2003 5 May12003 2 Studies in Qing History No12 (1644 1796) [ ],,, ( ), [ ] [ ] K249 [ ] A [ ] 1002-8587 (2003) - 02-0016 - 12 An Examination of the Shengjing Imperial Household Department s Population Registers ( 1644-1796) The Shengjing Imperial Household Registers recorded demographic data on individuals at three year intervals1the registers include individual information on the relationship to household head, name, age, marital status, death, and mi2 gration1although many scholars have used these data, some basic information is unclear, such as the form of household register data and the sources, identity, and political and economical status of people, among other things1 In this essay the author examines the records of individuals included in the imperial household registers during the seventeenth and eigh2 teenth centuries in an effort to clarify some of these issues1,,,, 3600,, 1997,, [ ] 2002-10 - 15 [ ] (1972 ),, 2000 ; 200433 16
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1644),,,,,,,,,,,, 11,,,, gλϖ,, ( ), gλω,,, 10, 24, 60 gλξ,, 80 :,,,,, ( ), gλψ,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, gλζ,,, 17
,,,,, gλ{,, gλ,, gλ},,, :,, (, ), ( ),,,,,, gλ,, 56, 24 gµυ, gµϖ,, ( ),, gµω gµξ, gµψ,,, 18, 120 ( ), 12, 432 26227, 9352154 gµζ, 0136, 0151 0156, 51 56 gµ 815 717,, :, Lio sisan,,,,,,,, gµ},,, gµ ( ),, 744, 54, 50, 14 % ;, 769, 91, 86, 23 % gνυ,,,,,,,, gνϖ gνω, gνξ, gνψ
,,, :, : ( ),,, gνζ (Dzoo, Su du) : ( ),,,,,, gν{,,,,,,, gν,,, gν}, gν,, 1175 gου, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, gοϖ,,, gοω, :,,, gοξ,,, gοψ, Noohai Su ceng giyun Su kung ging,, gοζ,, 21, gο{,,,,, gο ; 19
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), ; [ ], ;, gπ},,,,,,, gπ,,,,, gθυ, :,,,,,, gθϖ,,, ( ) ( ),,, gθω,,,,,,,, gθξ, gθψ,,,, gθζ,,,,,,,, 90, 75 gθ{, 165,, 105 gθ gθ}, gθ,, gρυ,, gρϖ 519 514,,,,,,,,, :,,, gρω,, gρξ,,, 21
,, gρψ :,,,, ( ), gρζ, gρ{, gρ,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gρ} : 22,,, ;, [ ],,,, gρ, :, ( ),,,,,,,, gσυ, gσϖ gσω,,,,,,,,,,,, ( )
, gσξ, : gσψ,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, gσζ,,,, 221742, 2524321, 38110, 1151, 0117, 2,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, gσ{,,,,,,, :,,,,, gσ gσ},,,, gσ,,,, gτυ,, 23
11,,, (, ),,,,, gτϖ,,,, : gτω, gτξ,,,,, gτψ gτζ,, gτ{,,, 16 ; 14,,, 24, :,,,, gτ, ( ), gτ},, 21, gτ,, gβκυ,,,,, :,,,,, gβκϖ,, Ts oo da guwan Jang sicen Esentai Sira, 36 Ciowan Jen Jige 7 6, Ho deng wen 5 ; Ciyan li 11 gβκω,,,, ( ),, gβκξ,,,,,,,, ( ),,,
15 ; 50 ; 4 ; 2 gβκψ,,,,,,, gβκζ 16, :,, gβκ{,,,,, 16 gβκ, 15 gβκ}, 15 31,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 764, 713, 107 ; 361, 216, 167 gβκ,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, gβλυ, :,,,,, 5, 5 gβλϖ, ;,, ( ) 5, 2, 2 4, 25
,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1992 :,, 1994 :,, 2000 2,, 1994 James Z1 Lee and Cameron Cambell : Fate and Fortune in Rural China : Social Organization and Population Be2 havior in Liaoning 1774 18741 Cambridge University press, 19971 :, 1700-2000, :, 2000, :,,, 1998 ; :,, 1980 :, ( ),, 17 23, Dzooboo Su da, :,,, 1993, 61 71 93 260 : hontoho de kadalabuha anggala I 26 bele jeterengge be sin jeku jetere aha sembi (, ), 316 gλϖ : sin jeku jetere aha ( ) jetere aha, gλωgλψ,, gλξ gµυ gµψ gµ} gνυ gνϖ gνζ gν{ gοζ gπ gθψ gρυ gρξ gρψ gρζ gρ{ gσυ gσϖ gσωgσξ gβκυ gβκϖ gβκω : ( ), 1993, 61 ; 71 ; 65 ; 382 ; 65 79 ; 57 200 230 ; 2 ; 260 ; 464 ; 464 ; 422 443 ; 464 ; 443 ; 442 ; 444 ; 418 ; 533 ; 534 ; 535 ; 904 ; 382 ; 51 ; 173 209 237 gλζ 4327 gλ{ gλ :,,, :,, gλ} :,, :,, gλ gτω,,,, [ ], (1914 ),
44-46 gµϖ gµω : ( ),,,,,,, 1989, 644 gµξ gο} gπζ gπ} gπ gθυ gθξ gσ gτ gβκψ gβκζ : < >, 5,, 1984, 50 ; 34 ; 43 ; 35 ; 38 ; 68 ; 6 ; 25 ; 2 ; 34 69 ; 42 gµζ,, gµ{, :, gµ, : ( ) ( ),, gµ gνω, :,,,,,,,, gνξ :, :, 1998 6 gνψ ( ) ( :, 1995 9 ) gν :, 1982, 67 gν} gν gου gοϖ gοω gοξ ( ) :, 1997, 4 gοψ :,,,,,,,, gο{ gβλϖ : :, :,, 2000 gο JBB, gο gπυ gθζ gθ gρ gρ} gρ gβκ gβκ}, 576 609 633 621 ; 550 ; 550 ; 644 ; 644 ; 645 ; 599 ; 608 gπϖ gπω, gπξ ( ), 69 791 550, 1410 ; 97 4132 2671, 6900 gπψ gπ{ :,, gθϖ gβλυ gθωgθ ( ) gθ{ gθ} :,, gρϖ gτψ gβκξ gρω gσψjbb 2324 2333 2334 gσζ:,, 8157,,, gσ{ gσ James Z1 Lee and Cameron Cambell, Fate and Fortune in Rural China : Social Organization and Population Be2 havior in Liaoning 1774 18741 25 gσ} : ;, ;,, ( 61 ) 27
: 7 71, 197038, : 2213315, 11123 % ; 114744, 58123 % ; 1411516, 7116 % ; 306217, 1155 % ; 4297912, 21181 %, (1) : 30, 108371, : 55 % ; 23 % ; 17 % ; 5 % (2) : 5 35, 74482, : 49848, 66192 % ; 24636, 33108 %, (1) : 70 : 28 % ; 22178 % (2) : 166, 271938181, : 11022173, 40153 % ; 134702181, 49153 % ; 13870114, 511 % ; 7417123, 2172 % ; 3880181, 1142 %, : 8 207, 368099, : 3613 % ; 4415 % ; 2912 %, : 7 50 334, 526975149, : 129073167, 24149 % ; 257818102, 48192 % ; 12342185, 2134 % ; 127740195, 24124 % :, 1984,,, ( 27 ),,, ( ), gτυ gτ :, 1995 9 gτϖ gτξjbb : ( ),, 566 570 571 578 gτζjbb, 84 90 190 gτ{,, 165 gτ}jbb, 2577 ( ) gβκ JBB, 2376 : 806, 27, 15, 764 61