248 ; problem-solving-oriented bifurcation vs bylawsuit or by litigation by extra-lawsuit ways Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR 6 ADR
ADR ADR ADR tow-stage or ultiple-stage system ADR
medical disputes aleternative dispute resolution, ADRmed-arb
I Sir Isaac Newton,1643~1727 7 3 power point
2008 6 II
...1... 1... 2... 3... 4...7... 7... 7... 10... 10... 11... 12... 14... 16... 17 vs... 17... 19... 20... 23... 25... 27... 28... 28... 31... 31... 33 I
... 35 ADR... 38 ADR... 38... 39... 41... 44... 50... 50... 51 ADR... 53 ADR... 54... 55... 56...59... 59... 60 NCHCDR ADR... 60 ADR... 62 ADR... 65 ADR... 67... 69 5 ADR... 69... 69... 70... 71... 75... 76... 78 II
... 78... 80... 83... 85... 89...91... 91 ADR... 93... 94... 94... 95... 97... 98... 98... 99... 101... 101... 102... 102... 102...103... 103... 104... 105... 105... 105... 108 ADR... 111 III
... 111... 111... 112... 113... 113... 114... 115... 116... 117... 118...119... 119... 120... 121... 124... 126... 127 ADR...129 ADR...130...130...131 VS...131 VS...133 VS...134...135...137...139... 139 IV
... 140...141... 141... 142... 142... 142... 143...143... 143... 145... 147...147...147...148...150...150... 150... 151... 153...153...155...156...158...158... 158... 159...160...162 V
...163...163...164...166... 166 12... 167...173... 173... 174... 175... 176...178 3... 178... 179... 184... 184... 185...187... 189...189...191... 193... 199... 207... 207... 207... 219 225 VI
241...241... 241... 243...247...248 VII
1 2... 8 3... 28 3... 31 4... 35 5... 36 6... 37 7... 73 VIII
1...9 2 VS...55 3 6 90 4... 161 5... 165 IX
1 adverse medical outcome 19961970 20012005 40 8 ADR
2 medical misadventures med-arb
: --- 3
; problem-solving-oriented bifurcation vs bylawsuit or by litigation by extra-lawsuit ways Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR 6 ADR ADR ADR ADR tow-stage or ultiple-stage system 4
5 ADR
6
1 1 1964 1989 26 2,236 86 9 19641972 331 36.8 19731981 738 82 19821989 1,167 146 1.8 4 1 1986 98 73 1987 4 2007 12 21 2000 400 389 1996 1 1991 15 7
2000 5 1508 302 19871995 156 20012007 422 2! 1996 1995 3 1 1987 1 2007 12 # 2 1 8
# 1 1987 1 2007 12 / 88.27% 13.79% 79.26% 15.85% 87.25% 12.08% 92.06% 23.80% 89.23% 17.69% 79.75% 26.38% 70.92% 25.53% 54.45% 19.37% 59.90% 15.28% 51.30% 29.56% 86.23% 22.10% 80.74% 19.63% 78.13% 20.41% 79.17% 17.48% 78.23% 11.39% 80.19% 15.51% 86.18% 13.61% 82.44% 14.89% 78.88% 17.65% 79.35% 19.90% 72.15% 13.29% 5570 4431 79.76% 17.91% # 1 9
3 4 5 3 1995 6 5 4 3 5 5 1994 7 2 587 10
11 6 7 6 5 3 7 3 56
12 medical accident
8 exculpatory clauses 9 10 8 5 5 1 56 135 9 5 29 403 6 1 10 1 601602 10 5 29 13
11 12 13 14 11 5 33 12 529 5 24 28 166 13 5 24 4511 25 14 5 24 14
15 1976 4 6 10788 standard of medical care 16 diversity or versatility uncertainty 30 medical injury 17 15 2000 7 119 16 15 120 17 1992 6 30 88 15
18 medical malpractice medical dispute medical negligence 19 20 medical dispute 18 2004 33 19 39 2002 10 121 20 17 31 16
- vs 21 22 23 21 99 1 3 1 103~104 3 5 22 18 36~37 1993 8 23 17 88 17
24-25 iatrogenic injury 26 1 2 27 medical malpraitice 24 2002 17 25 19 122 26 114 2003 10 20 27 17 88 18
19 28 29 28 3 7 29 3 8
30 damages compensation for loss 1995 3 1 90% 31 32 30 3 31 5 13 32 20
21 33 34 33 5 13~20 34 5 13 21
22 35 36 35 3 9 36 3 10~11
23 194 37 37 3 12~13
38 184 team work 185 188 38 2005 2 5 82 2 24
25 39 40 6 39 3 16~19 40 192 194
26 10 4
27
Posner, J.R. 2 41 2 2 3 # # - 2004 6 16 2-1 Posner, J.R, Trends in Medical Malpractice Insurance, Law and Contemperary Problem, vol492:37, Spring 1986, P1970~1985. 41 2004 6 16 28
1986 Brennan, Leape, Weiler Newhouse Harvard Medical Practice Study/HMPS 42 1986 1984 43 New York Study NY Study 44 avoidable injury unavoidable injury 45 25% 1 20% 42 19 129 28 43 18 33 92 44 19 129 45 26 21 29
Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR 46 2 ADR - mediation-arbitration med-arb 46? 30
# 3 # 2 17 2-2 - ADR 47 47 42.5% 24 20 31
276 48 284 49 184 188 192 50 193 51 194 52 195 53 48 276 2 49 284 2 50 192 1 2 51 193 1 32
54 55 52 194 53 195 1 54 253 255 1 376 55 228 1 33
56 57 expert witness 4 1(1) (2) 2 58 56 319 1 320 1 57 1986 11 24 8 2005 2 5 8 98 1 21 27 4 6 58 228 1 55 2 34
59? # 4 # 2 19 2-3 60 61 62 59 60 61 62 35
63 5 64 65 66 67 # 5 # 2 22 2-4 403 404 68 69? 63 64 244 65 277 66 277 67 77-13 68 403 7 69 77-20 36
# 6 # 15 738 37
ADR ADR Warren H. Schmidt 70 ADR ADR 20 ADR ADR ADR 71 ADR 70 2001 175~177 Schmidt, Warren H. etc., Harvard Business Review on Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Harvard Business School Press through Arts & Licensing International, Inc., 2001 41 23 71 4 38
controversary procedures non-controversary procedures faciliation mini-trial ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR settlementmediation arbitration ADR ADR 72 73 72 736 73 136 1999 2 62 1981 6 804 39
40 74 negotiation 3Q3 -AQ IQ EQ 3Q 736 74 73 62~63
75 76 mediator 77 mediation 75 377 1 219 1 136 76 74 2005 4 15 38 77 43 2 2000 47 41
conciliation conciliation 78 mediation ADR mediation-arbitration med-arb mediation conciliation mediation 79 80 81 - - 78 58 2000 9 48 79 76 55 38 1999 2 15 80 78 48 Michael E. Schneider, Combining Arbitration with Conciliation International Dispute Resolution: Towards An International Arbitration Culture, Published by Kluwer Law International 1998, P.66. 81 76 3941 41 3435 42
GAO United States Government Accountability Office 82 - - - - distributive bargaining gain loss integrative bargaining to look for ways to enlarge the pie before dividing it win-win solutions 82 41 35 43
- - 83 84 85 83 380 1 416 1 84 2000 10 2 2 85 84 3 44
86 87 arbitration agreement 88 60 89 1998 1992 3 117 86 84 1 Bischoff,Martime Arbitration in International Commercial Arbitration 14-15(C. Schmit Toff ed. Vol. 3. 1982) 27 2 87 84 3 88 84 3 89 84 3 45
90 arbitrator hearing arbitral award private system of adjudication - - implied undertaking lex fori 91 90 84 4~5 91 40 1 1 9 46
92 - - - - - 92 2001 7 72~73 84 6~9 47
ADR - 37 2 ADR - 93 - - - 93 84 9~12 48
49 - - - - consensual arbitration compulsory arbitration arbitration contract
166 1 1 94 arbitration agreement, compromis arbitration clause, clause compromissoire 1 existing disputes future disputes 95 submission to arbitration 96 94 84 134 Alan Redfern & Martin Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, P.271, Sweet & Maxwell1911 95 94 134 96 41 32 50
median number 1996 475,000 2000 1,000,000 89,300 1976 13.6%1987 65.4% 2003 10,000 35 1991 6,500 97 23 98 97 1993 8~9 98 41 33 51
3 7 15 35 99 GAO 1984 8 7 73,500 100 12,000 10% 101 22% 102 3 GAO 33 103 1 219 18 100 65 5 104 35 99 1992 56 100 GAO Medical Malpractice Characteristics of Claims Closed in 1984, April 1987 101 99 69 102 William B. weeks etc., Tort Claim Analysis in Veterans Health Administration for quality Improvement, Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 29 2001, Pp.335~345 103 GAO 100 104 GAO 100 52
105 3 106 ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR 105 Kazue Nakajima, Medical Malpractice and Legal Resolution Systems in Japan, JAMA, vol 285, 2001, pp.1632~1640 106 A.D.R. 44 1996 12 9~10 53
ADR ADR ADR ADR 107 ADR ADR ADR finality ADR binding ADR ADR Another Drain Resources- ADR 108 ADR 107 106 10 108 ADR 3 3 1999 3 38 54
ADR 2 109 2 VS ADR GAO 9 33 1~3 19 15 35 12% 109 92 42~43 74~76 41 32~36 106 9~12 73 2004 12 28~33 55
56 30 20 ADR
ADR mosaic- 57
58
100 1 2 ADR ADR ADR 1 49 5 2005 5 58 2 59
NCHCDR ADR ADR 60 3 ADR 4 1997 American Arbitration Association, AAA American Bar Association, ABA American Medical Association, AMA National Commission on Health Care Dispute Resolution, NCHCDR Due process protocol ADR 1998 3 5 ADR 1 ombudspersons 3 1 2002-10-16 http://www.gtagri.gov.cn/asp/showdetail-yellow.asp?id=784 2008 5 8 4 3 5 3 1~2 60
2 fact-finding 3 consensus-building 4 mediation bargaining negotiation 5 arbitration controversaryadr American Arbitration Association, AAA 3 20 10 6 6 ADRADR hybrids 6 61
ADR - 7 ADR 85 ADR NHCDR ADR 8 1 rent-a-judge program ADR private tribunal 9 California Arizona Pennsylvania 2001 1 182~184 Schmidt, Warren H. etc., Harvard Business Review on Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Harvard Business School Press through Arts & Licensing International, Inc., 2001 7 58 2000 9 50 8 2004 6 186~190 9 Leonard L. Ruskin & James E. Westbrook, Dispute Resolution and Lawyers, St. Paul, Minn.: West Pub. Co., 1987, P.5 62
10 2 mini-trial ADR 1 4 2 3 3 2 structured settlement negotiations 11 10 Bruce L. Benson http://cdfy.chinacourt.org /public/detail.php?id=2898 2008 5 8 11 Leonard L. Riskin & James E. Westbrook 9 5 63
3 summary jury trial, SJT 12 1983 Thomas Lambros Cleveland - 6 1 1 95 4 pretrial screening panel 13 ADR 12 6 186 13 John J. Fraser Jr., MD, JD and the Committee on Medical Liability, Technical ReportAlternative Dispute Resolution in Medical Malpractice, Pediatrics Vol. 107 No.3 March 2001, P.604 64
1970 3/4 ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR 14 1983 ADR ADR 20 ADR 15 ADR 14 A.D.R. 44 1996 12 3 15 8 39 65
ADR ADR ADR 16 ADR private disputes resolved by adjunct to courts or court-annexed supervised ADR ADR private disputes resolved by independent mechanisms or private ADR ADR 90 ADR 1990 Administrative Dispute Resolution Act ADRA of 1990 1991 Civil Justice Reform Act 1998 10 30 Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 1998 17 ADR ADR community mediation center citizens dispute center Endisputed Inc. Center for Public Resources 18 16 8 3 17 8 39~40 18 14 5 66
ADR Model Rules of Professional Conduct 1.4.cb ADR 1993 ADR ADR ADR ADR 19 -- ADR ADR binding ADR ADRnonbinding ADR ADR ADR 20 -- ADR ADR ADR institutional ADR Endisputed Inc.ADR ADR ADR ADR ADRad hoc ADR 19 14 5 20 73 2004 12 26 67
50 15 ADR State of Michigan 68
5 ADR 21 ADR 22 - - 21 1~2 http://www.procedurallaw.com.cn/article.html?id= 2468 2008 5 8 22 1991 93~102 69
23 695 1640 1038 53 66% 136 24 203 45 1970 23 5 1-3 1996 30 24 6 1-2 1998 11 70
344 175 50.9% 31.9% 203 16 25 summary court district court 3 25 8 54~56 1993 71
4 26 6 5 34 26 4 http://218.19.189.121/content.aspx?docid= 20060621101523625 2008 5 8 72
17 18 20 # 7 # 2 56 3-2 73
74 27 28 29 27 28 24 10 29 22 96
1891 20 30 31 30 2002 3 http://www.legalinfo.gov.cn/big5/ yjs/2003-03/25/content_20879.htm 2008 5 8 31 22 98 75
32 ADR ADR 381963 6 5 461971 7 14 33 32 2002 3 30 1 438~441 22 99~102 33 72 471971 7 14 76
77 481973 7 1 34 22 100
78 501975 8 50% 1982
7000~15000 30% 34 1995 3 30 47.1%~66.0% 35 62.1% 31.3% 1.5% 62.4% 10.5% 13.9% 6.0% 36 37 1994 11 1996 1 1 33 4 ADR 38 34 1 2004 10 2 2008 5 8 35 24 11~12 36 24 12 37 34 1~2 38 24 12~13 79
3 5 4 5 1 1 1 3 7-90 12-24 4 70% 85% 39 National Patient Safety Agency, NPSA 2005 3 2006 4 50 2159 4529 39 34 12 80
1994 ADR ADR 40 - ADR ADR ADR - ADR ADR 1946 National Health Service Act 1948 7 5 40 2001 1~5 http://www.86148. com/fjlaw/shownews.asp?id=1260 ADR 2 http://www. lawpress.com.cn/newsdetail.cfm?icntno=2093 2008 5 8 81
National Health Service NHS primary care hospital services community services tripartite system 302 Primary Care Trust 290 NHS Hospital Trust NHS Ambulance Services Trusts NHS Mental Health Services Trusts Strategic Health Authority, SHA local NHS performance management 41 ADR 42 - ombudsman - claim complaint punishment - 23 expert witness - 41 51 2 2008 2 40 42 41 41~45 82
medical expert - National Health service - ADR - 10 2 5 43 ADR 44 43 1 http://ww.mslv.net 44 43 83 2008 5 8
45 46 10% 0.3% 47 48 45 43 46 43 2 47 43 2 48 43 2 84
1984 ADR ADR 80 90 1995 ADR National Alternative Dispute Resolution Advisory Council NADRAC ADR ADR 2000 ADR 49 92% 8% 50 49 2004 1 http:://www.zjsft. gov.cn/xxlrl.asp?id=5408 2008 5 8 50 49 85
86 51 52 - - - 51 49 52 49 2~4
10 - New South Wales 2001~2002 330 82.7% 53 court-annexed arbitration ADR Arbitration <Civil Actions> Act Supreme Court Act 54 2001 120 Differential Case Management 55 53 20 25~26 54 20 26 55 20 26 87
ADR 88
89 ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR ADR 3
3 AAA AAA 1 1 1 3 1 1/3 90
1 65 42% 5 188 41% 469 42% 469 42% 3 72 47% 226 49% 473 42% 1 1991 1991 41~42 91
1 5 42% 41% 42% 47% 49% 42% 11% 11% 16% 60%59.7% 60% 4%3.3% 2 25 ADR 27 3 46.7% ADR 2 1 45~46 3 1 43~45 92
ADR - 4 5 ADR ADR ADR 736 738 377 380 4 61 1999 6 259 58 5 10 5 736 93
- 736 736 738 736 Foskett 6 7 6 4 261 37 7 4 336 94
8 9 10 8 4 336 9 541 2004 9 2 4 261~262 10 9 541 95
11 12 11 9 541 4 317 12 9 542~545 96
97 736 13 736 13 1915 1018 9 543~544
736 14 15 16 ; 14 2003 7 1 462 15 4 335 16 4 335 98
17 737 18 19 17 4 309 18 696 4 309 19 14 475 99
Feststellungsvertrag 20 21 22 20 4 316 21 4 316 22 4 317 100
23 24 ; 736 71 72 23 269 9 565~568 24 14 477 101
73 75 86 87 1 25 227 2 26 9293 74 88 738 25 9 568 26 9 570 102
103 88 738 27 27 485 2003 8
28 29 30 31 28 27 485 29 403 1 27 485 30 625 2006 5 5 1 31 27 491 104
32 445170 377 379 2003 2 7 380 1 32 27 491 105
33 34 -- 232 1 35 -- 36 33 27 496 34 1969 1502 27 496 35 1943 2515 27 496 36 130 27 496~497 106
-- -- ; 37 38 39 37 400 1 27 497 38 401 27 497 562 39 1992 7 107
4 1 3 377 2 380 1 40 41 -- - 297~299 40 27 497~498 41 27 498 108
380 2 -- 42 43 44 42 30 635~636 43 27 503 44 27 503~504 109
14 45 46 380 3 506 45 39 301~306 46 27 504 110
111 ADR - - 45
74 1 3 47 ADR 1 48 47 2001 7 44 48 1 112
49 50 49 44 2 2001 59 2008 5 3 7879 : http://www.llm.nccu.edu.tw/docs/ files/workshop/llm/970503_2.pdf :2008 6 14 50 403 1 7 424 1 113
51 1 2 1 3 1 4 5 51 406 1 1 11 114
10 3 1 424 1 12 403 2 2 3 13 115
116 14 1524 25 26 30 31
24 380 52 1 2 3 53 52 47 59 1999 11 433 53 47 59 1998 9 35 117
4 1 6 29 4 54 28 1 84 2 ADR 29 54 http://www.moj.gov.twchinese/c_sample_detail.aspx?id=158&kind_ id=15 2008 5 8 118
1968 1999 1 10 3 55 1 55 416 1 119
2 3 416 2 380 2 4 406 1 420 1 403 1 7 56 27 572 56 38 3 2007 2 1 120
406 1 1 406 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 1. 405 1 2 121
57 406 1 2. 403 1 406 1 424 1 404 2 420 1 2 420 3 84 57 407 3 27 576 122
423 3 406 1 2 406 1 2 3 406 415 417 418 421 413 123
124 58 414 416 1 1 415 4 2 417 418 58 56
380 1 4 1 3 6 1 3 59 1 60 2 417 418 2 3 420 419 425 1 403 1 59 27 585 60 416 1 125
61 423 2 84 423 1 419 1 3 425 2 83 1 62 61 27 586 62 10 100 1 2/3 77 20 1 420 3 27 587 126
416 2 4 500 63 3 2 64 388 63 27 588 64 27 588 127
128
129 ADR - ADR - ADR ADR-
ADR- 65 1 1 66 arbitral award private system of adjudication 65 2000 10 2 3 66 2004 11 18 130
a binding decision controversary procedure 1 2 2 objective arbitrability 67 VS 1 1 68 existing disputes 67 65 158 68 65 134 131
arbitration agreement, compromise future disputes arbitration clause, clause compromissaire 1 1 3 1 4 2 3 midnight clause 69 the autonomy of the arbitration clause 69 132
70 VS consensual arbitration compulsory or mandatory arbitration 71 72 70 65 134~135 71 arbitration agreement 2001 4 59 1 72 166 1 133
53 1 1 4 VS ad hoc arbitration institutional arbitration 54 19 134
1 1 73 5 17 UNCITRAL Model Law arbitral tribunal 5 5 7 73 71 111 135
8 1 2 1999 3 3 27 ADR 1 1 - - 9 9 12 136
13 15 1 independence impartiality duty of disclosure 15 2 1617 40 43 arbitral proceedings 18 36 19 56 ADR 137
ADR 18 1 ADR 36 1 427 10 50 138
37 1 74 400 1 74 71 238~239 139
249 1 7 37 1 401 1 37 2 18 2 4 1 6 140
37 2 75 137 3 76 ADR ADR reviewsupervision ADR 75 71 246 76 71 296~297 141
77 1 40 1 2 40 43 38 40 77 66 257~264 142
1 having become final final award interlocutory award 78 40 43 44 1 78 71 302~303 143
1 2 79 consent awards the award on agreed terms 80 44 1 44 2 38 46 46 79 65 557 80 65 557 81 2007 3 31 2~11 144
81 40 82 380 2 380 2 45 81 65 562~563 82 65 563 145
83 83 65 554 146
ADR 1 2 1 Michael E. Schneider,Lalive & Partners Combining Arbitration With Conciliation, 1 http://www.gasandoil, com/ogle/samples/freearticles/article_55.htm 2008 5 8 2 75 2005 147
ADR ADR - 3 ADR Med-Arb ADR ADR 4 ADR Arb-Med 5 6 8 31 114~115 3 Michael E. Schneider, Lalive & Partners 1 1 4 2 115~119 Michael E. Schneider, Lalive & Partners 1 6~14 5 58 2000 9 50 6 50 1998 6 55~56 148
149 7 Single-Neutral Med-Arb Med-Arb Same, blended med-arb Co-Med-Arb, Med-Arb Diff, conjoined med-arb 7 2 115
150 1 2
the common law countries the civil law countries ; 8 8 Michael E. Schneider, Lalive & Partners 1 14~16 6 59 151
9 - - 10 9 5 54~56 2 119~120 10 5 55 2 120~121 9 152
153
- - 37-44 1 11 11 75 2005 8 31 10~11 154
155 functus officio 40~43
- 12 13 12 80 2006 12 31 27 13 422 156
422 IAA 14 422 2 131 14 5 63 157
15 A B A 4 6.7 B B A A A B A A A 1 A A 15 http://www.drkao.com/ 3rd-site/3-1/079.htm 2008 4 27 158
B A B B B A fiduciary relationship doctrine of informed consent B A 16 D D E E F 38 39 F E F F 16 2007 1 67 159
E G G E F D D F 2 4 160
# 4 #4 15 5 - - - 161
- 17 90 1 ADR 42% 4 6 ADR ADR ADR ADR - 17 1992 2~3 162
163 ADR ADR ADR 2000
18 ADR 19 5 beneficial medical outcome 18-77 2006 3 30 79~83 19 Michael Ahearn Medical Malpractice Arbitration, http://www.adrlawinfo. com/medmal.html2001 12 1 1 11 2008 5 8 164
# 5 # 39 2002 10 123 12 ADR 20 42 16 20 1991 41 165
100 25 21 ADR ADR ADR 1999 9 7 42 21 49 11 2005 11 44 166
2003 82 2 12 12 22 medical compliance experience science To Err is Human 22 12 8 4 39 2002 10 97 167
- - Institute of Medicine IOM 23 277-23 1999 IOM To Err is Human 50% avoidable medical errors 68 2001 12 32 168
169 24 managed care medical laws and regulations 2001 24 2003 11 287
699 8463 25 - - logical positivism logical empiricism 1 10 25 2001 11 1 910 170
26 27 - - - - - 28 26 1993 8 8 2004 11 34 27 23 9 28 171
IQ AQ EQ 1995 3 1-29 30 2003 8 2024 4244 29 472 30 5 51 3 2008 3 172
173 12 31 15.7 82.3 3.4 82.9 42.5 44 31 44 2 2001 59
174 32 justice - 32 49 11 2005 11 47
33 ADR moralism 33 11 3 4 2003 12 42 175
176 ADR ADR 34 1999 2006 3 34 12 32
35 36 37 1998 1 38 35 18 66 36 2008 5 3 83 http://www.llm.nccu.edu.tw/docs/files/workshop/llm/ 970503_2.pdf :2008 6 14 37 31 59 38 1 18 8586 177
39 40 85-3 3 39 9 3 3 40 12 30 178
compensation deterrence prevention cost effectiveness trade-off 41 42 41 22 98 42 30 6 2001 11 181183 179
180 1970 80 screening panels ADR 90 28 72 ADR cost-effect ratio
1974 43 - Accident Rehabilitation and Compensation Insurance Corporation ACC 44 18 1992 90 3040 ACC 43 64 2000 12 97 100 44 40 116 181
45 ACC ACC 46 47 patient compensation insurance 1975 medical no-fault liability 48 45 40 117 46 40 111112 119 47 40 119 48 39 167 182
50% 49 12 49 1975 1 1991 800 35 62890 39 190 183
184 50 51 50 2 2007 5 4 51 2007 12 11
185 expert witness - hearsay evidence 83
186 risk management 52 informed consent 52 2005 2 5 71 : ; 74 :
187 85
188
189 30 M 1970 - -
190 - ADR 70 ADR ADR 403 1 7
191 ADR ADR - 4448
192
193 94 05 18 1 2 3 4
194 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
195 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
196 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
197 27 28 29
198 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
199 96 12 26 ( ) 403 404
200 405 406 406-1 406-2
201 407 407-1 408 409 409-1
202 410 410-1 411 412 413 414
203 415 415-1 416 417
204 418 419 420 420-1
205 421 422 423 424 425
426 206
207 91 07 10 1 2 3 4 5 6
208 7 8
209 9 10 11 12 13
210 14 15 16 17
211 18 19 20 21 22 23
212 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
213 33 34 35 36 37
214 38 39 40
215 41 42 43
216 44 45 46 47 48 49
217 50 51 52 53
54 55 56 218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
1. 2003 8 485~504 576~588 2. 2003 10 7 3. 1 2006 7 4. 2 2006 7 5. 1999 9 6. 2003 8 2024 42 44 7. 2003 7 1 462 475477 8. 2004 11 18 257264 9. 2001 4 59 111 246 296303 10. 2006 5 5 1 11. 2001 11 1 910 241
12. 2002 3 30 1 438411 13. 2006 5 14. 2004 11 34 15. 2000 10 2 112 3458 554563 16. 1993 17. 2003 11 287 18. 2002 10 2 2 124139 19. 2000 7 1 119120 738 20. 2004 9 2 541545 565570 21. - 1988 10 2004 12 22. 2003 5 3 704734 800802 23. 20011 Schmidt, Warren H. etc., Harvard Business Review on Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Harvard Business School Press through Arts & Licensing International, Inc., 2001 175225 242
1. 12 2. 74 2005 4 15 3841 55 3. - 2007 1 67 4. 1 2004 10 2 2008 5 8 5. - 43 2 2000 47 6. 5 51 3 2008 3 44 7. 73 2004 12 2533 8. - 136 1999 2 804 9. - - 80 2006 12 31 27 32 10. 11 3 4 2003 12 42 243
11. 38 3 2007 2 1 2 12. 2008 5 3 78 79 83 : http://www.llm.nccu.edu.tw/docs/files/workshop/llm/970503_2.p df :2008 6 14 13. 1994 7 133 14. 2004 14 15. http://www.drkao.com/ 3rd-site/3-1/079.htm 2008 4 27 16. - 2002 3 17.Bruce L. Benson http://cdfy.chinacourt.org /public/detail.php? id=2898 2008 5 8 18. 4 http://218.19.189.121/ content.aspx?docid=20060621101523625 2008 5 8 19. 61 1999 6 259262 309335 20. 39 2002 10 97 21. 75 244
2005 8 31 114120 131 22. 1 2002-10-16 http://www.gtagri.gov.cn/asp/showdetail-yellow.asp?id=784 2008 5 8 23. 2002 1720 24. 2004 3337 25. 2007 12 11 26. 2 2007 5 4 27. - 2001 7 69 4244 59 28. 51 2 2008 2 40 29. 114 2003 10 20 30. 49 5 2005 5 58 31. 58 2000 9 4850 5456 63 32. 2001 1~5 http://www.86148.com/fjlaw/shownews.asp?id= 245
1260 ADR 2 http://www. lawpress.com.cn/ newsdetail.cfm?icntno=2093 2008 5 8 33. - 2004 6 16940 186190 34. - 64 2000 12 97119 35. - 40 68 2001 4 932 36. - 30 6 2001 11 167190 37. 39 2002 10 121129 38. - 5 1-3 1996 30 39. 6 1-2 1998 1013 40. - 77 2006 3 30 66 7986 41. A.D.R. 44 1996 12 35 912 42. 50 1998 246
6 5559 43. ADR 3 3 1999 3 38 44. 75 2005 8 31 10~11 45. 44 2 2001 59 46. 49 11 2005 1 4447 1. Alan Redfern & Martin Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, Sweet & Maxwell 1991 2. GAO ReportMedical Malpractice Characteristics of Claims Closed in 1984, April 1987 3. John J. Fraser Jr., MD, JD and the Committee on Medical Liability, Technical ReportAlternative Dispute Resolution in Medical Malpractice, Pediatrics Vol. 107 No.3 March 2001 4. Kazue Nakajima, JAMA, Medical Malpractice and Legal Resolution Systems in Japan, vol 285, 2001 5. Leonard L. Ruskin & James E. Westbrook, Dispute Resolution and Lawyers, St. Paul, Minn.West Pub. Co., 1987, P.5 6. Michael Ahearn Medical Malpractice Arbitration, http://www.adrlawinfo.com/medmal.html2001121 247
7. Michael E. Schneider,Lalive & Partners Combining Arbitration With Conciliation, http://www.gasandoil,com/ogle/samples/freearticles/article_55. htm 8. Posner, J.R, Trends in Medical Malpractice Insurance, Law and Contemperary Problem, vol492:37, Spring 1986 9. William B. weeks etc., Tort Claim Analysis in Veterans Health Administration for quality Improvement, Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 29 2001 1. 58 5 2. 1993 3. 2003 919 4. 5. 403 6 110 1 248