 9.230939*** 0.007861*** 0.042061*** 9.027007*** 0.018022*** 0.055069*** (192.6247) (24.509230) (19.563500) (337.2511) (13.471380) (9.756450) (199.2295) (9.259361) (2.139002) (338.3487) (8.377637) (18.618910) (446.7427) (20.302870) (64.791700) Obs 102 102 102 102 102 R-squared 0.954394 0.97867 0.968803 0.960978 0.994612 A. R-squared 0.901996 0.954164 0.93296 0.916143 0.988421 :,,,, 2000 2000 2001 GDP 3940 4338,2000~2006, - 53 -
, 4., (2005 ),, : GDP 4000,, ( ),, 20,,, NBER 1993~2006 ( 30 ), Hausmann (2005) 52 5.Juan Carlos Hallak Peter K.Schott (2008),,,,,,, ; 1. : :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. GDP,,,, 1Krugman (home market effect) Dani Rodrik(2006) Peter K. Schott (2006) Bin Xu Jiangyong Lu (2009) GDP, Ricardo Hausmann Dani Rodrik(2003) (Self discovery), :, 3. Schott(2006) :2000 Hummels Klenow(2005), (broader variety),,,,1993,,,, - 54 -, (richer countries) 2Peter K. Schott(2006) 3 1992, 1991 (), 1993, 1993,
( ) 2010 3 4 GDP Working Paper,2007 GDP, (8) :,, GDP GDP 2008 8 5 GDP, GDP (9) :,,,2006 8 6, 1~2 (10) :,ANGOLA2005 2,,,2008 3, (11) :,,,, 1999 2008 2 52 :AE ARG AUS (12) : AUT BEL BRA CAN CHI CHN COL CZE DEN DOM ECU EGY FIN FRA GER GRE HK HUN IND INA IRE ISR ITA JPN KOR MAL MEX NED NOR NZL PAK PHI POL POR ROM RSA RUS SIN SLO SPA SUI SVK SWE THA TUR UK UKR TW VEN 7Dani Rodrik(2006), 1992, 1992 1993, 1993 8, : Dani Rodrik(2006) Review, Vol.95,pp. 704~723.,2007 (5) : : DEA,,2007 8 (6) :,,,,2008 10 (13)Bin Xu, 2007, Measuring China s Export Sophistication,China Europe International Business School Working Paper. (14)Bin Xu, Jiangyong LU, 2009, Foreign Direct Investment, Processing Trade and the Sophistication of China's Exports,China Economic Review,forthcoming. (15)Feenstra, Robert C., John Romalis and Peter K. Schott, 2002, U.S. Imports, Exports and Tariff Data,1989~2001,NBER Working Paper No.9387. (16)Hausmann, Ricardo, Jason Hwang and Dani Rodrik, 1992 2005, What You Export Matters, NBER Working Paper No., 11905. (17)Hummels, David and Klenow, Peter J., 2005, The Variety and Quality of a Nation s Exports, American Economic (18)Juan Carlos Hallak,Peter K. Schott, 2008, Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality, NBER Working Paper No.13807. (19)Jerry A. Hausman and Paul A. Ruud, 1987, Specifying and Testing Econometric Models for Rank-ordered Data, Journal of Econometrics, Vol.34,pp. 83~104. value ij i j,quantity ij i j,p it i (20)Kao C,1999, Spurious Regression and Residual-Based, Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data, Journal of Econometrics, 92.4%(2001 ),, Vol. 90, pp. 1~44., (21) Krugman, Paul, 1980, Scale Economics, Product Differentiation and the Pattern of Trade, American Economic Re- 9 :,,, view, Vol.70, pp. 950 ~959. (22)Nunn, Nathan, 2007, Relationship - Specificity, Incomplete Contracts and the Pattern of Trade, The Quarterly Jour- 10,2005 10000,, nal of Economics, Vol5, pp. 569~600., 15000 (23)Pedroni P., 1999, Critical Values for Cointegration,, Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors, Oxford 輥輯訛 ( Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol.66, pp.653~678. ), 2007,515 (24)Ricardo Hausmann, Dani Rodrik, 2003, Economic Development as Self-discovery, Journal of Development Economics, (1) :,,2002 Vol.72, pp.603~633. (25)Rodrik, D., 2006, What s So Special about China s (2) :, Exports, China & World Economy, Vol.14, pp.1~19.,2006 (26)Sanjaya Lall, John Weiss, Jingkang Zhang,2006, The (3) : FDI : Sophistication of Exports: A New Trade Measure, World Development,Vol,,2009 1 34,pp.222~237. (4) : ( ), (27) Schott, Peter K., 2006, The Relative Sophistication of Chinese Exports, NBER Working Paper No.12173. (28)Zhi Wang, Shang-Jin Wei, 2008, The Rising Sophistication in China s Exports: Assessing the Roles of Processing Trade, Foreign Invested Firms, Human Capital and Government Policies, Working Paper for the NBER Conference on the 2008 6 (7) :, Evolving Role of China in the World Trade. - 55 -