: 3 :,,, 2003 CGSS,, :,, 20 80, ( ),, 3 2003 (CGSS2003) 2003 CGSS, www. chinagss. org 2003 CGSS,, 15
2007. 6,,,,,,, (1975) (,2004 :284-286) (1981) 20,, (,1987 :6) L. 19 20,, (,2005b),,, ;,,,,,, ( ) (,1989) :, :A,, ;B, ;C ;D, (,1987 : 326-327) 16
:,,,, 80,,, (Lett,1998 ;,1994 ;,2004 ;,2005b),,, ( ), ( ) (,2005),,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, ( Parkin,1968) (,2005a ;,1999), (2005), 17
2007. 6, :,? :,,,,,,, (,1987 :13),,,,, ;,,,, ( ) :,, : ( ), 18
: ( ), (,2001 :2) ( ), ;, (,2006 :244-246) :, ;, (,2001),,,,, (,2006) (,2006), (,1998),,,,, (,2006 :10), :, (,2006 : 3),,, ( ), ( ) (,2006 :262), (,2006) 19
2007. 6,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, (,2006 ;,1982),,,,,, ( ),,, 7,, (,2006 :3) 20
:,,,,,,,, ( ) (old middle class) (new middle class), (,1987), 200, :,,, ;,,,,, (,2005),,,, :, 11 :,,,, 6 (, 21
2007. 6 2005a :5) (, 2004 :312), :,, : ( ) ( ) ( ),2004), (,2003),,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,,, ;, 2. :,, 22
:, :, ;, : 1 :,,, : 2 :,,,,,, (,1998 ;,2001),,,, (,1987), : 3 :,,,, 23
2007. 6,, 2003 (CGSS2003) ( ), ( ) 11 CGSS ( ),, :,,,,,,, 1 ( ) 1,, 1 2 3 3216 % 2118 % 2118 % ;, 4 5 (2011 % 2119 %) 2 3 (1417 % 1719 %),, ( 4817 %, 4310 % ;, 4718 %, 4112 % ), 24
:,, 1 1 2 3 4 5 32. 6 % 21. 8 % 21. 8 % 14. 3 % 9. 5 % 1118 25. 4 % 14. 7 % 17. 9 % 20. 1 % 21. 9 % 224 1 2 3 4 5 0. 2 % 7. 7 % 48. 7 % 31. 4 % 12. 0 % 1188 1. 1 % 6. 5 % 43. 0 % 28. 0 % 21. 5 % 279 1 2 3 4 5 0. 4 % 7. 7 % 47. 8 % 30. 3 % 13. 9 % 1032 0. 4 % 7. 1 % 41. 2 % 31. 1 % 20. 2 % 238 : ;,, 21,,,CGSS J9 J2, J9 : 1-1 0, 5 ; J2 : 2 1 0-1 - 2, 5 ; J6 : ; J3 : 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 12, 25
2007. 6,, J6 J3,, ( ) 11 2 Iogistic, 2,,,,,, :, 3 3,, 1912 % 1418 % 1018 %,, 514 % 1210 % 912 %, (1013 %) (213 %), 1,, 3, 1517 % ;, 26
: 27
2007. 6 28
: 3 1517 %(19. 2 %) 110 %(5. 4 %) 1617 % 1211 %(14. 8 %) 212 %(12. 0 %) 1414 % 818 %(10. 8 %) 117 %(9. 2 %) 1015 % 1817 %(22. 9 %) 713 %(39. 7) 2610 % 2414 %(29. 9 %) 413 %(23. 4 %) 2817 % 119 %(2. 3 %) 119 %(10. 3 %) 318 % 8116 %(100 %) 1814 %(100 %) 10010 % :, 1425 = 0189, p < 01001, 21 4, 4 1 415 %(5. 6 %) 013 %(1. 6 %) 418 % 2 2519 %(32. 1 %) 314 %(17. 6 %) 2913 % 3 3518 %(44. 3 %) 811 %(42. 2 %) 4319 % 4 1311 %(16. 2 %) 516 %(29. 2 %) 1817 % 5 115 %(1. 9 %) 118 %(9. 4 %) 313 % 8018 %(100. 0 %) 1912 %(100. 0 %) 100. 0 % 2610 %(32. 0 %) 110 %(5. 3 %) 2711 % 5512 %(68. 0 %) 1718 %(94. 7 %) 7219 % 8112 %(100. 0 %) 1818 %(100. 0 %) 100. 0 % 2819 %(35. 5 %) 1018 %(58. 1 %) 3917 % 5215 %(64. 5 %) 718 %(41. 9 %) 6013 % 8114 %(100. 0 %) 1816 %(100. 0 %) 10010 % :, 1425, = 0125 p < 0105 ; = 0182, p < 01001 ; = 0133, p < 0105, 29
2007. 6 4,,,, (3210 %) (513 %),,, (415 % + 2519 %) (1311 % + 115 %),, (5811 %Π3515 %),?,, 5 5 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 481269 1 481269 41878 1027 189301972 1913 91896 189791241 1914 ( 5),, ( P = 01027 < 0105),,, 4,, 2, 31 6 30
: 6 1 2515 %(31. 6 %) 014 %(1. 6 %) 2518 % 2 3110 %(38. 4 %) 114 %(7. 3 %) 3214 % 3 1418 %(18. 3 %) 311 %(16. 1 %) 1719 % 4 810 %(9. 9 %) 516 %(29. 2 %) 1316 % 5 114 %(1. 7 %) 818 %(45. 8 %) 1012 % 8017 %(100. 0 %) 1913 %(100. 0 %) (100. 0 %) 7613 %(93. 6 %) 714 %(39. 3 %) 83. 7 % 514 %(6. 4 %) 1019 %(60. 7 %) 16. 3 % 81. 7 %(100. 0 %) 18. 3 %(100. 0 %) (100. 0 %) :, 1425, = 0134 p < 0105 ; = 0180, p < 0101, 6,,,,, (2515 % + 3110 %) (810 % + 114 %) 6 ; (014 % + 114 %) (516 % + 818 %) 1215 %, ( 7), ( P = 01045 < 0105),,, 31
2007. 6,, 6,,, 7 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 191016 1 191016 1693 1045 480531559 1752 271428 480721575 1753,,, 3,,, (8116 %) (1814 %),,,,,,,,, 32
:,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,??,?,,,,,,,,,,,, 33
2007. 6 : (CGSS) 2003 J9 :,??? 11 (1) (2) (3) 21, (1) (2) (3) 31, (1) (2) (3) 41, (1) (2) (3) 51, (1) (2) (3) 61, (1) (2) (3) 71, (1) (2) (3) 81 (1) (2) (3) 91 (1) (2) (3) 101,,(1) (2) (3) 111, (1) (2) (3) 121, (1) (2) (3) J6 :,,,,? 1, 2, 3 4 5 () 34
: J2 :? 11, (1) (2) (3) (4) b 21 (1) (2) (3) (4) b, 31 (1) (2) (3) (4) b 41 (1) (2) (3) (4) b 51 (1) (2) (3) (4) b 61 (1) (2) (3) (4) b 71 (1) (2) (3) (4) b 81 (1) (2) (3) (4) b 91, (1) (2) (3) (4) b 101, (1) (2) (3) (4) b 111 (1) (2) (3) (4) b 121, (1) (2) (3) (4) b 131 (1) (2) (3) (4) b J3 :? ( : ) 1 8 2 9 3 10 4 11 5 12 6 13 7 14 35
2007. 6 D12 : 2002,? 11 21 31 41 51 a1 D13 :,? 11 21 31 41 51 :,1998, :, :,2006, ( 2 ), :,1997,, : O.,2006,, :,2004Π1937,, :,1987,, :,2003, 6,2005,, :,1999, 3,2004, :,2005, 1,1989,, :,2005, 20 90, 6,1975,,,1998, :,2001, :,1982, g g g ψ gg, :,2001, :,2005,? ( ) 2,2004, :, 3,2005, :, ( ) 2,1994, :,2006, :,2002, 4 36
:,2004, 6,1981, :,2005a, :,2005b, :,2005c, :, 5 Goldthorpe,John. 1982, On the Service Class, Its Information and Future. in A. Giddens & G. Mackenize (eds. ), Social Class and the Division of Labor. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Bourdieu,Pierre 1984, Distinction : A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Cambridge, MA. :Harvard University Press. Lett,D. Potrzeba 1998, In Pursuit of Status : The Making of South Korea s New Urban Middle Class. Cambridge, MA. : Harvard University Asia Center and Harvard University Press. Parkin, Frank 1969, Class Stratification in Socialist Societies. The British Journal of Sociology 20. Wright,Erik Olin 1985, The Biography of a Concept :Contradictory Class Locations. in John Holmwood (ed. ), Social Stratification. London : Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. : : 37
SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES 2007 (Bimonthly) Vol. 22 November, 2007 6 PAPER Class Structure and the Middle Class Location in Urban China Liu Xin 1 Abstract: In this paper, the author attempts to develop a scheme of class sortation in urban China and locate the middle class within this framework. The author argues that the dynamic basis and mechanism of social stratification in socialist China are different from those in the capitalist market economies. Public power, control rights over assets (public and private), and human capital (professional assets) constitute the dynamic basis for class differentiation in contemporary China. Based on these dynamics, 17 class positions and 5 classes can be identified in urban China. The five classes are the top classes (command class), upper middle classes,lower middle classes, skilled workers, and non2 skilled workers. Statistical findings from a national sampling survey data from urban China (CGSS 2003) suggest that, the proposed class framework can significantly reduce variances of variables, such as income and housing, subjective class identification, and perception of happiness. These research results show the validity of the proposed class scheme in contemporary urban China. Different Ways to Different Types : Typological analysis about the middle class in present China s towns Li Lulu &Li Sheng 15 Abstract: This article analyzes social functions of China s middle class against the background of institution transformation. Using the dual analytic framework of reallocation to market and logic of social structure 2 class experience 2 class identity 2 class character, the writer makes typological differentiation between present China s middle classes, and defines this kind of differentiation as endogenous vs. exogenous. Also, based on the data of CGSS 2003, the writer discusses different characters and social functions of these two different types from three aspects, i. e., generational continuity, political consciousness, and consumption consciousness, providing a typological mode for analyzing the differentiation of present China s middle class. The Chinese Household Registration and Intergenerational Social Mobility Wu Xiaogang 38 242