中国边疆民族研究 第三辑

The Research Center of Historical and Geographical Studies of China s Frontier Regions and Nationalities, Minzu University of China Studies of China s Frontier Regions and Nationalities

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Ejen boγγda qaγγan-u gegen-e: rabjam čorji-yin (ergüüüüüüüügsen)ayiladqal: arban čaγγan buyan-i aγγuu-da quriyaγγsan-iyer: albatu yeke ulus-un ejen bol-un(bolon): amitan-u erkin auγγ-a küčü tegüüüüüüüüs-d(tegüüüüüüüüsd): ali büüüüüüüüküüüüüüüün-üüüüüüüü eril qangγγaγγči čindamani:: untuqai orčilang isveig-i gem day-a uqan: uquγγatan bariγγči γγurban erdini-yi ibekel barin: olbori arγγ-a bilig kiged burqan-i kereglegči: olon-u itegel boγγda ejen-u gegen:: kelküüüüüüüü čaγγan buyan-u auγγ-a küčü-iyer: kenteg-tüüüüüüüü ada tooγγad(toγγadtan)-i darun: keb qauli törö asin qoyar-i: ketüüüüüüüürkey-e geyigüüüüüüüül-üüüüüüüün(geyigüüüüüüüülüüüüüüüün) üüüüüüüüyiledküüüüüüüü-in aqar-a amuγγulang boi y-a:: erten-üüüüüüüü sayin üüüüüüüüyile-yin auγγ-a-bar: ende qamuγγ-un ejen boloγγsan yeke 385 1989 44 4 1993 414 45 46 48 354357363 3435 35 M 2008 2 1627 ergüüüüüüüügsen ayiladqal

γγayiqamsiγγ: edüüüüüüüüge törö asin qoyar-i aγγuu da baribasu: ene jüüüüüüüüg-üüüüüüüün amitan egüüüüüüüüriten jirγγan: ene qoyitu qoyar-a amuγγulang: asida yeke kereg büüüüüüüütüüüüüüüüküüüüüüüü boi y-a: tere metüüüüüüüü-yin tula ene čambutiib dekin-i amuγγulang jokiyabasu: qaγγan-u üüüüüüüüyile-düüüüüüüür tegüüüüüüüün eče deger-e üüüüüüüügei: qutuγγ-tu dalai blam-a-yi jalaju: γγurban oron dekin-i amuγγulang jokiyan: γγurban čaγγ-un buyan-i egüüüüüüüüsgejüüüüüüüü: γγurban küüüüüüüülgen-üüüüüüüü asin-i geyigüüüüüüüülbesüüüüüüüü γγayiqamsiγγ:: arban qara nigüüüüüüüül-i tabčin: arban čaγγan buyan-i üüüüüüüürgejigüüüüüüüül-üüüüüüüün(üüüüüüüürgejigüüüüüüüülüüüüüüüün): amitan-i amuγγulang jokiyan: arsi-yin asin-i geyigüüüüüüüülbasüüüüüüüü amitan-u itegel nom-un qaγγan boloyo:: gegen-e ese taniγγdaba ču čaγγan sedkil-üüüüüüüün egüüüüüüüüden-eče ailadqabai: egüüüüüüüün-i gegen-degen ayilad: bičig ergüüüüüüüüküüüüüüüü-yin beleg-tüüüüüüüü jaγγun aγγta boi: γγaqai jil-üüüüüüüün qur qaγγan-u tabdaγγar sara-yin tegjiküüüüüüüüi sin-e-yin sayin edüüüüüüüür bičibe: (Zay-a bandida) tende basa (dalai) blam-a-yin gegen-düüüüüüüü jolγγaju. ajin amitan-u tusa-yin tula deger-e ayiladqaγγsan-du: yerüüüüüüüü mongγγol kelten-du jüüüüüüüürčid-üüüüüüüün boγγda qaγγan (Manju qaγγan) ača yeke üüüüüüüügei. tan-u jarliγγ-ača üüüüüüüülüüüüüüüü dabaqu-yin tula qaγγan-du mongγγol üüüüüüüüsüüüüüüüüg terigüüüüüüüüten mongγγol nom delgeregüüüüüüüül. kemen jarliγγ bolquna. sayin aγγsanči kemen ayiladqaγγsan-du. (dalai) blam-a-yin gegen müüüüüüüüsiyen üüüüüüüüyiledčü. činüüüüüüüü jöb bolbaču omoγγ tai qaγγan amui: küüüüüüüürčü medey-e kemen jarliγγ bolbai:: (qoyin-a) tere (dalai blam-a) ču. (jüüüüüüüürčid-üüüüüüüün) qaγγan-u üüüüüüüülüüüüüüüü süüüüüüüüjüüüüüüüüleküüüüüüüüi (-yi) ilerkei ayiladuγγsan mön amui kemen (Zay-a bandida) man-du (qoyin-a) jarliγγ bolbai:: 2 2003 362364 qoyitu qoyar-a 408 M 1999 104108

Qaγγan-u jarliγγ bičig. Baγγatur tayiji-du ilegebe: činüüüüüüüü ergüüüüüüüügsen bičig-i büüüüüüüürin-e üüüüüüüüjebe. edüüüüüüüüge mendu asaqur-a jayisangqur kiy-a urita qoyar-i ilegebe: namur-un següüüüüüüül sara-yin arban-a: (baγγatur tayiji-yin ergüüüüüüüügsen bičig mandu öggüüüüüüüügsen üüüüüüüügei:) 303306 354 114 50 63 2 360 360 35 405

Uum suvazdi sidem: Erten-üüüüüüüü sayin irüüüüüüüüger ile boloγγsan: boγγda qaγγan naran tengri metüüüüüüüü čoγγ jibqulang badaraγγsabar esen aba y-a: boγγda qaγγan-u jarliγγ bičig küüüüüüüürjüüüüüüüü irebe: ende-eče daγγan bayasun amui: bičig-üüüüüüüü beleg jaγγun morin kiged-i ergüüüüüüüübe: elči erke tabun. namur-un ekin sara-yin arban nigen-e: Uum suvazdi sidem: Ali ba (aliba) degedüüüüüüüü ijaγγur tanu erkin: adalidqaγγsi üüüüüüüügei yeke küčütüüüüüüüü boloγγsan am-a vangkin-yin gegen: baγγatur tayiji bičig ergüüüüüüüübe: esen aba y-a: bide ende mendu bičig-üüüüüüüü beleg tabin morin: elči tüüüüüüüübsin kiy-a bai: namur-un ekin sara-yin arban nigen-e: 3 59 3 60 145 120 61 3 360 1999 114

(ögeled vačirtu tayiji ergüüüüüüüügsen:) Uum suvasdi: sidem: töröber jirγγaγγuluγγči boγγda qaγγan-u gegen amuγγulang amu: bide γγurban erdeni-yin adisdid-iyer maqambud-un qubi tegsi: edüüüüüüüüge ayiladqaqu üüüüüüüüge-yin učir: yerüüüüüüüü büüüüüüüügüüüüüüüüden-yin erkin boloγγad: törö asin bariγčin-u γγool boloγγsan čaγγ-dur: eb ey-e-ben nigedküüüüüüüü-yin tula deger-e beleg ergüüüüüüüün elči ilegebe: aliba törö asin-u üüüüüüüüyilesi gegen-e ayiladuγγsan-u yosoγγar bide daγγan daγγuriyaqu bayinam: bičig-üüüüüüüü beleg-tüüüüüüüü tabin aduγγu ergüüüüüüüübe: ebüüüüüüüül-üüüüüüüü dumdadu sara-yin qorin nigen-e: 68 97 99 1984 2 109 103 81 454 723724 []1980 179180 2 364 409

Qamuγγ-u ejen yeke qaγγan-u gegen-e: Vačir-tu tayiji bičig ergüüüüüüüübei: törö asin qoyar-u üüüüüüüüyile qotala tegüüüüüüüüs-d (tegüüüüüüüüsed) aqar-a gegen amuγγulang boi y-a: ene metüüüüüüüü yeke qan oron-i bariγγsan čaγγ-dur: törö asin qoyar-i amuγγulang delgeregüüüüüüüülbesüüüüüüüü edüüüüüüüüge kiged asida buyan tai ki ayiladju kičiyeküüüüüüüü boi y-a: γγajar qola bolbačiki: čidaqula nigen nigen degen tusalalduji üüüüüüüüjey-e: yadabačiki elčiben ilegeji amaraγγlalduy-a geji ayiladqaγγam: mön gegen degen ayilad:: beleg nigen tas. nigen qar-a üüüüüüüünege. nigen čaγγan üüüüüüüünege: γγurban jaγγun aduγγun bai: elči erdini γγunjin blam-a ekilen bai: üüüüüüüüker jil-üüüüüüüün quvar qaγγan-u doloduγγar sara-yin tabun sine-düüüüüüüür tarbaγγatai-ača ergüüüüüüüübei: Ama vang gi-yin gegn-e: Vačir-tu tayiji bičig bariba gegen amuγγulang boi y-a: qaγγan-u yeke törö asin-i či medeküüüüüüüü ene čaγγ-dur: asin-i delegeregüüüüüüüül-un qamuγγ ulus-i amuγγulang bolγγaqui kičiy-e kičiy-e: ese jolγγolčabači sayin ner-e-yi čini qola-ača sonosba bide: čidaqula nigen nigen degen tusalalduy-a: yadabačiki elčiben ilegelčiji amarγγalalduy-a: beleg qoyar jaγγu aduγγun bai: elči erdini γγunjin blam-a ekilen bai: üüüüüüüüker jil-üüüüüüüün quvar qaγγan-u doloduγγar sara-yin tabun sine-düüüüüüüür tarbaγγatai-ača baribai: Ögeled vačir-tu tayiji Qamuγγ-u ejen yeke qaγγan-u gegen-e: vačir-tu tayiji bičig ergüüüüüüüübe: gegen sedkil-üüüüüüüün taγγalal amuγγulang boi y-a: jarliγγ bičig. beleg elči iregsen-düüüüüüüür masi bayasbai: očir-un 3 117 75 3 118

ayiladqal: qutuγγ-tu dalai lam-a-yi jalaγči qamuγγ-a yeke ačitai: qamuγγ-u ejen boloγγsan-u tula törö asin-i bariju qamuγγ-i jirγγaγγulbasu: masi sayin bui y-a:: bide törö asin-i tustu ali tusatai üüüüüüüüyile qaγγan-u jarliγγ-iyar üüüüüüüüyiledjüüüüüüüü üüüüüüüüjey-e: bičig-üüüüüüüün beleg-tüüüüüüüü nige tas: qoyar jiroγγ-a mori ekilen jaγγun tabin mori: elči-yin terigüüüüüüüün erdini: üüüüüüüüyijeng nangsu ekilen arban sayid ki-y-a nar bai: (ey-e-ber jasaγči-yin naimaduγγar on ebüüüüüüüül-üüüüüüüün terigüüüüüüüün sarayin arban nigen-e) Qaγγan-u gegen-e ergüüüüüüüübe: kömüüüüüüüün-üüüüüüüü erketüüüüüüüü yeke qaγγan-u bey-e-yin čoγγ badaraγγsaγγar bai y-a: ende ilegegsen jarliγγ bičig-i burin-e üüüüüüüüjebe: elči sanjin qarčaγγ-a qoyar: qamuγγ-i bariγči-yin öger-üüüüüüüün(öber-üüüüüüüün) ger-üüüüüüüün sin-e-yin doγγsin-a yabuγγulba: ebüüüüüüüül-üüüüüüüün terigüüüüüüüün sara-yin arban γγurban-a: Qaγγan-u jarliγγ bičig. öled-üüüüüüüün abulai-du ilegebe: tan-i elčin luγγ-a minüüüüüüüü elči ilegey-e geji bile: qalq-a jaγγur-a qulaγγai kiji samaγγu yabun-a genem basa ombu erdeni man-dur 3 298 1999 76 80 35 403 40 3 29

čerig mordaju iregüüüüüüüüi-düüüüüüüür: teden-i ende iregsen elči qarqui-dur. jaγγur-a jolγγaju elčin-üüüüüüüü üüüüüüüügen-eče ayuγγad. činaγγsi qariba genem: tegüüüüüüüün-üüüüüüüü tula elči ese ilegebe: ebüüüüüüüül-üüüüüüüü següüüüüüüül sara-yin qorin tabun: 3 53 42 13 3 318

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14 161 63100 101156 157194 195 219 221244 245253 3 20 nomadic pastoralismnomadic pastoralism (A.M.Khazanov) a.(pastoral nomadism proper) b.(semi-nomadic pastoralism) (Scythians 2008

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Š 3.1981449 8.493

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BentodeGóis 13 390391 M. Rici16 (1583 1610)(China in The Sixteenth CenturyThe Journals of Matthew Ricci1585-1610)L. J. Gallagheer1953 513 (Henri Bernard) Le Frère Bentode Goeschezles Musulmans de la Haute Asie(1603-1607) 1934 140 34 925 118120 1419 11 24 1420 12 14 1421 5 18 1422 8 22 2 117 423 3.7071

(Henry Serruys, Mongol Tribute Missions of the Ming Period, Central Asiatic Journal 11, Beallsville, 1966, 1-83) 1.282 1403. 11.16 11.30 1.286 1404. 5.20 1.289 8.19 9 2 1405. 1.193 3.31 (194 4.6)

1.295 5.1 1.296 6.2 297 1.301 8.30 9.30 1.302 10.21 1.303 11.7 1.317 1406. 11.17 1.318 12.28 1.321 1407. 2.15 1.322 3.22 4.27 1.323 1.324 5.15 1.325 6.27 1.326 7.25 1.327 8.8 8.26

1.329 10.19 1.331 11.28 1.332 12.10 12.27 1.333 1408. 1.14 1.334 2.9 1.337 4.9 4.19 1.226 1.339 10.20 1409 7 24 1409 7 24 8 6 1.340 12.30 1.342 1409. 4.4 1.343 4.24 1.349 8.8 1.353 9.10 1410. 1.24. 67.6b 1.373 4.11 4 13 1.378 5.19 1.399 12.26 1411

1 9 1.403 1411. 3.7 1.406 6.21 1 9 7 2 1.409 12.17 12 27 1.411 1412. 2.4 2 5 1.415 5.21 1.416 6.10 2 5 1.421 1413. 2 15 1.28 1.424 2.26 3.2 1.426 6.20 6.29 1.428 7.20 7 28 1.430 10.12 1.431 11.24 1.432 11.30 1.433 12.31 1.434 1414. 2.22 3 2 1.436 3.31

1.450 5.11 1.459 7.2 7.5 1.464 10.3 1.466 1415. 2.7 1.467 2.17 50 1413 1416 10 6 3.14 1.469 5.24 6.6 7 3 1.472 1416. 1.2 1.474 2.20 3.7 1.477 1417. 4.7 4 25 1.478 5.27 7 15 6.18 1.479 7.17 1.481 12.31 1418.

2.4 1.482 4.24 1417 4 25 5 29 486 1.484 1419. 1.18 1.485 2.15 1418 5 29 6 14 6.9 1.487 8.9 1.489 12.27 1.490 1420. 2.3 8 12 1.491 6.24 1421. 1.306 2.5 1.492 2.7 2.23 1.522 1423. 1.3 3.18 4 26

1.524 8.15 11 9 1.541 1424. 3.6 2.5 10.19 2.9 11.22 11 23 2.13 12.28 2.18 1425. 2.7 2 9 2.8 2.9 2.19 2.16 2.27 4.10 2.45 8.3 8 19 2.48 8.14 2.64 12.24 2.66 12.31 2.71 1426. 3.3 73 94 2.74 3.20 2.79 5.7 2.91 11.19 252 92 11.23 12 7

2.92 12.1 2.94 12.31 2.95 1427. 1.11 2.99 3.24 2.100 4.21 5 15 2.105 8.11 8 21 2.107 8.24 9 13 2.110 10.1 2.111 10.10 10 18 77 2.113 10.24 219 11 13 2.114 11.4 11 13 11.8 11 25 2.116 12.2 12 17 89 1428 1 23 12.6 67 12 24 1428 1 31 2.118 12.21 2.121 1428. 2.6 2.124 3.26 4 2 2.126 4.27

2.130 6.18 6.28 2.131 7.31 8 22 2.140 10.20 2.147 11.15 12 9 11.26 1422 12 16 12 28 2.148 12.4 2.149 12.23 1429 1 12 2.151 1429. 1.8 1 22 2.156 3.6 3 18 63 2.160 4.5 2.180 12.19 330 12 27 1430 1 8 3 6 1 3 1430 2 9 330 3 9 2.183 1430.

1.4 2.187 2.14 62 3 1 3 16 2.188 2.16 2.191 3.11 3.16 22 4 1 4 14 5 1 5 29 2.198 6.6 2.199 6.23 7 11 2.203 7.27 2.209 11.13 11 25 12 28 2.212 12.20 12 28 2.213 1431. 1.11 2 6 660 2.215 1.21 3 4 4 19 223 2.223 5.10 85 5 31 7 17 2.229 7.8 6 5 7 8

8 1 80 8 15 2.230 7.11 2.232 8.19 8 24 9 1 10 12 21 2.235 9.6 9 27 2930 2.236 9.9 67 9 27 2.242 11.7 2.243 11.17 12 2 2.246 12.28 1432 1 13 2.247 1432. 1.11 2.248 2.3 2 23 2 21 3 17 2.257 5.24 97 6 17 2.259 6.3 6 17 2.260 6.23 7 15 2.274 12.13 12 25 2.279 1433. 3 10 2.26 2.27 57 3 12

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2.321 10.10 11 14 12 22 1435 1 2 2.339 1435. 2.14 2.19 2.340 2.22 2.349 7.4 2.350 7.11 2.356 8.15 2.364 9.14 2.367 10.12 2.382 1436. 2.15 2.383 2.17 3 12 2.386 3.23 2.401 5.21 2.402 5.24 7 24 2.408 6.30 2.409 7.5 2.419 9.22 10 13 17 10 22 10

7 2.421 9.27 10.1 () 10 14 10.5 411 2.423 10.22 2.427 11.2 11 20 2.431 12.4 12 13 2.435 12.23 2.438 1437. 1.6 2 9 3 22 1 13 1 30 2.443 1.26 2 2 2.457 4.21 2.458 4.22 2.468 7.22 7 8 3 2.475 8.30 2.476 8.31 477 7 27 8 3 8 10

9 15 2.477 9.13 10 14 10 23 2.483 10.20 2.486 10.30 11.1 11.2 11 14 2.488 11.8 1440 11 28 2.491 11.25 2.497 1438. 1.4 2.499 1.15 11 8 1 4 1 15 2.502 1.24 2.503 1.29 1.30 1 28 2 16

1 15 2.510 3.16 2.519 5.13 2.523 6.8 6 17 2.527 7.1 2.536 9.9 9 15 9 19 2.543 11.2 11 26 12 2 1439 1 8 2 7 2.544 11.8 2.548 12.19 2.549 12.24 1439. 1.6 2.551 1.13

1 14 63 2 7 2.552 1.22 2.554 1.29 2.557 2.14 2.558 2.20 2.559 2.26 2.560 3.4 3 18 2.563 3.30 4.11 2.565 5.22 2.567 4.23 2.569 6.4 2.570 6.19 7 1 2.572 7.1 7 11 6 19 2.572 7.5 7 15 2.574 7.13 2.575 7.15 7 5 2.579 9.13

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3.55 1444. 1.4 3.57 1.13 3.58 1.19 3.62 2.16 3.67 3.23 1443 11 10 48 4 17 3.70 4.24 3.76 6.26 7 13 3.87 11.17 11 29 30 1 13 27 3 3 3.88 12.4 3.91 12.17

12.18 3.92 12.23 3.99 1445. 2.4 3.100 2.19 2.23 3.104 3.29 3.105 4.19 4.30 3.117 10.31 3.118 11.7 3.121 11.21 3.122 11.30 10 1446 2 22 15 1900 1444 11 17 1446 1 5 1 7 1 14 1 17 2 4 17 2 20

3.125 12.23 130 3.131 1446. 2.8 3.134 2.16 1445 11 30 3.135 2.28 3.138 6.12 6 30 3.142 7.28 3.146 10.23 1447 2 11 13 1 1165 11 27 12 8 1447 1 6 16 2 10 1445 11 30 2 20 3.150 11.13

3.152 11.28 3.153 1447. 2 1.11 18 3.154 1.26 3.156 2.4 3.163 5.22 6 4 3.165 7.10 3.168 8.27 3.169 9.14 3.172 11.6 12 11 12 23 1 4 2000 1 13 1 2829 2 17 2 2472 2 2 29 3.174 11.13 3.186 1448.

7.13 7.23 3.187 7.26 3.192 11.4 7 13 7 23 11.20 3.194 12.11 12.15 1 11 1 2 414 1358 752 2524 3598 1 14 1701 742 1 16 2 2 1 31 2 11 1799 2 13 666 2 20 1 31 3.195 12.21 =3 4 3.196 12.29

3.198 1449. 1.22 3.199 1.31 = 3.205 3.4 1445 11 21 1449 11 17 3.206 3.8 3.230 9.19 9 21 3.240 10.11 10 16 10 14 3.261 11.5 11 5 3.266 11.17 3.277 12.16 3.284 1450. 1.11 3.323 7.7 5 7 31 8 3 8 8

3.333 8.7 3.335 8.8 8 13 8 7 8 25 3.339 8.28 8 8 7 7 9 1 3.353 9.29 3.355 10.16 125 3.358 10.28 55 10 13 9 19 10 18 10 23 10 28 3.359 11.11 11 27 2500 12 9 3000 4 12 17 3.360 11.26 3.364 1451. 1.2 205 1 16 1 11 205 1 16 1 23

3.369 1.16 2 16 24 2 26 3.375 2.13 3.381 3.19 4 8 9 4 14 3.387 5.29 6 4 6 8 6 9 6 21 3.411 11.14 12 24 1452 1 3 1 3 1 13 2 12 3.417 1452. 1.12 3.423 3.1 1 28 3 9 3 1 3 18

3.424 3.11 3.425 3.19 3.21 3.427 4.6 4.9 3.431 1.27 3.436 9.12 3.437 9.25 3.438 10.3 3.444 12.5 12 16 2945 2 26 2876 12 31 3200 1453 11 15 10 19 11 6 12 21 12 29 1 4 3 2 3 8 2 5 3.457 1453. 1.18 7 150 12 5 1452 12 29 3.461 2.3

2.5 3 2 3 8 3.465 2.23 3.468 3.4 3.472 3.21 3.474 4.7 3.476 5.31 3.484 11.15 1143 12 31 3200 2 21 [489490 ] 2 28 4 6 3.485 12.2 12.3 3.486 12.16 3.493 1454. 1.14 3.506 7.11 7.13 3.508 7.30 3.515 11.17 3.516 1455. 1.23 3.522 3.8

3.524 4.8 3.527 4.24 3.528 5.9 aruma 6 2 3.529 5.10 6 12 3.531 5.20 3.536 9.3 9.13 3.538 11.24 3.540 1456. 2.3 2.10 3.545 8.25 3.546 9.5 9.10 3.549 11.22 3.550 1457. 555 1.6 500 557 3.551 1.10 3.552 1.31 3.554 3.15 3.556 4.15

3.557 5.14 3.568 7.20 3.579 1458. 2.5 3.604 11.20 12.4 3.606 12.27 3.613 1459. 4.1 3.620 7.31 1463 11 15 3.621 8.28 9 10 3.623 9.12 3.624 11.29 3.628 1460. 2.9 3.632 6.8 3.638 10.23 3.642 1461. 2.16 3.659 11.7 11 30 3.661 11.26 1462 1 29 2 11 1462 3 8 12.26

3.668 1462. 3.25 4 8 3.670 3.27 6 9 7 3 3.674 7.16 6 300 8 25 7 26 8 6 8 14 3.678 11.12 3.679 12.4 2 12 3.683 1463. 5.7 3.684 5.23 3.685 6.11 7 9 7 15 3.687 6.19 3.690 7.15 = 6 11 3.691 7.15 8.3 8.5 3.692 8.20

9.22 = 10.17 = 3.693 10.24 11.15 3.695 1464. 1.11 3.696 2.1 1463 12 30 1464 3 1 3 1 3 13 2.2 3.697 2.14 4.11 10.1 4.13 1465. 1.19 2.7 2 12 2 24 3 6 93 3 9 4.15 2.22 4.16 2.23 4.21 6.4 4.22 7.10 4.26 11.3 4.28 11.22 4.29 12.4 12.15 4.32 1466. 1.3 4.34 1.30 4.67 10.18

4.70 10.26 11 4 65 4.72 11.25 4.76 1467. 1.15 1 15 10 26 4.84 2.22 4.98 4.27 2 13 3 1 3 6 5 14 5 28 12.23 2.467 4.110 1468. 1.14 4.111 2.14 4.113 5.5 4.126 11.18 4.131 1469. 2.5 4.135 3.13 4.144 11.29 12.2

4.150 1470. 1.28 4.163 4.19-3 1 1467 12 23 1487 3 27 3 15 4 26 4.193 10.25 9 20 11 5 1471 3 30 12 4.195 11.27 200 1471 5 18 4.209 1471. 4.1 4.216 6.2 7 22 8 12 4.229 12.26

4.239 1471. 2.27 4.293 10.30 4.309 1473. 1.16 4.310 2.10 4.341 12.16 4.343 1474. 1.9 4.345 2.7 4.365 12.19 4.368 1475. 2.2 4.372 7.22 9 10 4.373 7.23 9 10 4.377 1476. 1.15 2.3 4.381 5.1 4.388 9.1 5 4.396 11.19 12 9 4.399 1477.

2.8 2.21 4 14 4 26 68 4.401 5.28 4.412 11.25 4.413 12.21 11 25 12.31 4.414 1478. 1.29 2.21 3.3 4.425 11.11 4.426 12.9 4.427 1479. 1.12 4.428 2.13 4.18 4.430 7.5 4.433 9.28 4.435 1480. 2.7

4.441 3.3 4.450 11.27 4.456 1481. 1.20 4.457 2.20 3.26 4.468 11.28 4.470 1482. 2.4 4.479 1483. 1.8 4.480 3.5 4.509 12.21 4.512 1484. 2.22 4.528 7.16 4.537 12.14 1 13 4.542 1485. 2.1 2.12 4.556 11.26 4.559 1486. 3.2 4.566 4.21 4.581 11.25 4.584 1487. 2.21 3.27

1470 4 19 4.596 11.17 4.602 1488. 1539 7.19 7 1 10 3 10 9 4.603 8.2 4.608 1489. 2.17 3 4 4.616 8.1 4.621 1490. 2.4 4.622 3.1 3.1 3 29 4 16 4.626 7.30 4.630 1.5 1488 7 19

4.631 1.22 4.632 2.16 3 28 4 13 4 19 4.637 8.14 4.638 1492. 1.2 4.641 7.19 1493. 3.31 2.11 4.656 8.24 4.658 1494. 3.5 4.660 8.19 4.682 1495. 9.10 1496. 3.49 1.12 2.9 4.692 6.23 C 6.695 9.3 1497. 3.55 2.23 5.12 10.21 5.15 11.9 5.19 1498. (

2.23 ) 3.7 3.62 5.21 5.30 5.27 8.23 5.29 11.7 5.30 11.19 5.31 11.26 5.42 1499. 8.11 9.15 3.81 5.58 1500. 7.6 5.73 12.14 5.78 1501. 2.15 5.102 9.8 5.124 1502. 4.17 5.129 8.23 5.132 1503. 2.17 5.135 4.4 5.146 1504. 2.6 4.5

1498 2 23 ) 5.154 8.21 5.161 1505. 2.17 5.164 4.10 5.195 10.29 12 6 5.198 1506. 2.3 5.224 10.20 5.228 1507. 1.25 5.232 3.20 5.242 11.8 5.244 1508. 2.12 5.260 10.26 12 25 5.266 1509. 2.10 5.268 3.12 5.287 10.17 5.307 1510. 11.20 5.311 1511. 1.29 2 6 5.319 10.18 1512. 3.231 2.10 5.334 11.6 5.354 1513. 11.9

5.358 1514. 1.24 5.359 2.23 7 24 5.381 10.18 5.391 12.15 5.393 1515. 2.1 5.426 12.25 5.427 12.30 5.429 1516. 1.25 5.431 3.10 5.437 8.3 5.451 10.27 11 20 5.479 1517. 11.5 5.484 1518. 3.8 5.492 8.14 5.498 11.3 5.508 1519. 2.5 5.515 10.25 5.516 1520. 1.28 5.522 11.5 5.523 1521. 2.14 5.534 9.11 9 30

5.540 1522. 2.10 5.556 9.4 5.563 1522. 1.23 5.574 1523. 9.18 5.579 1524. 1.25 1 31 2 22 5.585 9.2 5.594 1525. 2.8 300 2 26 299 5.601 8.20 5.607 1526. 2.28 5.614 9.4 9 10 5.615 1527. 1.22 5.660 1528. 9.27 2 25 200 9 13 5.668 1529. 2.20 5.682 10.18 11.15 5.687 1530. 2.9 1529 10 18 5.698 9.6 6.1 1531. 1.24 6.18 9.23 6.21 12.13 1532 1 1

1532. 3.360 2.22 6.37 8.7 6.41 9.29 6.96 1534. 12.11 6.105 1535. 9.6 6.109 1536. 2.5 6.136 1537. 1.7 6.154 9.24 6.159 12.29 6.160 12.30 6.177 1539. 9.22 6.194 1540. 9.11 6.198 12.11 6.228 1541. 9.24 6.293 1542. 9.16 6.333 1543. 9.7 6.369 1544. 9.18 6.411 1545. 9.7 6.450 1546. 9.3 6.516 1547. 12.26

6.547 1548. 9.23 6.553 11.17 6.599 1549. 12.22 6.644 1550. 10.23 6.679 1551. 6.23 6.693 9.7 6.701 12.5 7.47 1552. 12.21 7.51 1553. 2.20 1572 7.125 1554. 12.25 7.145 1555. 8.24 7.146 9.15 7.171 1556. 12.27 7.174 1557. 2.25 7.190 8.27

7.242 1558. 9.17 7.318 1560. 8.30 7.323 10.31 7.324 12.21 7.338 1561. 9.15 7.361 1562. 1.10 7.381 9.29 7.397 1563. 8.25 7.398 1564. 10.13 7.432 12.24 7.453 1565. 10.8 7.473 1566. 9.5 7.538 1567. 12.30 7.539 1568. 1.10 7.554 3.7 7.557 3.17 7.608 12.22

7.615 1569. 2.8 7.669 1570. 3.12 8.10 1571. 3.12 8.11 3.13 8.24 7.15 8 2 70 8.45 11.6 200 8.53 12.31 8.65 1572. 4.19 8.105 9.30 10 6 10 16 8.107 10.9 8.108 10.16 8.124 12.31 8.131 1573. 2.15 8.132 3.13 8.170 9.26 8.177 11.6 8.178 11.18 9 30 10 6 1573 1 11 110

8.180 12.7 8.183 1574. 1.10 1.12 8.186 1.29 8.207 10.6 11 6 1 13 1 15 214 2 6 500 8.217 12.27 8.223 1575. 1.26 1 27 8.243 6.6 1576 8.253 9.24 117 10 5 10 15 8.255 11.9 8.257 11.27 1574 11.28 8.260 1576. 1.19 8.261 1.29 8.304 9.25 10 7 30 8.305 10.14

8.318 1577. 3.3 8.319 3.27 8.327 9.25 10.3 8.338 1578. 1.9 1.19 182 2 20 8.346 4.24 Koke 406 4.30 8.347 4.21 8.385 1579. 2.19 () = 3 18 8.393 4.29 :5 1? 8.400 9.7 8.402 10.6 10 10 1580 1 2 8.403 10.12 10.30 8.405 11.13 8.406 1580. 1.23 8.413 3.11

8.414 4.25 8.419 9.30 1580 8 17 500 200 50 9 30 8.420 10.1 10.28 12.8 8.421 12.18 8.422 1581. 1.15 8.424 3.16 1580 8.437 9.8 8.439 9.21 8.440 9.28 9.29 10.16 8.442 10.24 8.444 12.29 1582. 1.14 338

8.448 2.26 1578 4 24 8.451 5.6 8.456 9.9 8.464 12.30 1583. 1.3 8.486 8.16 8.493 10.15 11.2 11 13 8.500 1584. 1.1 1.6 1 1 8.501 1.7 8.503 1.24 8.517 10.4 8.520 10.28 8.521 11.8 8.525 1585. 1.17 8.526 1.6 2.7

8.534 9.10 8.537 10.17 10 22 8.545 12.27 8.546 1586. 1.17 12 27 8.546 1.20 1 22 9 10 8.547 1.24 8.548 2.9 1 31 8.551 2.23 8 26 8.556 4.5 8.577 8.24 8.590 10.14

8.592 10.21 8.595 11.15 8.602 1587. 1.14 8.640 9.12 8.644 10.5 10.11 8.646 11.6 8.652 12.28 8.653 1588. 1.7 8.676 12.9 8.686 1589. 3.8 12 13 12.11 8.687 4.14 8.689 4.11 4 2 4 12 8.698 7.11 8.703 9.29 10.19 8.704 12.23 8.708 12.11

8.711 1590. 1.7 8.710 1.8 1.18 8.711 1.27 9.31 9.18 9.39 10.7 9.57 12.28 1591. 1.8 9.59 2.3 9.91 7.22 9.113 10.27 11 6 9.134 1.22 9.168 7.16 9.184 10.19 9.194 1593. 1.2 9.200 2.28 9.214 9.19

9.216 10.8 10 11 98 11.23 12.29 9.270 1595. 78 10 8 10.2 9.271 10.27 10 24 9.282 1596. 1.26 9.311 1597. = 1.14 9.335 1598. 11.24 9.360 1600. 3.26 9.367 11.8 9.381 1602. 3.7 9.394 8.5 8 4 9.398 8.4 9.401 12.11 9.405 1603. 2.23 9.406 4.3 9.424 1604. 3.11 9.428 6.5 9.433 10.18 11.14 9.442 1605. 12 8

3.9 3.11 9.451 12.7 9.457 1606. 4.25 1604 9.461 6.18 9.460 6.23 1605 9.471 11.30 12.4 9.482 1607. 3.2 9.489 3.23 9.492 4.28 9.525 1608. 2.10 9.559 1609. 4.9 9.561 6.29 16061607 9.563 8.28 9.565 9.19 1608 9.582 1610. 4.18 4.19 9.603 10.18

10.23 9.611 1611. 1.16 9.612 3.10 9.623 1612. 3.6 9.650 11.26 9.660 1613. 3.3 9.663 3.21 9.667 4.23 9.669 5.9 7.5 9.686 1614. 3.9 1. 2.

4MarLewicki Inscriptions mongoles in dites, 31 227 dasman daman 133

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[]61 82 285238, 1 1923 616619 2 199 214 225 [] 11 12 15 -Din (1931 ) 3032 1927 266, Môko shi kenky266267 131 660 246 13 [] (1951 )230 18 1955 412

1508 43, n g či(nova,169 ) n g n n g či qoniči n g n, 220221 678 HMonumental serica 10(1945)192 8 136,158 2 goat kid lamb 26 30 1368 30 2 190 13 12 2 191197 13671368 1368 51HANEDA 35 109HANEDA 131 1376 1368 1368 16 1368 A463464

124 Toγγus-temüüüüüüüür Tögüs γγutoγγus 3 696 Toγγus 12 428430 Temüüüüüüüür 61UsaqalUsaqal 5 5 Usaqal Tegüüüüüüüüs-temüüüüüüüür Tegüüüüüüüüs-temüüüüüüüür 1342 13791388 3 696 13781388 85 HANEDA119 1940

=SkrSamantabhadra Viśvabhadra (WESoothill LHodous 374 ) Sam Viś Eljige 2190 5 EA 77100103119127163 46HANEDA2627 1369 51,HANEDA3637 137053HANEDA 4445 1370 135 9 1961389 138140,111213

Serruys The Mongols in China during the Hung-wu Period MCB II, 1959. 1-328 341342 13501368 141 HANEDA 154 W.HUNG 14 452 HUNG 14 433436 TP38(1948),235 1425

1942 3 111, 1947 12 371 10 ndž+ž- 675 niwonźịwo10 ž-,ndž-, ǰu(=dž u-), 1.2a,ǰüüüüüüüürčed- üüüüüüüün 2B.20bM. 14 1389 <>1949 145222 14 1952 26 1200 1952 1 1 91 ǰ rǰe ǰüüüüüüüürčen,ǰüüüüüüüürčed, 227 517 -r,1937 1 =ul,nul 1950 107 311: tu.ir305 69 397 76 145 =-r 350 69 158 -r-726 i: 873 ţşil ju-sheng()-l 280 309 16.14b,the Su Moal of Plan Carpino,A..1269 211 021211030430 1938 1 42 102

7620 21 90

W.AN.251 227 1 15 W.52 A.DE A1933 5 =3 =

A.371 1541 W. 52

3281914 4 1930 132 1929 40 659710 W.13681634 A,1949 14 16 1389 6 17 37 227 3 Uriyang an=uriyangqan(uriyangqai Uriyangqan Uriyangqad )Torγγočar,2B.5 142 La Langue Mongole14 24 e-ko-to-yen-wen-tu-erh 8823 [ ]1859 1938 1 2 2930 0. 245 40 688 e-ye--en -yen E.-yen :Ekedayenundur,-än( -en) -yen =doyen 8823 25 9 2273 wangliu,ongliu(d)ongliu(d) ongγγ(u), 6 117 B.Mongol s koye ongni d feodalniĭ termini plemennoye nazvaniye in Dokladï AK.Nauk SSR,1930,318 223 1932 6 13 63100 227 3 Wo-chao,() Wu-chê,wu-jo Wu-chi d.27 1895 21 396 37 699 34 1 1405 4 34 1404 9 1405 4 34 55 13 1408 ( 55 1406 55 77 ) 23913 ch o-lu-k ou 13 t ao-erh,=t a-wu-erh 40 679680685 40 687 sq.2b.5a Torγγočar [shuo -l]

1 17 120 To-yüüüüüüüün,80 shuo ch o-er-ho shuo čo-/čö-cf.l. Mots de civilization de Haute Asie en transcription chinoise 1950 1 160161 M. op.cit.,142 čöl müüüüüüüüren [čol,čol,-o--ö ] čol ch o-erh: čol TaurČol TchoL. 1934 608 ch o-erh hočol Ta ur 116 10 =Ta ur 328 8 1389 2 29 90 20 ( Hodon, Odon=Khotan), 1952 1 1 133 2 230 232 915 123 4, =Qamil

Serruys, Sino-Jüüüüüüüürčed Relations during the Yung-lo Period, Gött. As. Forschungen, Wiesbaden, 1955

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[]1977

ОООО ггторггуйн Д алай К К. Голстунский М онгголо-ойратские законы 1640 ггода, дополнитеъны е указы Галдан-хун-тайж ия и законы, составленны е для волж ских калм ы ков при калм ы дком хане Д ондук-д аш и Ratnabhadra: Rabjamba Cay-a bandida-yin tuγγuji saran-u gerel gemeküüüüüüüü ene metüüüüüüüü bolai. Ulanbaatar. 1959on.

Олон номын үндсэн үзгийн ялгал оршивой Ринчен Ratnabhadra: Rabjamba Cay-a bandida-yin tuquji saran-u gerel kemeku ene metu bolai, Ulanbaatar 1959.

19221953 19221953 Societas Verbi Divini/ SVD 90 30 30 100 Matthias Hermanns,Dominik Schröder, Johann Frick, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 2009 1 19 3 1 (P. Bosold) Gansu Kansu Vicariate Apostolic of Kansu Occidentale Kansu 18991972 Anthropos 671972 18 (Dominik Schröder) P. Dominik Schröder SVD (1910-1974) 19101974 Anthropos 70197514 (Johann Frick, ) (A. Quack) Johann Frick (1903-2003) 19032003 Anthropos 982003521525, 90 Anthropos 891994 313

Arnold Janssen 18371909 1875 St. Michael Steyl1889 Mödling St. Gabriel1913 St. Augustin 1882 1922 1923 CICM Scheut Scheutveld1865 1878 1920 St. Gabriel 671972 2 982003 522 (Bornemann)Geschichte unserer Gesellschaft 1981108111 The Christian Family and Our Missions 19 70 Missionhurst D. Verhelst / N. Pycke C.I.C.M. Missionaries Past and Present 1862-1987 18621987 Leuven, 1995 1696 9 Franciscans 17 Jesuit Etienne Faber 1662172317231736 17231736 Maoletti 16691723 Ottaiano / 1844 1878 / 17 1905 1865

19221953 Rhenish-Westphalian Capuchins, OFMCap 1922 3 / Xixiang, Sihiang 1925 Archbishop Theodor Buddenbrock, S.V.D. 187819591953 1927 5 23 1935 10 19 1949 1928 19281929 1931 1935/1936 1949 1953 J. M. Schram 18831958/ Monguor Steyler Missionsbote 6 /7 1922 7778 J. Ternay1953 1113 (Th. Buddenbrock) 1953 12 G. Hillbrenner 1958 4 Verhelst / Pycke1995168169 2006 124125 OFMCap Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum 1922 ( Salvator Petrus Walleser) 1924 1924 1930 1953 2 17 10 2 19271928 17 3 1928 82 1935 10 20 2000 (W. Filchner)Bismallah! Vom Huang-ho zum Indus, 1938 37 Gansu Echo 193722 Missionsgrüüüüüüüüsse der Steyler Missionsschwestern 3 5/6 1936 43 1931 8 25 : J. Trippner1951 Gansu Echo

1950 2 1953 1922 8 4 / / / 4 // 1923 17 1936 33 26 100 1953 75 15 30 23 9 4 1941 12 1942 3 1942 5 P. Han 19221953 Verbum SVD ( )2003 86 1953 18 1939 18 1941 2 Han 2003 86 (J. Bromkamp)Mission ohne Maske. 26 Jahre in China 26 1970 143144 (Kube) (Cwik) (Ternay) 1953 31 13 1923 10 30 195379 1925 18 4 1926 22 1927/1928 31 15 (A. Freitag) Glaubenssaat in Blut und Tränen. ( ) 1948147 1940 (Decanatus Lanchow) 1Lanzhou, Lanchow 2Xincheng, Sincheng(Decanatus Lungsi)1 Longxi, Lungsi 2Minxian, Minhsien, Minzhou/ Minchow 3Weitseba, Weidseba, Wei tzu pa 4Zhangxian, Changhsien(Decanatus Wuwei): 1(Wuwei Xixiang, Sihsiang, Sihiang)2 / 3TumenTumentse 4DongjiapuDungdjapu, Dung kia pu 5HenanbaHonanbaHonanpa 6 Chakow, Dsakow, Datsekou (Decanatus Kanchow): 1/Zhangye/ Ganzhou, Changyeh/Kanchow 2 Xu/Sujiazhuang? Süüüüüüüükiachwang, Süüüüüüüükiachoang 3GaotaiKaotai 4Changyeh-Shaho,Schaho 5 Yangfang? Jangfang, Chenfan 6Sehao(Praefectura Apostolica de Sining) 1 Xining(

19221953 / / Matthias HermannsDominik Schröder Josef Trippner Oskar Ledermann / ( Johann Frick) ( Franz Eichinger) Sining 2Ledu/Nianbo Lotu, Nienpai 3HeishuiziHeitzueitze, Heitsuitse, Heedsueedse 4DatongTatunghsien, Datung, Dä-tung 5HuzhuHuchu, Huchuhien : /(Decanatus Tihwa)1 /Dihua/ UrumqiTihwa/Urumtsi 2 / Suilai/ ManassManaβ(Decanatus Ningyüän/ Kuldja) : 1 NingyuanNingyüän/ Kuldja SuidingSuitingCatalogus Sodalium Societatis Verbi Divini1941157161 1940 : GulangKulangSuzhouSuchow, Süüüüüüüüchow Dongxiang (Dunghiang, Donghsiang [ ]Chengpeikiüüüüüüüü, ChengbeitchüüüüüüüüGongcheng Kungchang/Taozhou/ Lintan ( Taochow Shouyangzhen ( Shou-yang-dschen, Schouyangchen, Tschauyang?Weiyuan ( Weiyüän, Weiyüänpu, WayuenpuDju-ba Tchiau-dja-se YongningbaoYüüüüüüüüningpuYongchang ( Yungchang, Yungtschang LintscheMinluo ShandanShantan ChenkuanyinTscheng-guän-yin GanjiabaoKandja pukankiapugändjapu Xintianpu SintienpuLuobagou Loapakou 1948 4000 739 1939 Arnoldus ( ) 1 194836 (A. Freitag)1948177 1944 13000 (Freitag)1948161 CICM1920 4300 2300 Verhelst / Pycke1995 166 1938 8 5 1939 197198 (Ledermann? (Hillbrenner?) 19596 1924 (A. Hesser)(B. Hucklenbruch) 1924 10 / 1931 (A. Bäcker) / 1937 3 (A. Volpert) 1947 (A. Volpert)1937 3 11 2 AG-SVD 632 Steyler Missionsbote 2 5 1932 98 Steyler Missionsbote 8 11 1925 174 Freundeskreis Kan-su. Zwischen Gletscher und Wüüüüüüüüste 193924 Steyler Missionsbote 41 1925 62 (J. Ternay) 1953 21 (F. Eichinger)(M. Hermanns) (J. Frick)

Joseph Eierhoff Anthropos Anthropos Wilhelm Schmidt1906 Steyler Missionsbote Missionsgrüüüüüüüüsse der Steyler Missionsschwestern Missionswissenschaftliche Bibliothek in St. Augustin 19221950 1936 SSpS / Servae Spiritus Sancti Steyler Missionsbote Missionsgrüüüüüüüüsse der Steyler Missionsschwestern The Christian Family and Our Missions 1930 7 1 A. Müüüüüüüüller1931 1931 5 20 Gansu Echo 1931 21 Missionsgrüüüüüüüüsse der Steyler Missionsschwestern 1011 /12 1931 93 10 1931 20 1934 1948 (Apostolic Prefect H. Haberstroh) 25 (J. Ternay)1953 1422 Arnoldus (See p. 4 n. 24) 21948 101 Steyler Missionsbote 2 1936 115 (J. Bromkamp) 1928 (A. Volpert) 1929/1930 1970 3435 (J. Kraus)Anton Volpert SVD, 1863-1949, 60 Jahre Missionar in Shantung und Kansu ( )18631949 60 Analecta1973 79

19221953 1931 1936 1936 1935 China Inland Mission/CIM American Christian & Missionary Alliance/C&MA19 1927 1953 20 1943 J. Ternay1953 19 (A. Freitag) 1948 163 171 1914 R. Farrer On the Eaves of the World 1926 8495 (E. Teichman) Travels of a Consular Officer in North-West China 1921 197206 (J. Rock) Missionaries in West China (Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University) www.peopleandplaces.de/joseph_rock_literature.htm (Rock) (W. Filchner)Om mani padme hum. Meine China- und Tibetexpedition 1925/28 1925-1928 1925/28 194170 (H. Walravens)Joseph Franz Rock. Expedition zum Amnye Machhen in Süüüüüüüüdwest-China im Jahre 1926 1926, 2003923 113 1865 1885 C&MA IMA 1897 1895 Harry French Ridley 18621944 (William Christie) M. Cable The Challenge of Central Asia 1929 1928/1929 25 18

(Sven Hedin)1928 G. HillbrennerH. Veldman(A.Volpert) 1931 Dr. HummelBockenkamp 1931 11 12 30 / 19261927 19351937 20 20 1925 1927 80 1928 (P. A. Varg) Missionaries, Chinese, and Diplomats. The American Protestant Missionary Movement in China, 1890-1952 18901952 1958 180193 (Filchner) 1941 74 4 1926 98 5 1931 189190 1934 5 Kan-su Echo 6 1934 46 (A. Volpert), Kan-su Echo (1931 19 Freundeskreis1939 90 (J. Kraus)1973 7980 (Bromkamp) 1970 131 1928 (Bromkamp) 1929/1930 (A. Volpert) (W. Simpson) (Bromkamp)1970 3435 (J. Kraus)1973 79 1929 1930 1921 Varg1958 231 20 Kan-su Echo 1930 32 Steyler Missionsbote 5 1931 189190 1 1932 9091 Reichspost () 7 12 1929 Katholische Missionare im Dienste der Forschung 19271935 (Kraus) 1973 81 (Kraus)1973 83 Missionsgrüüüüüüüüsse der Steyler Missionsschwestern 1112 1932 8788

19221953 Wilhelm Filchner 18771957 / 193537 Brother Gervasius, Heinrich Haack Edmund Füüüüüüüürholzer1936 HermannsSenge (Filchner) 19031905 19261928 19341937 (Filchner)Ein Forscherleben 1950 (E. Rüüüüüüüühle) Im Herzen des Schweigens. Aus Wilhelm Filchners Leben, 1962 1941 1213 16 3032 4041 5354 69 78 1950 276 300 1953 21 Steyler Missionsbote 10 1940 7 (Br. Konrad)30.01.1937(Senge)15.01.1937AG-SVD 632 - (Archiv der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften) (Filchner) Om mani padme hum 1941,,Ein Forscherleben 1950 201202 (Filchner) 1938 1950 301 (Br. Gervasius) Steyler Missionsbote 7 10 1939 269270 8 11 1939 297299 10 1940 714 11 1940 3239 12 1940 6367 1 1941 117122 Hermanns Bismallah! HermannsDie Nomaden von Tibet 1949 15 E. Füüüüüüüürholzer1936 Arro! Arro! So sah ich Tibet 1942 1516 Hermanns1936 /Hermanns 1949 14XIV Arnoldus1949 6263

19 /20 20 20 20 1911/1912 20 30 20 1912 1949 1912 1928 1934 (E. Moroder) 19051953

19221953 1944 30 1878 6 2 (Vicariate Apostolic of Gansu) 1905 4 28 1912 1 1 1912 1913 1920 12 1922 3 8 / 1922 /(Walleser) 1922 4 21 /(Buddenbrock) (A. Götsch) 1923 8 27 (Buddenbrock) (Apostolic Administrator) 1923 11 1924 1924 / / 5 1924 11 25 (Buddenbrock) (Vicar Apostolic) 1924 12 3 1925 6 (Buddenbrock)(Bishop) 1925 8 15 (Buddenbrock)/ H. T. Lin 5/12007 115135 Nationalists, Muslim Warlords, and the Great Northwestern Development in Pre-Communist China, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly 5/1(2007)

1925 18 4 18 50 1925 1926 1927 1 SSpS 1927 5 23 6 16 Henanba 1927 1927 (Vicarius delegatus) 1927/1928 / 19271928 31 1928 7 7 1928 10 17 1929 1929 1929 1929 9 1931 4 (Buddenbrock) 1930 1 6 1930 2 14 (regio)(f. Loy) 1934 1930 1930 / 1931 38 10 1931 8 5

19221953 1931 1 8 1931 1931 4 // 1932 4 1934 1932 1933 1933 1933 19331934 Henanba/ 1934 1934 1934 3 1934 5 27 1934 1935 1935 1935 8 15 9 10 1935 (Wilhelm Filchner) 1935 10 20 1935 11 12 1935/1936 1936 1936 33 7 26 155 1936 (Bromkamp) 1936 5 6

1936 7 (Füüüüüüüürholzer) 1936 11 14 1936 12 1936/1937 1937 2 4 (Prefecture Apostolic) 1937 4 1937 11 12 (H. Haberstroh) 1937 12 1938 (Prefecture Apostolic) 1938 3 2 1939 7 13 5 18 2 (M. Haberl) (L. Golomb) 1939 8 19 1939 9 12 1940 12 1940/1941 (Regio Kansu Occidentalis) 50 27 34 / 11 5 1941 2 (F. Loy)G. Hillbrenner (P. Moritz) (H. Mötter) (von Oirschot) 1941 12 1942 3 Hermanns Ternay (Kube) 1942 5 1942 8 19421944 1944 1944

19221953 1945 6 (Buddenbrock)Wedemeyer 1945 9 (Buddenbrock) 1946 4 11 (Vicariate Apostolic)(Archidioecesis) (Buddenbrock)(Archbishop) 1946 1947 6 TernayKhrikha 1948 4 1948 12 17 1949 1949 7 1949 8 26 1949 9 5 1949 10 30 Haas Eichinger 1950 1 1950 2 28 4 30 Senge 1951 1951 9 25 1953 2 13 1952 4 24 HaberstrohTernay Trippner 1953 (Amerikanisches Familienblatt)1902 Techny/ Anthropos. Internationale Zeitschrift für Völker- und Sprachkunde 1906 St Gabriel/

Fribourg/ / Arnoldus - Societas Verbi Divini Inter Se Filii, notitiae internae, 19481972 SVD Nota Arnoldus Nota Bibliotheca Missionum, Dreizehnter Band, Chinesische Missionsliteratur 1885-1909 1885-190913 1959 Bibliotheca Missionum, Vierzehnter Band, Chinesische Missionsliteratur 1910-1950 1910-195014 1960 Catalogus Sodalium Societatis Verbi Divini Moedling Domus Missionum ad S. Gabrielem Archangelum Kansu Echo /Kansu-Tsinghai Echo 19301951 Kreuz Christi am Blauen See/ Blausee 1940 Arnoldus1948/2100Quack 1994/89:11 Missionsgrüüüüüüüüsse der Steyler Missionsschwestern 19221941 1949 (Heilige) Stadt Gottes,1878 SteylKaldenkirchenNettetal Steyler Chronik,19191939 Steyler Missionsbote, Monatsschrift zur Glaubensverbreitung 19021941 The Christian Family and Our Missions 1906 Techny/ J. Bromkamp SVD Mission ohne Maske. 26 Jahre in China 26 Buxheim1970 A. Freitag SVD Glaubenssaat in Blut und Tränen. Die Missionen der Gesellschaft des göttlichen Wortes in Asien, Afrika, Ozeanien und Amerika am Vorabend des zweiten Weltkrieges Kaldenkirchen1948 FreundeskreisKan-su. Zwischen Gletscher und Wüüüüüüüüste Mödling, 1939 J. Frick SVD, Zwischen Himmel und Erde, Riten und Brauchtum in Nordwest China St. Augustin1995 et al. (meaning: Frick and other authors)china erlebt und erforscht Buchendorf1974 R. Hartwich SVD Steyler Missionare in China 6 Nettetal1983-1991

19221953 M. Hermanns SVD Die Nomaden von Tibet, 1949 Mythen und Mysterien, Magie und Religion der Tibeter 1956 Die Familie der A mdo-tibeter Freiburg1959 Das National-Epos der Tibeter: Gling König Ge sar Regensburg1965 S. Kasbauer SSpS Du hast füüüüüüüür mich dein Herz verschwendet. Katholisches Frauenheldentum in China Kevelaer1956 J. Kraus SVD P. Anton Volpert SVD, 1863-1949, 60 Jahre Missionar in Shantung und Kansu ( )18631949 60 Analecta SVD281973 L. Lenzen In China bebt die Erde. Das Schicksal der deutschen Kansu-Mission 1961 Rot färbt sich Chinas Himmel. 26 Jahre als Missionar in Kansu 26 Trier1965 D. Schröder SVD,Aus der Volksdichtung der Monguor. 1. Teil: Das weiße Glücksschaf (Sagen, Märchen, Lieder) 1. Asiatische Forschungen 6Wiesbaden1959 Aus der Volksdichtung der Monguor. 2. Teil: In den Tagen der Urzeit (Ein Mythos von vom Licht und vom Leben) 2. Asiatische Forschungen 31 Wiesbaden1970 /W. Heissig Geser-rëdzia-wu: Dominik Schröders nachgelassene Monguor (Tujen)-Version des Geser-Epos aus Amdo Asiatische Forschungen 70 Wiesbaden1980 J. Thauren SVD Die Missionen in Kansu, Ost-Turkestan und Honan (Kaldenkirchen1931 ) The Missions in Kansu, Eastern Turkistan and Honan Techny/ Ill.1932 A. Burgmann P. Dominik Schröder SVD (1910-1974) 191 Anthropos 701975 14 P. Cwik SVD, Die völkische Eigenheit der Mohammedaner von Ch inghai Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 234263 F. Eichinger SVD Kinderlosigkeit und ihre Bekämpfung in der Volksmedizin Folklore Studies, suppl. 1

11952 167201 Fellverarbeitung bei den Chiamri-Zelthirten Folklore Studies, suppl.1 11952 202221 Frauenarbeit bei den tibetischen Nomaden im Kukunor-Gebiet Anthropos 501955 837847 /J. Frick SVD / A. Quack SVD Der Werdegang des lamaistischen Gurtum Anthropos 83 (1988 ), 365-394 J. Eierhoff SVD / W.C. Pei, On a Collection of Prehistoric Pottery at the Catholic Mission in Lanchow Momumenta Serica 131948 376384 J. Frick SVD 43 Tage von den Roten umzingelt 43 Ostasiatische Rundschau 18 10 1936 Magische Schutzmittel füüüüüüüür Kinder aus dem Westtal von Sining Anthropos 451950 787800 Magic Remedies used on Sick Children in the Western Valley of Sining Anthropos 461951 175186 How Blood is used in Magic and Medicine in Ch inghai Province Anthropos 461951 964979 Hochzeitssitten von Hei-tsuei-tzu in der Provinz Ch inghai (China) Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 1 102 Lohnverhältnisse der Landarbeiterinnen in Ch'inghai Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 148156 /F. Eichinger SVD Tiere im Volksleben Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 125147 Der Traum und seine Deutung bei den Chinesen in Ch inghai Anthropos 491954 311313 Märchen aus Ch'inghai Anthropos 491954 511 552,Wiederversöhnung des verletzten Erdgeistes. Ein Brauch im chinesisch-tibetischen Grenzgebiet Wiener Völkerkundliche Mitteilungen 219543943 Mutter und Kind bei den Chinesen in Tsinghai Anthropos 50 1955 337374 659701 511956 51355010551063 Medicinal Uses of Substances Derived from the Animal Organism (in Tsinghai Anthropos 521957 177198

19221953 Körpergeruch als Krankheit Anthropos 581963 477484 Die Regenprozession in Lungsi (Nordwest-China) Festschrift Paul Schebesta zum 75. Geburtstag 75 1963 385400 Bäuerliches Spruchgut aus Tsinghai Sinologica 8 (1964 ), 1333, 8 (1965 ), 211-240, 9 (1967 ), 108131 Neujahrsbräuche im Westtale von Sining Anthropica (1968 ), 86125 Bäuerliches Spruchgut aus Tsinghai Sinologica 11 1970 145170 Mutterschaft Lebensziel der Chinesin von Tsinghai Sinica-Festschrift19722971 Totenriten der Chinesen im Westtal von Sining (Provinz Tsinghai) Hermann Köster (ed.) China erlebt und erforscht 197443190 P. Han SVD,Triumph through War and Suffering. The SVD Missions in West Gansu 1922-1953 1922 1953 Verbum SVD44/42003 7797 M. Hermanns SVD Die Uiguren und ihre neuentdeckten Nachkommen Anthropos 3536 19401941 7899 Schöpfungs- und Abstammungsmythen der Tibeter Anthropos 414419461949 275298817847 üüüüüüüü berlieferungen der Tibeter. Nach einem Manuskript aus dem Anfang des 13. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. 13 Monumenta Serica1948 161208 Le mystère autour du Dalai Lama Asiatische Studien 21948 133144 Das Geheimnis des Dalai Lama Wissenschaft und Weltbild 21949 195-205 Inside Tibet. Two Articles on the Dalai and Two on the Pan chen Lama The Tablet ()1949 /1950 The Uigur and Angar Language in Kan su, China Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 26 1950 192213 Tibetan Lamaism up to the Time of the Reform of Tzon kha pa Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay

1951 736 Tibetische Dialekte von A mdo Anthropos 471952 193202 The Status of Women in Tibet Anthropological Quarterly 26 1953 6778 Zur Polyandrie in Tibet Anthropos 481953 637641 Heilbringer und Erlöser der Tibeter Kairos 3-41964 180194 J. Kube SVD, Der Kaiser im Volksdenken Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 157166 A. Oberle SVD, Der Hundekopfdämon im Volksglauben des Westtales und des chinesisch-tibetischen Kontaktgebietes im Osttale von Kuei-te in der Provinz Ch inghai Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 222233 A. Quack SVD,Missionar und Ethnologe. Zum 90. Geburtstag von P. Johann Frick SVD, 90 Anthropos 891994 313 Johann Frick (1903-2003) 19032003 Anthropos 982003521525 D. Schröder SVD,Das Herbst-Dankopfer der T ujen im Sining-Gebiet, Nordwest-China Anthropos 374019421945 867873 Die Fandse. Ein Beitrag zur Volkskunde von Kham. Aus dem Chinesischen üüüüüüüübersetzt und kommentiert (a contribution to the ethnology of Khams)translated from Chinese and annotated Folklore Studies 51946 IIV 1190 Ying-hsi. Bewillkommnung der Freude Anthropos 414419461949 185192 Einige Hochzeitslieder der Tujen Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 306354 Zur Religion der Tujen des Sininggebietes (Kokonor) Anthropos 471952 179620658822870 481953 202259 Zur Struktur des Schamanismus. (Mit besonderer Berüüüüüüüücksichtigung des lamaistischen Gurtums ) Anthropos 50 1955 848881 Bemerkungen zur Scheffel-Zeremonie bei der Hochzeit der Tsinghai-Chinesen

19221953 Anthropos 511956 10851093 üüüüüüüü ber die Chia-Fandse von Bengbar (Tsinghai) und ihre Hochzeitssitten Anthropos 521957 459496 Der Dialekt der Monguor, Handbuch der Orientalistik, vol. 5: Altaistik, section 2: Mongolistik 5 2, 1964143158 P. Matthias Hermanns SVD (1899-1972) 1899-1972 Anthropos 671972 18 J. Ternay SVD Familienjustiz im Trauerhaus Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 103124 J. Trippner SVD Die shao nien-lieder in Ch inghai Folklore Studies, suppl. 1 11952 264305 Ackerdüüüüüüüüngung in der Provinz Ch inghai, China Anthropos 501955 735768 Das Röstmehl bei den Ackerbauern in Tsinghai, China Anthropos 521957 603616 Islamische Gruppen und Gräberkult in Nordwest-China Die Welt des Islam VII/1-41961142171 A. Volpert SVD Etwas üüüüüüüüber die T u yen, Ureinwohner von Westkansu Anthropos 1819 1923 1924 553556 Archbishop T. Buddenbrock AG [Archivum Generale ] SVD 631 633 27 T. Buddenbrock SVD Chronik der SVD Mission in Kansu-China 1953 AG-SVD 632 J. Gärtner SVD Die Annalen von Honanba Kansu-Tsinghai Echo 2 1951 4044 7 1951 2933 AG-SVD 632 M. Haberl SVD Unsere Reise von Urumtschi bis Rom 1939/1940AG-SVD 27Haberl M. Haberl SVD Die gegenwärtige Lage der Mission von Sinkiang 1939/1940AG-SVD 27Haberl M. Haberl SVD Geschichtliche Entwicklung des Kommunismus in China und Folgen daraus füüüüüüüür die Katholische Mission/PLG/Nov. 1939 /PLG/11 1939 1939 AG-SVD 27Haberl

MHaberl SVD Mutmaßliche Entwicklung der Provinz Sinkiang 1939/1940AG-SVD 27Haberl MHaberl SVD Nach unserer Abreise 1939/1940AG-SVD 27 G. Hillbrenner SVD Die Revolution in Sinkiang. Lage der Kath. Mission 1933 AG-SVD 633 Die Apostolische Präfektur Sinkiang [Sinkiang Chronik] [ ]1958 H. Möllers SVD J. Ternay SVD Liber Historiae Districtus Tsinghai Sining, China [Tsinghai Chronik] []1953 AG-SVD 632 J. Trippner (?) SVD Tsinghai-Bericht 1951 AG-SVD 632 A. Volpert SVD Lebensdaten eines vielgeprüüüüüüüüften Chinamissionars 1935/1936, AG 93.520 BIANCA HORLEMANN 1 80 1943 12 12

19221953 2 1935/1936 3 20 20 /30 4 20 20 /30

5 /20 20 /30 6 20 20 /30 7 / 1929

CONTENTS The Influence of Malaria on the Tian Bao War Cang Ming (1) [Abstract] From the 9th to the 11th year of the Tian Bao rule during the Tang Dynasty, two wars broke out between the Tang and the Nanzhao Regime in the Southwest. After analyzing the background of the conflict and the causes behind the failure of the Tang Dynasty, this paper argues that malaria had an effect on the outcome of the war, which had a consistent impact on the subsequent development of the Tang dynasty. A Study on the Western Route Battle between the Ming Dynasty and the Northern Yuan during the 5th Year of the Hongwu Rule Ma Shunping (6) [Abstract] During the 5th year of the Hongwu rule (AD 1372), the Ming Dynasty attacked the Northern Yuan through armies located on three different routes. The army located in the Western Route and leaded by Feng-sheng overwhelmed Mongolia and took control over the whole Hexi Corridor; but the main forces, commanded by Xuda and Li Wenzhong, failed on the Mongolian Plateau. After the battle, the Ming Dynasty turned out to be disadvantaged in terms of military strategy vis-à-vis the Northern Yuan. Documents are scarce and obscure; as compared to the other two battles, the victory of the Western Route Army has been for long time disregarded, and still lacks a comprehensive study. This article investigates time, routes, places, names and other factors which are still unclear, throughout historical sources like the Ming shih-lu, chorography and certain unearthed documents. This paper points out that during the 5th year of the Hongwu rule, the Western route army s strategic intent was to enter Helin and to join the other two forces. It ultimately prevailed over the Northern Yuan forces in the Hexi Corridor, and established the scope of Shan-xi xing-du-si. A Study on the Three Garrison Stations of He, Min and Tao during the Ming Era Wu Mu (13) [Abstract] The three garrison stations of He, Min and Tao prefectures played an important role in the politics, economy and culture of the Ming Dynasty. This is shown by the following factors: 1. The new northwest defense system of the Ming was constructed with He, Min and

Tao garrison stations as a center; 2. A multi-ethnic management system was established, based on garrison stations in which the participation of both hereditary and non-hereditary local rulers in the management of the local affairs was promoted, thus accelerating the formation of a multi-national country; 3. The characteristics of a Garrison-Fortress Culture were set up, by taking garrison stations as a basis. On the Jimi Weisuo of the Tujia Area during the Ming Dynasty Luo Weiqing, Luo Zhong (28) [Abstract] The Jimi Weisuo was an important part of the Weisuo system during the Ming Dynasty. It can be divided into frontier and mainland type. It was established in the Wuling Mountain during the Early Ming, having the characteristics of a mainland type Jimi Weisuo. The establishment of the Jimi Weisuo reflected a specific implementation of the national policy in the Tujia area during the Early Ming. At this time it was intended to favor the control over the Wuling Mountain, stabilizing the Huguang Province and guaranteeing fluency to strategic transportation lines such as the Li and the Yuan River. At the same time, the Jimi Weisuo had a deep impact on the structure of the Tujia population, on the development of culture and education and on the variations of customs and habits. A Study on the Cause of the Outbreak of the T u-mu Incident Pu Zhangxia (47) [Abstract] In 1449, the Ming Dynasty troops were utterly defeated at a post station called T u-mu. The emperor, Ying-tsung, was captured. Officials were deeply shocked when the news was delivered to Peking. Historical documents concerning to the causes of this incident vary from each other, while later generations held different ideas. This paper analyses the background of the incident and discusses the sources behind some important documents, showing that the main causes were conflicts in the tributary trade. Although records of a failed marriage can be found, such an argument cannot be sustained after analyzing and comparing these compilations with other documents. On Tribute Relationship between Nuzhen and Ming Dynasty In the Jiajing Period Li Huang (57) [Abstract] The policy of conferring chi-shu to the Nuzhen for paying the tribute, which was one of the most important policies implemented by the Ming in their domination of the Northeast, was changed during the Jiajing rule. Main concerns of this article are the new restrictions of the Jiajing period. First of all, the paper provides an analysis of actual contents

and causes behind the formulation of these new restrictions. Secondly, it lists some of the countermeasures and reactions undertaken by the Nuzhen. Finally, the paper sketches the influence of these new policies for both the Nuzhen and the Ming Dynasty. Studies on the Operating Mechanism of the Ming Dynasty Meetings Case offered by The "An Da Feng Gong" Solution Ma Jingru (69) [Abstract] Meetings were an important part of the Ming dynasty political system. At different periods, status and role of the meetings were different. Mongolia's relation with the Ming government occupied an important status in the history of this dynasty. The "An Da Feng Gong" ended 200 years of confrontation between the two, bringing about decades of peace and promoting stability in the border areas. The "An Da Feng Gong" solution was largely the outcome of a meeting, and it is here offered as case studies on the operating mechanism of the Ming Dynasty meeting. During the Ming Dynasty rule, the meeting was a very comprehensive system, with continuous improvements in its practice. Outlines for the operation of the meeting, meeting proposals, notices, formal meetings, summaries and final results were composed and circulated. Overall, it played a role in brainstorming and improving the decision-making of the imperial court, while reducing to some extent the power of the emperor. But during the late Ming era, it often became a tool for political parties. A Preliminary Study on the Diplomatic Policies towards Right and Left side of Monan Mongolia during the Wanli years of the Ming Dynasty Zhao Wen (89) [Abstract] After the Longqing Negotiation (), the division into Left and Right side of Monan Mongolia () became the base of the Ming government policies towards Mongolia. The Ming Government engaged in mutual trade and peaceful negotiations with the Right Side, while refusing to trade with the Left Side. But due to the latter s increasing pressure and its eventual invasion of the Liaodong() area, during the Wanli( ) years the Ming Government had to change its strategy of tribute refusal () towards the Left Side. The Ming realized that mutual trade with the Left side was a convenient option. In the same time, it strategically adjusted its policies in order to consolidate its relationship with the Right Side. In the late Wanli years, as a result of the ascending Post-Jin () with its remarkable pressure on the Liaodong area, the Ming Government began to devote its main forces to the pacification of the Left Side, in order to strengthen the implementation of Fu Shang Policy () and to use its force to confront the Post-Jin, while maintaining the basic principles informing its policies towards the Right Side of Mongolia,

A Preliminary Study on the Influence of Mongolian-style Clothing during the Ming Dynasty Luo Wei (120) [Abstract] A large number of pictures, ancient objects and historical records prove that during the Yuan dynasty, Mongolian people s distinct style of clothing, characteristic of their nomadic identity, exerted a certain influence on contemporary Chinese fashion. Interestingly enough, after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty the Mongolian design not only survived, but became even more popular in its various forms during the years of the Ming rule. This thesis attempts a macro-inspection of the applications of the Mongolian style in Ming Dynasty clothing, while offering an analysis of a number of related cases. As a survey, this thesis drafts a panorama of the application and development of Mongolian fashion during the Ming Dynasty. The Relationship between Manchu and Öled Tribes during the early Years of the Qing Dynasty Darijab (145) [Abstract] During the reign of Qing Tai Zong, Qing Shi Zu, the Qing dynasty and the Öled (Oyirad) tribes entertained peaceful relationships. They exchanged envoys and traded with each other. This relationship was not affected by the existing tension between the Qing and the Qalqa tribes. Although Qing Shi Zu attempted to disrupt the military alliance between Qalqa and öled tribes, his effort did not succeed. When Exactly the First Ambans Reached Lhasa Su Faxiang (165) [Abstract] Appointing Ambans (grand ministers) and establishing Ambans offices in Lhasa was one of the most important measures used by the Qing dynasty in managing and ruling Tibet. As the highest administrative officials of Tibet, the Ambans played a very important role in the Qing policy toward this area. The figure of the Ambans is not only a symbol of the Qing s sovereignty over Tibet, but also a very active force in maintaining stability and safety throughout this region and the Manchu southwestern frontiers. But there are different opinions concerning the exact time in which the Qing emperor appointed the first Ambans to Tibet. Using the holistic approach to historical studies, this paper attempts to identify when exactly the first Ambans has reached Lhasa. To discuss Youwei s Eight Banners Garrison in Qing Dynasty Liu Menglin (171)

[Abstract] Youwei s Eight Banners Garrison was the important part of the Qing Dynasty s military stations system. This article explored the historical background of Youwei s eight banners garrison s construction in Kangxi period, general and soldiers salary and the garrison s development comprehensively for the first time by using the historical materials of Qingshilu and Shoupingfuzhi. On the other hand, this article also evaluate the faction and contribution of eight banners garrison objectively. A Study on the Conception and Practice behind the Modernization of Tibetan Traffic, 1900-1949 Sun Hongnain (179) [Abstract] From 1900 to 1949, traffics were far behind the times in the Tibetan region. In order to defend the unity of the state and to strengthen the southwestern borderland, many people had insistently appealed for a development of the traffic in this area. They also forwarded of a series of suggestions and ideas, such as building a railway, roads and the airport, setting up post stations and telegraph offices, opening the mail and the air route. These suggestions and ideas had a positive impact on the Tibetan traffic from 1900 to 1949. In a certain sense, they affected the policies of both central and local Tibetan government, and therefore post stations and telegraph offices were promoted in the area. These suggestions and ideas had different outcomes in Tibet; while post stations and telegraph offices have actually been developed, the roads and the railway system had not been built until 1949. An Analysis of the Adjustment and Development of Christianity in the Wazu Area during 1950s and 1960s Qin Heping (197) [Abstract] During the 20s, Christianity entered the Wazu area of Yunnan, including Cangyuan, Lancang, Shuangjiang and Gengma. A certain amount of people converted to Christianity, which became rather influential in this region. In 1950, the Wazu area of Cangyuan and other places were liberated. Since then, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the Wazu society underwent a radical change, such as the imperative of passing directly to socialism. During this transition, under a new authority and a new management, the Wazu Christianity kept adapting to the changing circumstances, in order to cope with the social reforms and to expand and develop itself. This article focuses on Cangyuan. On the basis of numerous data and a field work, it attempts to analyze the process of adjustment and development of Christianity in the Wazu area during 1950s and 1960s. This paper argues that the mission of Christianity benefited from the tribal social structure of the Wazu society. Consequently, when in 1957 (after the cooperation movement) the Wazu society entered into socialism, the local Church declined rapidly because of the changes in the social structure. During 1950s and 1960s, Christianity in Cangyuan maintained a declining tendency, even though the local authority recovered the

freedom of religious belief. This analysis of the rise and decline of Christianity in part of the Wazu area leads us to assume that the success of Christianity was not simply due to the missionary work of faith propagation, but is was also strictly connected to the social structure of certain ethnic groups. A Study on the Southwest Part of Shan Hai Jing-Shan Jing Zhou Yunzhong (223) [Abstract] This article focuses on some records on the geography and ethnic constitution of Shan Hai Jing, in southwest China. On the basis of archeological data, historical ethnic material, linguistics and philology, most of the Shan Hai Jing records are believed to be reliable. Nevertheless, some records are distorted because of past limitations in the communication system; moreover, some records have been corrupted due to carelessness in the transcription, and need to be emended. A Preliminarily Treatise on Rao Yingqi, which Considers the Value of his Manuscripts and other related Issues Li Delong (232) [Abstract] Rao Yingqi was the third coordinator of Xinjiang and a famous governor of the northwestern borders during the late Qing dynasty. During his administration, he relieved refugees, strengthened the national defense, secured the cohesion of the nationalities, resisted to the invaders, defended the territory and safeguarded the state sovereignty despite of an increasingly complicated political and diplomatic situation. Rao Yingqi displayed honesty and uprightness during his whole life, and could be probably rated as a model of integrity for its time. Nowadays, his memorials to the imperial government, letters and telegrams have become first-hand materials in the study of the political, economical, ethnological and diplomatic situation of the late Qing rule. This is a preliminarily treatise on Rao Yingqi, which considers the value of his manuscripts and other related issues. Approaching history from an anthropological perspective the case of Wang Mingke: The nomad s choice, the first encounter between northern nomads and imperial China Zhong Han (242) [Abstract] This review offers a discussion on Wang Mingke s work The nomad s choice: the first encounter between northern nomads and imperial China, published in 2008. This discussion encompasses a number of issues addressed throughout the monograph, while highlighting the value of an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of historical data.

Moreover, this article analyses the current practice of introducing an anthropological perspective into the field of ethno-historical research, while prospecting the future of inter-disciplinary studies. Chinese Studies in Russia in the Recent Years Shang Yanbin (266) [Abstract] Oriental studies in Russia boast a worldwide influence, whereas Chinese studies surely represent a key discipline in this field. However, due to various reasons, studies on Chinese history, classical language and literature remain seemingly unknown to the Russian domestic academia. Hence, on the basis of the author s knowledge and understanding of the current situation of Chinese studies in Russia, this paper provides a detailed introduction to this issue, attempting to share with other fellow scholars information and materials collected so far, and to draw attention on the current situation of Chinese studies in Russia.

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