小風英文教室 小風編輯
版權聲明 本投影片唯能用在非營利教學用途之上 本投影片歡迎轉載, 但不得修改後轉載 轉載請註明出處 有任何錯誤, 建議, 請聯絡作者 小風英文教室 by Scott Deeann Chen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. 作者信箱 :awea.ther.star.craft ( 小老鼠 ) gmail ( 點 ) com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aweathersenglishclub
被動態
動詞片語 動詞前之助動詞之順序結構如下 : 1. 情態助動詞 2. 完成助動詞 (have) 3. 進行助動詞 (be) 4. 被動助動詞 (be) 5. 動詞 趣味例句 : The music should have been being played when the customers came in.
被動態之動詞片語 過去被動 現在被動 情態助動詞被動 簡單式 was/were V-ed be V-ed MA be V-ed 進行式 (be) was/were being V-ed am/are/is being V-ed MA be being V-ed 完成式 (have) had been V-ed have/has been V-ed MA have been V-ed 完成進行式 had been being V-ed have/has been being V-ed MA have been being V-ed 意思正確之下, 被動態可以搭配任何一種情況! 在動詞前加上 be 動詞, 並且使用過去分詞即為被動態 被動態在主詞是什麼不重要 不明確, 或要強調受詞的時候使用 此頁表格為 Aweather s English Club 所原創, 營利翻印必究
動詞的分類與五大句型 類別範例句型 不及物動詞完全不及物動詞 work, sleep 主 + 動 不完全不及物動詞 look, taste 主 + 動 + 主補 及物動詞完全及物動詞 wash, read 主 + 動 + 受 不完全及物動詞 made, let 主 + 動 + 受 + 受補 授予動詞 give, teach 主 + 動 + 直受 + 間受 主 + 動 + 間受 + 直受 僅及物動詞可轉換為被動態
完全及物動詞 完全 / 不完全及物動詞變化後為不及物動詞 主動 : Ann invited Tom. 被動 : Tom was invited by Ann. 規則 : 1. 動詞由原本形式改為 be V-ed( 過去分詞 ) 2. 原本的受詞成為主詞 3. 原本的主詞前加上 by 成為狀語接在句尾, 重要時不可省略
不完全及物動詞 完全 / 不完全及物動詞變化後為不及物動詞 主動 : Ann considered Tom smart. 被動 : Tom was considered smart by Ann. 規則 : 1. 動詞由原本形式改為 be V-ed( 過去分詞 ) 2. 原本的受詞成為主詞 3. 原本的受詞補語緊接在被動動詞之後 4. 原本的主詞前加上 by 成為狀語接在句尾, 重要時不可省略
授予動詞的被動態 授予動詞變化後仍為及物動詞 主動 : Ann gave Tom a book. 被動 ( 以間接受詞為主詞 ): Tom was given a book by Ann. 規則 : 1. 動詞由原本形式改為 be V-ed( 過去分詞 ) 2. 原本的間接受詞成為主詞 3. 原本的直接受詞仍做受詞 4. 原本的主詞前加上 by 成為狀語接在句尾, 重要時不可省略
授予動詞的被動態 授予動詞變化後仍為及物動詞 主動 : Ann gave a book to Tom. 被動 ( 以直接受詞為主詞 ): A book was given to Tom by Ann. 規則 : 1. 動詞由原本形式改為 be V-ed( 過去分詞 ) 2. 原本的直接受詞成為主詞 3. 原本的間接受詞前加上 to 接在被動動詞之後, 仍做間接受詞 4. 原本的主詞前加上 by 成為狀語接在句尾, 重要時不可省略
例句 Someone towed my car away. My car was towed away. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was produced in 2000. Ang Lee directed Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was directed by Ang Lee. (O)The elevator is well maintained. (?)Someone maintains the elevator well. (O)The Olympics Games were held in Athens in 2004. (?)Someone held the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004.
主動與被動 同一個句子主被動的意義有時不同 (O)I cannot do it. (O)It cannot be done by me. (O)Everyone ate a piece of cake. (O)A piece of cake was eaten by everyone.
過去分詞表達狀態 過去分詞表達一個狀態, 而非動作時, 為形容詞 過去分詞做形容詞時, 形容他人 他物動作造成的結果 Tom closed the door a while ago. The door was closed by Tom. The door is closed. 過去分詞做形容詞時, 不再加 by 主詞 (X)The door is closed by Tom. 過去分詞做動詞 / 形容詞的比較 : The door was closed by Tom. The door is closed. The door was closed.
過去分詞表達狀態 有時可再加上一介係詞片語修飾該形容詞 I am interested in English. 使用哪個介係詞補充資訊依動詞而定, 須分別查明 其形式為 :be + V-ed + 介係詞 I was interested in English. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. My computer is equipped with a good CPU. Mary is qualified for the competition.
被動態的限制 有些動詞只用在主動, 有些動詞只用在被動 (O)I have a book. (X)A book was had by me. (O)The mushroom is said to be poisonous. (X)Somebody says the mushroom to be poisonous. 帶有介係詞的動詞只有在表達抽象意念時可以使用被動態 (O)They arrived at the desired result. (O)They arrived at the park. (O)The desired result was arrived by them. (X)The park was arrived by them.
被動態的限制 被動態不使用子句作為主詞 (O)I thought the food was great. (X)That the food was great was thought by me. 反身概念的代名詞不可作為主詞 (X)Himself can be seen in the mirror by him. (X)Her head was shaken by the woman. (X)Each other can be seen in the fog by us.
現在分詞表達狀態 現在分詞表達一個狀態, 而非動作時, 為形容詞 現去分詞做形容詞時, 形容本身能對他人 他物造成的結果 The movie is frightening the audience. The movie was frightening the audience yesterday. The movie is frightening. 現在分詞做動詞 / 形容詞的比較 : The movie is frightening the audience. The movie is frightening. The movie was frightening.
用分詞表達狀態 現在分詞形容本身能對他人 他物造成的結果 過去分詞形容他人 他物動作造成的結果 現在分詞帶有主動的意思 過去分詞帶有被動的意思 be 動詞加上現在分詞可能是進行式, 也可能是形容狀態 be 動詞加上過去分詞可能是被動態, 也可能是形容狀態 例句 : He is boring. He is bored.
使用 GET 表達狀態 get + 形容詞表達 成為 漸漸成為 等意思 一般形容詞 : I am getting angry. I got sad upon learning the bad news. 分詞形容詞 : Games get exciting near the end. The crowd got excited near the end of the game. be + 分詞形容詞單純描述事實, 而 get + 分詞形容詞則可帶有 : 意外 迅速改變 重大改變的意思 使用 be + 分詞形容詞不會犯錯
參考資料 Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and using English rammar, Third Edition, 2006, Longman Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar, First Edition, 1996, Oxford University Press Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1985, Longman Group Limited