2008, 40 (5) : 571582 A cta Psychologica S in ica : 1, 2 2 2 2 2 ( 1, ) ( 2, 100875) 81, :, ;,,,,,,,, B844. 12 1,,, [ 13 ],,, [ 47 ],,, 1. 1 MastenGarmezy, [ 8 ] 2861,,, [ 9 ],,/, [ 10 ],,, [ 11 ], /, [ 12 ], 10% 15% [ 13 ],,, MastenGarmezy, [ 8 ], [ 1 ],,, [ 2 ], [ 3 ],, : 2007-06 - 08 :, E2mail: chenhc@ chenhc. com, : 010-58808226;, E2mail: xiao@hku. hk 571
572 40,,,, [ 14 ],, [ 15 ], [ 16 ] 1. 2 Kagan, [ 17 ],,, ( ) [ 5, 18 ],, ( ) [ 19 ] 3,,, ( ), [ 4 ] 311, 6 [ 20 ],, 2 4 [ 21 ],, 1. 3,,,, [ 21 ] Belsky Sameroff ( transactional model) [ 22 ], [ 22, 23 ] ( dynam ic recip rocal effects) [ 22 ], [ 22 ],,,,,, [ 23 ],, [ 22 ],,,, Bell( control system s model) [ 6 ],, :,, [ 6, 7 ] [ 7, 19, 24 ],:,, 7-10 ADHD,, ADHD, [ 24 ], [ 24 ] [ 19 ],,Belsky3 [ 4 ], 24,,
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5 : : 575
576 40
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582 40 A L ong itud ina l Study of Paren t - Ch ild Rela tion sh ips and Problem Behav iors in Early Ch ildhood: Tran sactiona l M odels, 2, 2, 2, ( 1 D epartm ent of Psychology, The U niversity of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China) ( 2 School of Psychology, B eijing N orm al U niversity, B eijing 100875, China) Abstract The relation between parent - child relationship s and children s p roblem behaviors is comp lex, with some evidence supporting the influences of parent - child relationship s on p roblem behaviors, and other evidence supporting p roblem behaviors as an influence on parent - child relationship s. W hile decades of research exam ined single - directional influences, transactional model, which emphasizes recip rocal influences between children and their surrounding environment, has gradually dom inated developmental p sychopathology in recent years. However, most transactional analyses of the relations between parent - child relationship s and children s p roblem behaviors have p redom inately focused on m iddle childhood and adolescence, and little attention has been devoted to early childhood. The aim of the p resent research was to exam ine the transactional models of parent - child relationship s and children s p roblem behaviors in their early childhood. Based on a two - year and three - wave longitudinal study on a samp le of 81 p reschoolers and their parents, p resent research exam ined the relations of children s relationship s with fathers and mothers to their p roblem behaviors by using Parent - Child Relationship Scale and Child Behavior Checklist/23. investigate the transactional models of parent - child relationship s and p roblem behaviors. the Structural equation modeling was app lied to The results showed a moderate continuity of mother - child relationship s, father - child relationship s, and child withdrawal, anxiety, aggression, and delinquency behaviors across the three waves, s = 0. 310. 69, ps < 0. 01. recip rocal relations between mother - child relationship s and children s w ithdrawal and aggression behaviors, and between father - child relationship s and childrens aggression and delinquency behaviors were all supported. Structural equation modeling indicated the model fit indexes showed a good fit. The Specifically, on the one hand, mother - child closeness negatively p redicted children s later w ithdrawal and aggression, and father - child conflict positively p redicted children s later aggression and delinquency; on the other hand, children s closeness w ith their mothers were negatively p redicted by their p rior aggression and delinquency, their conflict w ith mothers positively p redicted by their p rior w ithdrawal, their conflict w ith mothers as well as w ith fathers positively p redicted by their p rior anxiety, aggression and delinquency, and their closeness w ith fathers also positively p redicted by their p rior delinquency. These findings highlight the importance of exam ining the transactional p rocesses underlying the development of children s p roblem behaviors, and expand the existing research on developmental p sychopathology by underlying the transactional models of children s p roblem behaviors and their relationship s w ith parents in early childhood. Key wordstransactionalmodel, father - child relationship, mother - child relationship, p roblem behaviors, early childhood.