The Problems of Temporality in Narrativity
Narratinity sign process narrative Gérard Genette symbolic nature Rolamd Barthes the weave of signifiers 1
2 1...1 10 16..19 19 26 30 37..47 48 54 59 73..79 80 87 92
99..105 117 119 3
Narratolgie Narratology Structuralism Tzvetan Todorov 1969 Ferdinand de Saussure 1857~1913 semiotics 1
schéma schema Formalism Vladimir Propp Claude Bremond Tzvetan Todorov 1 A. J. Greimas 2 1 2 3 4 1 Tzvetan Todorov 1994 7 2 A.J.Greimas 1999 7 2
3 A B B A actants actants Bremond Tzvetan Todorov A. J. Greimas 3 A.J.Greimas 1999 7 3
sequence 1966 Tzvetan Todorov 4 histoire 5 discours 1969 Gérard Genette 6 7 narration 1983 Shlomith Rimmon Kenan story text narration 8 1985 Mieke Bal 4 Tzvetan Todorov 1994 7 5 histoire 6 7 Figures 2003 1 8 1991 4 Kenan Narrative Fiction Contemporary Poetics London and Now York 4
fabula story text 9 story narrative discourse narration temps mode voix 10 temps de l énonciation 11 ordre order durée duration fréquence frequency focalization vision point of view Methuen 1994 p.3 9 Mieke Bal Narratology Introduction to the Theory of Narrative 1995 11 3 10 Tzvetan Todorov 1994 7 54 67 11 Narrative Discourse An Essay in Method Figures 2003 1 5
12 non focalisé focalization zéro focalization interne focalization externe 13 situation narrator implied author 14 Mieke Bal 12 1994 20 13 Narrative Discourse An Essay in Method Figures 2003 1 14 Mieke Bal Narratology Introduction to the Theory of Narrative 6
Narrative récit narrative histoire récit narration 15 événements events sequence discours discourse l énoncé narratif acte narrativity 15 Narrative Discourse An Essay in Method Figures 2003 1 76~77 7
narrative texture 16 17 16 John Crowe Ransom structure texture local textured 17 Steven Cohan Linda M. Shires Telling Stories a theoretical analysis of narrative fiction 1997 9 1 8
9 Jean-Claude Coquet J. Courtes trans-linguistics structure Ferdinand de Saussure
langue parole dichotomy 18 language langue sign 19 signifier signified Roland Barthes 1915~1980 relatum 18 Ferdinand de Saussure 1857~1913 Charles Bally Albert Sechehaye 1985 19 Ferdinand de Saussure 1857~1913 Charles Bally Albert Sechehaye 1985 90~92 10
20 signification Roman Jakobson 1896~1982 sign process 21 context message addresser addresee contact code 20 Roland Barthes Eléments de Sémiologie 1998 2 162 The nature of sifgnifier suggests roughly the same remarks as that of the signified: it is purely a relatum, whose definition cannot be separated from from that of the signified. The only difference is that the signifier is a mediator: some matter is necessary to it. the substance of the signifier is always meterail(sound, object, images). Roland Barthes Elements of Semology translated by p.47. 21 Roman Jakobson 2001 6 53 11
22 signified signifier sender receiver medium code 23 referential poetic emotive conative phatic meta-lingual 22 1986 47 23 Roman Jakobson 2001 6 53 12
selfflexity 13
14
15 poetic poeticity
16 (telling story) events sequence semiotics 24 sender sign receiver sign signifier signified code medium 24 Seymour Chatman Wallace Martin
sign process 25 signified signifier sender receiver medium code story discourse sender receiver medium narrative mode narrator narratee 26 25 1986 47 Seymour Chatman, Story and Discourse Structure in Fiction and Film Narrative, Ithaca Cornell 17
Real Implied Narrator Narratee Implied Real author author reader reader Roland Barthes 1915~1980 27 28 narrator narratee 29 University 1980. p151. 1991 5 191 27 Roland Barthes 1915~1980 1987 113 1994 6 36~38 53~55 1994 6 11 18
30 Shlomith Rimmon Kenan 31 Roland Barthes 1915~1980 From Work to Text text work process of demonstration 30 Wayne C. Booth 1912~ Seymour Chatman Wallace Martin Shlomith Rimmon Kenan 31 1991 102~104 19
32 consumption symbolic nature 33 the play on word 32 Roland Barthes From Work to Text in Translated by Stephen Heath, New York Noonday, 1993. p.157. 33 Roland Barthes From Work to Text in Translated by Stephen Heath, New York Noonday, 1993. p.158 159 20
presentation 34 Plato BC 427~347 Aristotle BC384~322 re-presentation re expressionism 内 imitation theory trans-presentation Jacques Derrida 1930~ Metaphysics of presence 35 representation expression present presentation W. J. T. Mitchell Representation Frank Lentricchia Thomas McLaughlin 1994 2001 2 153 21
1956 Roman Jakobson 1896 1982 Ferdinand de Saussure 1857~1913 syntagme syntagmatic paradigme paradigmatic 36 37 axis of combination axis of selection contiguity association similarity 36 Ferdinand de Saussure 1857~1913 Charles Bally Albert Sechehaye Course in General Linguistics 1985 132~133 37 22
38 39 synchonic 40 41 diachronic 38 1984 85 1986 52~53 40 Robert Scholes Structuralism in literature an introduction 2001 1 21 1994 4 23
42 narrator narratee Robert Scholes Structuralism in literature an introduction 2001 1 21 24
25
interart project Comparative Art 43 43 1999 12 7 26
present 44 2001 2 153 27
28
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1770~1831 29
45 46 47 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1770~1831 1982 3 341 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1770~1831 1982 3 369 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1770~1831 1982 3 370 30
48 melody rhythm tone Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1770~1831 1982 3 344 31
32
49 the flow speech 50 Roland Barthes Translated by Annette Lavers and Colin Smith Elements of Semiology New York Hill and Wang 1999 64 Roland Barthes (Le Degre Zero de I Ecriture Elements de Semiologie) 1998 2 174 33
harmony polyphony 51 seme 52 Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin 1895~1975 34
similarity 53 Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin 1895~1975 54 1994 7 182 1998 4 195 35
Bremond 55 56 portée 57 1994 6 123 1994 5 98 1987 9 115~116 é Figures 2003 1 95 36
1 2 3 37
58 亘 59 60 58 1984 213 59 60 38
61 structures achroniques anachronies 62 Gabriel García Márquez 61 Figures 2003 1 123 39
On Hundred Years of Solitude 63 1992 11 40
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Roland Barthes 1915~1980 Le Plaisir du texte 64 Le Degré Zéro de L Écriture 65 represent medium refer signifier correspond signified 64 Art seems compromised, historically, socially. Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text, Translated by Richard Miller, Oxford Blackwell, 1975.p54. 65 Roland Barthes 1998 2 91 42
Michel Foucault 1926~1984 Je parle. 66 Georgia O Keeffe 66 Michel Foucault 1926~1984 La pensée du dehors I speak. Michel Foucault, La pensée du dehors, translated by Jeffrey Mehlman, New York Zone Book, 1987. p9-13. 43
44 fiction (BuKTop opucob IIIKJIOBCK 1893~1984)
67 68 (OCTpaHHeH e) (abtomat 3a ) 69 70 67 1994 68 1992 6 69 1994 326 70 1994 45
71 71 1994 46
72 Roland Barthes 1915~1980 Le Plaisir du texte dilatory 73 72 1994 73 47
dilatory 74 Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text, Translated by Richard Miller, Oxford Blackwell, 1975. p18. 74 1986 107 48
75 76 77 78 Roland Barthes 1915~1980 79 75 76 77 1994 78 1994 79 Pleasure s force of suspension can never be overstated: it is a veritable époché, a stoppage which 49
Tzvetan Todrov 80 congeals all recognized values recognized by oneself. Pleasure is a neuter the most perverse form of the demoniac. Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text, Translated by Richard Miller, Oxford Blackwell, 1975. p65. 80 103 10 50
poetic poeticity Tzvetan Todrov 81 autotelic Roman Jakobson 82 signification 81 82 1986 106 51
Roman Jakobson 1956 Closing Statement Linguietics and Poetics selfreflexity 83 Tzvetan Todrov 83 1994 7 172-211 52
84 Roland Barthes the grain of the voice 85 substance 86 What is poetry? 87 84 1994 7 36 85 Roland Barthes, 86 Roland Barthes, 87 Jakobson, What is poetry? in Language in literature, edited by Krystyna Pomorska and Stephen Rudy, Cambridge, Mass. Belknap Press, 1987, p369~378. 53
88 terrible 89 90 88 1986 49 89 1986 49 90 177~178 54
Roland Barthes 91 91 Roland Barthes (Le Degré Zéro de L Écriture) 55
Roland Barthes 92 Jakobson axis of combination axis of selection equivalence similarity dissimilarity synonymity antonymity 93 contiguity Translated by Annette Lavers and Colin Smith, Writing Degree Zero, New York Hill and Wang, 2001. P.48. 92 Roland Barthes (Le Degré Zéro de L Écriture) 93 56
Jakobson 94 Roland Barthes Roland Barthes content 1994 7 182 The selection is produced on the base of equivalence. similarity dissimilarity, synonymity antonymity, while the combination, the build up the sequence, is based on contiguity. Roman Jakobson, in Style in Language, Eds. By Thomas A. Sebeok. Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press,1960 p.358. 94 1994 7 182 The poetic function projects the principle of equivalence from the axis of selection into the axis of combination Roman Jakobson, in Style in Language, Eds. By Thomas A. Sebeok. Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press,1960 p.358. 57
95 Roland Barthes objects words 96 95 Roland Barthes (Le Degré Zéro de L Écriture) Fixed connections being abolished, the word is left only with a vertical project, it is like a monolith, or a pillar which plunges into a totality of meanings, reflexes and recollections: it is a sign which stands. Thus under each Word in modern poetry there lies a sort of existential geology, in which is gathered the total content of the Name, instead of a chosen content as in classical prose and poetry. Translated by Annette Lavers and Colin Smith, Writing Degree Zero, New York Hill and Wang, 2001. P.48. 96 Roland Barthes (Le Degré Zéro de L Écriture) Translated by Annette Lavers and Colin Smith, Writing Degree Zero, New York Hill and Wang, 2001. 58
97 97 2001 227 59
98 Roland Barthes the weave of signifiers 99 From Text to Work 98 2000 24 99 Roland Barthes, From Work to Text in Translated by Stephen Heath, New York Noonday, 1993. p.159. 60
100 101 Roland Barthes an overcrossing 102 Roland Barthes 100 101 a serial movement of disconnection, overlapping, variation. 102 61
/ narrative discourse / story 103 104 Gunther Müller Erzählte Zeit Erzählzeit 105 temps du signifiant 103 104 105 Gunther Müller Erzählzeit und erzählte Festschrift für Kluchorn Morphologische Poetik Tubingen Gérard Genette Figures 2003 1 83 62
temps du signifié Gérard Genette 106 107 108 ordre order durée duration fréquence frequency anachronies analepses prolepses le point de référence degré zéro isochronie tempo andante allegro presto pause scéne sommaire 106 107 Christian Metz Essais sur la signification au cin ma Gérard Genette Figures 2003 1 83 108 Figures 2003 1 63
ellipse féquence narrative What happened What is going to happen Roland Barthes 64
109 Ferdinand de Saussure 1857~1913 synchronie 110 109 Translated by Richard Miller Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. p.10. 110 Ferdinand de Saussure Charles Bally Albert Sechehaye Course in General Linguistics 1985 110 65
power 66
67
durée duration tempo 111 amplitude portée 1997 1931 isochronie constance de vitesse mouvement 111 68
ellipse pause scéne sommaire un segment nul de récit Mieke Bal 112 slow down 113 112 Mieke Bal slow-down 113 Mieke Bal Narratology Introduction to the Theory of Narrative 1995 11 69
(Marcel Proust) la Recherche du temps perdu 114 le tissu conjonctif sommaire 115 scéne 116 114 115 116 Mieke Bal Narratology Introduction to the Theory of Narrative 70
117 Aristotle Poetics 118 succession d étates 119 緜 117 Figures 2003 152 118 Aristotle, Poetics in Aristotle s Poetics, translated by S. H. Butcher, 65~66 119 Gérard Genette Narrative Discourse An Essay in Method Figures 2003 158 71
Jorge Luis Borges 1899~1986 120 Le jeu avec le Temps 121 faire jouer en faire jeu 122 120 Jorge Luis Borges 1994 37~38 121 Gérard Genette Narrative Discourse An Essay in Method Figures 2003 197 122 Gérard Genette Narrative Discourse An Essay in Method Figures 2003 208 72
123 123 Jorge Luis Borges 1994 36 73
124 Roland Barthes objects words 125 124 Jorge Luis Borges 2002 176 125 Roland Barthes (Le Degré Zéro de L Écriture) Translated by Annette Lavers and Colin Smith, Writing Degree Zero, New York Hill and Wang, 2001. 74
succession d étates 126 Niveaux narratifs 126 Gérard Genette Narrative Discourse An Essay in Method Figures 2003 158 75
76 bande de Moebius
127 128 129 130 127 2001 52 128 2001 130 129 2001 198 130 2001 72 77
Topology 78
Jorge Luis Borges 1899~1986 1979 131 132 131 Jorge Luis Borges 2002 268-269 132 79
voice Wayne C. Booth 1912- The Rhetoric of Fiction showing telling 133 Telling Stories A Theoretical Analysis of Narrative Fiction 134 narrator narratee 133 1987 19-23 Wayne C. Booth, The Rhetoric of Fiction, Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1983, p.16-20. 134 Steven Cohan Linda M. Shires Telling Stories a theoretical analysis of narrative fiction 1997 165 80
135 1983 1986 136 137 138 139 1986 135 Roland Barthes 1987 136 1986 1983 1983 1986 137 138 139 81
140 141 Mieke Bal 142 Italo Calvino Se una notte d inverno un viqggiatore 140 141 142 Mieke Bal Narratology Introduction to the Theory of Narrative 1995 140 82
83 143 143 2003 118~119
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perspective 144 qui voit qui parle mode voix l indicatif representation subjectivité dans le langage énonciation 145 144 Percy Lobbock point de vue Jean Pouillon vision Georges Blin restrictions de champ 145 Gérard Genette Narrative Discourse An Essay in Method Figures 2003 228 85
146 146 2000 23 86
147 148 147 148 87
149 150 149 Jorge Luis Borges 2002 678 150 2000 23 88
151 151 2000 35 89
story discourse sender receiver medium narrative mode 90
91 Roland Barthes 1915~1980 text symbolic nature narrator narratee
92
93 Michel Foucault, 1926~1984 (BuKTop opucob IIIKJIOBCK 1893~1984)
94
95 work
96 Gérard Genette
97 Wayne C. Booth 1912-
98
2004.7.11 99
Ferdinand de Saussure 1857~1913 Charles Bally Albert Sechehaye Course in General Linguistics 1985 Roman Jakobson A Roman Jakobson Anthology 2001 6 Roman Jakobson, Language in literature, edited by Krystyna Pomorska and Stephen Rudy, Cambridge, Mass. Belknap Press, 1987. Roman Jakobson, Language, Eds. By Thomas A. Sebeok. Cambridge, Mass:MIT Press,1960. Roman Jakobson, Selected Writing, Hague: Mouton, 1971. Roland Barthes 1915~1980 (Le Degré Zéro de L Écriture Élements de Semiologie) 1998 2 Roland Barthes, Writing Degree Zero, Translated by Annette Lavers and Colin Smith, New York Hill and Wang, 2001. Roland Barthes, Elements of Semiology, Translated by Annette Lavers and Colin Smith, New York Hill and Wang, 1999 100
Roland Barthes 1915~1980 S/Z 2001 10 Roland Barthes 1915~1980 1987 Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text Le Plaisir du texte, Translated by Richard Miller Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. Roland Barthes, Image Music Text, Translated by Stephen Heath, New York Noonday, 1993. 1986 Tzvetan Todrov Critique de la Critique 1997 Robert Scholes Semiotics and Interpretation 1989 3 Robert Scholes Structuralism in literature an introduction 2001 1 Robert Scholes Structuralism in literature an introduction 1994 7 Steven Cohan Linda M. Shires Telling Stories a theoretical analysis of narrative fiction 1997 9 Mieke Bal 101
Narratology Introduction to the Theory of Narrative 1995 11 1994 6 1994 5 Algirdas Julien Greimas 1917~1993 1999 7 Gérard Genette Figures 2003 1 Gérard Genette 2001 1 1991 Shlomith Rimmon Kenan Narrative Fiction Contemporary Poetics, London and Now York Methuen, 1994. Wallace Martin Recent Thories of Narrative 1991 5 Wayne C. Booth 1912~ 宪 1987 10 Wayne C. Booth, The Rhetoric of Fiction, Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1983. 1994 1992 1999 4 2001 9 Michel Foucault, 1926~1984 La pensée du 102
dehors 2003 9 Michel Foucault, La pensée du dehors, translated by Jeffrey Mehlman, New York Zone Book, 1987. Gilles Deleuze 1925~1995 Foucault 2001 28 3 1999 8 29~49 1984 1998 6 2000 1997 2 1997 3 Seymour Chatman, Story and Discourse Structure in Fiction and Film Narrative, Ithaca Cornell University 1980. 1895~1975 1996 1998 4 U. Eco 1932~ 1992 3 J. Courtes Introduction à La Sémiotique narrative et discursive Méthodologie et application 2001 7 Jean Claude Coquet 103
1997 10 2001 6 1997 9 J. Hillis Miller Reading Narrative 2002 5 David Herman Narratologies 2002 5 1991 9 1989 Fokkema Ibsch 1998 10 Terry Eagleton 1999 12 Frank Lentricchia&Thomas McLaughlin 1994 2002 2 2001 2 1992 2 1999 2 1999 4 4 1993 4 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1770~1831 1982 3 1999 104
12 1996 6 1996 10 Aristotle, Aristotle s Poetics, translated by S. H. Butcher, 2001 2000 Gabriel García Márquez 1992 11 Italo Calvino 1923~1985 Se una notte d inverno un viqggiatore 1995 (Marcel Proust) 1992 Jorge Luis Borges 1899~1986 1994 Jorge Luis Borges 2002 2000 1997 105
2003 1984 1994 2002 7 2001 6 106