* 1 2 * GD10YHQ01 2011 2010 1 2011 7 2 4400 2010 World Bank 2010 182
2011 cultural remittances Basch et al. 1994 6 Portes et al. 1999 Landolt 2001 183
2012. 3 Vertovec 2004 2003 Glick - Schiller et al. 1992 Guarnizo et al. 2003 Smith 2005 religious remittances political remittances social remittances Grasmuck & Pessar 1991 Gold 2001 Goldring 2004 Levitt 1998 Flores 2005 1 2003 52-55 2004 2005 237-238 Kuah 2000 131-132 1999 2005 2000 2002 2003 228 Smart & Lin 2007 1 184
Portes & Guarnizo 1991 2010 /1922 1999 2000 161 16 185
2012. 3 1 1 1 68. 76 75 10 1333 1454 58. 46 118 3. 81 323 650 1 4 2 2 1 2 2010 2011 2010 2008 186
1 19 30 20 60 70 70 2 2011 9 15 1 2 187
2012. 3 Chinese American American Chinese 2011 10 5 2002 13 1 20 80 10 2010 3 3 4 1 2010 2009 19022 7044 13033 2 ~ 3 12 188
800 4 5 2010 11 3 4 3 6 2010 11 3 1. 1 1 189
2012. 3 1988 9 28 2011 9 7 2. 5 1 1 190
1936 1982 60 70 2010 9 11 1000 4 100 11 2010 11 9 191
2012. 3 3. 2007 30 7 500 1 1980 10 3 1 112 2010 10 12 26 192
300 100 2010 12 29 1 2 2002 13 1 2 193
2012. 3 middleman minority Red China 20 80 30 90 2011 2 11 1985 12 194
2010 2 48576 3 1990 195
2012. 3 1 5 1990 1 10 5 2 50 50 2 90 1. 1 2 2010 2 IMF 2010 3775 2011 2010 15306 6124 10715 20 90 196
1982 100 200 2011 2 12 2011 2 15 2. 20 90 197
2012. 3 198
199
2012. 3 1 1 2011 2011 3 1 2010 2010 2011 2011 2003 2010 2010 2010 2003 200
1999 5 2005 2 2011 2002 2005 2003 2007 1978-2005 2000 2002 3 2010 /1922 2008 1999 4 2004 2 Basch Linda Nina Glick-Schiller & Cristina Blanc-Szanton 1994 Nations Unbound Transnational Projects Post Colonial Predicaments and Deteritorialized Nation States. Langhorne PA Gordon and Breach. Flores Juan 2005 The Diaspora Strikes Back Reflections on Cultural Remittances. NACLA Report on the Americas 39 3. Glick-Schiller Nina Linda Basch & Cristina Blanc-Szanton 1992 Transnationalism A New Analytic Framework for Understanding Migration. In Nina Glick-Schiller Linda Basch & Cristina Blanc-Szanton eds. Towards a Transnational Perspective on Migration Race Class Ethnicity and Nationalism Reconsidered. New York The New York Academy of Sciences. Gold Steven 2001 Gender Class and Network Social Structure and Migration Patterns among Transnational Israelis. Global Networks 1. Goldring Luin 2004 Family and Collective Remittances to Mexico A Multi-dimensional Typology. Development and Change 35 4. Grasmuck Sherri & Patricia R. Pessar 1991 Between Two Islands Dominican International Migration. Berkeley University of California Press. Guarnizo Luis E. Alejandro Portes & William Haller 2003 Assimilation and Determinants of 201
2012. 3 Transnational Political Action among Contemporary Migrants. American Journal of Sociology 108. Kuah Khun Eng 2000 Rebuilding the Ancestral Village Singaporeans in China. Aldershot Ashgate. Landolt Patricia 2001 Salvadoran Economic Transnationalism Embedded Strategies for Household Maintenance Immigrant Incorporation and Entrepreneurial Expansion. Global Networks 1. Levitt Peggy 1998 Social Remittances Migration Driven Local-level Forms of Cultural Diffusion. International Migration Review 32. Levitt Peggy & Deepak Lamba-Nieves 2011 Social Remittances Revisited. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 37. Portes Alejandro & Luis E. Guarnizo 1991 Tropical Capitalists U. S. -bound Immigration and Small Enterprise Development in the Dominican Republic. In S. Diaz-Briquets & S. Weintraub eds. Migration Remittances and Small Business Development Mexico and Caribbean Basin Countries. Boulder Co. Westview Press. Portes Alejandro Luis E. Guarnizo & Patricia Landolt 1999 The Study of Transnationalism Pitfalls and Promise of an Emergent Research Field. Ethnic and Racial Studies 22. Smart Alan & George C. S. Lin 2007 Local Capitalisms Local Citizenship and Translocality Rescaling from Below in the Pearl River Delta Region China. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 31 2. Smith Robert C. 2005 Mexican New York Transnational Worlds of New Immigrants. Berkeley University of California Press. Vertovec Steven 2004 Migrant Transnationalism and Modes of Transformation. International Migration Review 38. World Bank 2010 Migration and Remittances Factbaook 2011 World Bank Group. 202
pation. The effectiveness of social mobilization depends on whether it meets people s values in the specific social backgrounds. Given the dominance of economic rationality in pension participation the effectiveness of mobilization must meet peasant households economic interests. In developing countries people s understanding and acceptance of new institutions are limited so social mobilization has a positive function in promoting social development and institutional change. Family Endowment Family Decision and the Returning of Rural Migrants Shi Zhilei & Yang Yunyan 157 Abstract Previous studies mainly took individuals as their research subjects when analyzing why rural migrants return home while this study adopted households as research subjects and examined the internal mechanism of family endowments effect on the returning of rural migrants from the view of new household economics. Through analyzing the impact of family endowments on labor return the effect of family endowments on individual development is estimated. The study finds that there is a family endowment effect with effective use of family endowments the returner could get higher return on investments at home it is also the major way to achieve capability development after they return in addition another motive for return is that the human capital and economic capital accumulated in cities could bring higher returns back home. Social Status Compensation through Transnational Practices A comparative study of cultural remittances between two emigrant groups from South China Li Xiangyi & Zhou Min 182 Abstract Since China implements economic reforms and relaxes its policy toward diasporic communities many overseas Chinese have made donations to their hometowns qiaoxiang in Chinese for noneconomic purposes notably for building schools libraries and ancestral shrines which may be referred to as cultural remittances. This type of transnational practice has greatly promoted the sociocultural development in qiaoxiang. But from our observation patterns of transnational practices differ among emigrant groups from different places of origin. Informed by prior research we propose a conceptual framework of social status compensation and illustrate it by analyzing comparative data collected from fieldwork in two qiaoxiang Kan Town in Guangdong Province and Wen Town in Hainan Province. We find that the gap in geopolitical positions between the sending and receiving countries reduces the transaction costs of remittances-sending hence increasing the ability of emigrants to make donations for noneconomic purposes. We also find that emigrants status inconsistency and their sense of belonging in receiving societies greatly influence cultural remittances-sending. In addition local governments and qiaoxiang societies respond to emigrant transnational practices differently. These macro meso and micro factors 245
interact to give rise to unique mechanisms of social status compensation which serve to account for the variations in the quantity of cultural remittance in qiaoxiang. Fengshui Clans and the Structuring of Local Society Social change of Huangyao in Qing Dynasty Mai Sijie 203 Abstract During the age of empires Fengshui was one of the important contents of rural culture in China. It reflected not only the social order of local society but also the combination of state institutions and folk culture. We could understand the complex interactive process between the space notions of common people and the structuring of local society by analyzing the evolvement of Fengshui discourse. Based on Fengshui s evolvement in Huangyao street this article examines how the local people in Fu river area organized their social life by restating space notions in Qing Dynasty. REVIEW Social Quality Research and Its Recent Development Zhang Haidong Shi Haibo & Bi Jingqian 223 Abstract This paper investigates two independent origins of social quality research and provides a detailed introduction to the concepts theories and methods of the two origins. The authors also focus on analyzing the development of European social quality research in Asian countries including China and point out that the concepts theoretical system and methods of the social quality research in China are all transplanted from European social quality research rather than the academic inheritance and development of local social quality research. There are still many limitations for both European social quality research and the localization efforts in the process of transplanting European social quality research to China. ACADEMIC INFORMATION BOARD 246