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Higher Education Commissioned by Early Childhood

1 何濼生珠海學院民意及民調中心主任 HO Lok Sang Director, Public Opinion and Polling Centre Chu Hai College of Higher Education Commissioned by Early Childhood Development Research Foundation 香港嬰幼兒發展研究基金會 Sept

2 Acknowledgements We thank the Shih Wing Ching Foundation( 施永青基金 ) and the Wai Im Charitable Foundation( 懷音慈善基金 ) for funding the research. The HK Early Childhood Development Research Foundation commissioned the project. We thank the schools that supported our research. We thank Mr Alan Chan, the Research Assistant, for very able support. 2

3 We started contacting the schools in March, Questionnaires were sent to participating schools in November 2015, and received in April 2017 to June 年 4 月至 2017 年 6 月間完成 A total of 10 primary schools, and 9 secondary schools participated in the Survey. Direct subsidy schools excluded 10 所小學 + 9 所中學參與 ; 不含直資學校 A total of 1636 student questionnaires (primary 780; secondary 856) were collected 學童參與 3

4 Primary 小學學童樣本組成 Students N % P % P % P % P % P % P % P % P % P % P % Secondary 中學 S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % Total % 4

5 Summary of Findings Table: Happy and Unhappy Children whose Parents are Caring 父母關係家庭財政情況壓力與學童快樂關係密切 Range Happy children (happiness 6) 快樂兒童 Unhappy children (happiness 4) 不快樂兒童 M SD N M SD N t-test Parents' relationships 雙親關係 Children's pressure (academic) 學業壓力 Children's pressure (extra curricular) 活動壓力 Children's age 兒童年歲 Children's perception of financial wellbeing 財政狀況觀感 t(1339)=13.91, P= t(1359)=11.44, P= t(1356)=6.54, P= t(1339)=1.20, P= t(1337)=9.19, P=

6 2016/17 主要指標較前兩年好 Survey parameters Parents' Relationships 雙親關係 Children's pressures (academic) 學業壓力 Children's pressures (activities) 活動壓力 Children's perception on financial wellbeing 家庭財政 Happy Family Score 快樂家庭 Year Happy children Unhappy children (Happiness 6) (Happiness 4) t-test 2013 M = 4.11, N = 786 M = 3.23, N = 91 t(875) = 7.93; p = M = 4.01, N = 784 M = 3.38, N = 154 t(936) = 6.49; p = M = 4.07, N = 678 M = 3.04, N = 158 t(834) = 9.57; p = M = 4.15, N = 1142 M = 2.92, N = 199 t(1339) = 13.91; p = M = 2.68, N = 797 M = 3.44, N = 101 t(896) = 7.78; p = M = 2.83, N = 807 M = 3.43, N = 167 t(972) = 8.26; p = M = 2.86, N = 705 M = 3.65, N = 173 t(876) = 12.13; p = M = 2.72, N = 1160 M = 3.44, N = 201 t(1359) = 11.44; p = M = 2.04, N = 813 M = 2.61, N = 103 t(914) = 4.10; p = M = 2.17, N = 807 M = 2.57, N = 169 t(971) = 4.50; p = M = 2.20, N = 705 M = 2.66, N = 173 t(876) = 5.69; p = M = 2.14, N = 1158 M = 2.66, N = 200 t(1339) = 6.54; p = M = 4.01, N= 802 M = 3.25, N = 93 t(893) = -7.7; p = M = 4.06, N = 801 M = 3.43, N = 164 t(963) = 6.97; p = M = 4.03, N = 695 M = 3.31, N = 170 t(863) = 7.98; p = M = 4.07, N = 1144 M = 3.28, N = 195 t(1337)=9.19; P= M = 4.17, N = 806 M = 3.10, N = 101 t(905) = 9.07; p = M = 4.12, N = 774 M = 3.36, N = 151 t(923) = 8.20; p = M = 4.15, N = 671 M = 3.04, N = 156 t(825) = 10.95; p = M = 4.21, N = 1135 M = 2.96, N = 196 t(1329) = 14.84; p =

7 Comparison of Children's Happiness by Age in 2015 and 年歲少年快樂增幅最大 8-9 歲學童快樂增幅也大 Age 8-9 Age 10 Age 11 Age 12 Age 13 Age 14 Age

8 Happiness Scores since 2012; 按年齡組別的歷年快樂指數 Age Average

9 2016/17 年少年快樂表現可喜 2016/17 年變化百分比 Age % increase Average

10 非常快樂學童比例隨年級下降 ; 中三指數高於中二全港 2 至 5% 學童非常不快樂 ; 小四中二非常不快樂比例高小學 4 小學 5 小學 6 中學 1 中學 2 中學 3 Very unhappy (0-2) Neutral (3-7) Very happy (8-10) Mean % of very unhappy 5.43% 3.11% 5.00% 2.22% 5.43% 3.09% % of very happy 51.94% 45.14% 44.23% 38.52% 29.71% 27.41% Obs

11 2016 年學童雙壓減少 School Work Pressure Distribution Percentages 學業壓力歷年變化 Low 21.06% 13.14% 15.5% 27.7% 20.3% Middle 67.71% 69.30% 69.9% 54.1% 55.7% High 11.23% 17.56% 14.6% 18.2% 24.0% Extra-curricular Activities Pressure Distribution Percentages 課外活動壓力歷年變化 Low 54.10% 51.06% 53.2% 60.5% 57.2% Middle 40.76% 42.70% 40.3% 27.4% 24.2% High 5.14% 6.24% 6.5% 12.1% 18.6% 11

12 Mental Capital: 心理資本 The Key to Successful Living Love 關愛你會關心父母的健康和是否快樂你會選擇健康的生活方式你樂於為爸媽 / 監護人做些事情你樂於幫助有需要的人 Insight 智慧接受別人批評並不難受做事不一定要優勝於別人, 但要做最好的自己你在工作玩耍休息之間取得平衡你經常會反思, 從錯誤中學習 12

13 Fortitude 堅毅你有勇氣面對困難當你決定要做一件事時, 你不會輕易放棄 Engagement 行動你會全心全意努力做好一些事情你能在學習中尋找樂趣 13

14 愛智毅行均隨年級遞減 : 關愛 Dependent Variable: LOVE Method: Least Squares Date: 09/12/17 Time: 03:49 Sample: Included observations: 1562 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C GRADE R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

15 愛智毅行均隨年級遞減 : 智毅 15

16 愛智毅行均隨年級遞減 : 行 16

17 Comparison of Average Love Score by School Grade in 2015 & 2016 關愛指數全面大幅度上升 ; 快樂指數隨年級下跌 ; 中三穩下來 Primary 4 Primary 5 Primary 6 Secondary 1 Secondary 2 Secondary

18 8.00 Comparison of Average Insight Score by School Grade in 2015 & 2016 智慧指數亦全面上升 ; 中三穩下來 Primary 4 Primary 5 Primary 6 Secondary 1 Secondary 2 Secondary

19 Comparison of Average Fortitude Score by School Grade in 2015 & 2016 堅毅指數全面溫和上升 Primary 4 Primary 5 Primary 6 Secondary 1 Secondary 2 Secondary

20 Comparison of Average Engagement Score by School Grade in 2015 & 2016 行動指數有所回落 ; 中三亦穩下來 Primary 4 Primary 5 Primary 6 Secondary 1 Secondary 2 Secondary

21 基本模型 ; 只看愛智毅行 ; 關愛重中之重 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/04/17 Time: 04:48 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1519 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LOVE INSIGHTFORTITUDE ENGAGEMENT R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

22 父母關心孩子表現或有反效果 ; 雙親關係十分重要 ; 男生較快樂

23 餘暇十分重要 ; 室外空間猶比室內空間重要 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/12/17 Time: 03:49 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1578 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LIVING_SPACE OPEN_SPACE ABSENCE_NOISE ACCESS_TRANSPORT ENOUGH_FREETIME R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

24 2015/16 年調查的一個重要結果 : 認同學校有提供生命教育的同學更快樂 Life Education 學校提供生命教育 Frequency 人次 Happiness 平均快樂指數 Very much agree 十分認同 Agree 認同 Half half 一半半 Disagree 不認同 Very much disagree 非常不認同

25 800 Do students agree that their schools have provided Love Education in the following ways 愛心教育以講座 / 話劇 / 電影為主 ; 探訪 / 藝術 / 唱歌為副 ( 同學觀感 ) Very Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Very Agree Talk/Seminar Visit/Role Play Art/Music Movie/Drama 25

26 Do students agree that their schools have provided Insight Education in the following ways 智慧教育以講座 / 話劇 / 電影為主 ; 探訪 / 藝術 / 唱歌較少 Very Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Very Agree Talk/Seminar Visit/Role Play Art/Music Movie/Drama 26

27 Do students agree that their schools have provided Fortitude Education in the following ways 堅毅教育以講座 / 話劇 / 電影為主 ; 探訪 / 藝術 / 唱歌較少 Very Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Very Agree Talk/Seminar Visit/Role Play Art/Music Movie/Drama 27

28 Do students agree that their schools have provided Engagement Education in the following ways 行動教育以講座 / 話劇 / 電影為主 ; 探訪 / 藝術 / 唱歌較少 Very Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Very Agree Talk/Seminar Visit/Role Play Art/Music Movie/Drama 28

29 生命教育以講座 / 話劇 / 電影為主 ; 探訪 / 藝術 / 唱歌較少講座 Talk 探訪 Visit 藝術 / 唱歌 Art 電影 / 話劇 Movies 總數 Total Love 關愛 Insight 智慧 Fortitude 堅毅 Engagement 行動 LIFE

30 有關生命教育的主要問題學校有透過以下, 鼓勵尊重和珍惜生命 (Love) 學校有透過以下, 鼓勵減少攀比 (Insight) 學校有透過以下, 鼓勵奮發自強不怕困難 (Fortitude) 學校有透過以下, 鼓勵你尋找興趣發揮所長 (Engagement) 生命教育深廣度比率 = 每校同學答同意或非常同意, 有提供 LIFE 教育的百分比學校快樂指數 = 學校三個級別快樂指數的平均數 30

31 學校快樂指數與生命教育深廣度比率關係密切留意 Adjusted R Square 達 0.75 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/12/17 Time: 12:13 Sample: 1 19 Included observations: 19 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LIFE_PERCENT R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

32 愛心教育和建立目標最有助提升快樂 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/04/17 Time: 15:51 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1581 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LOVE_EDUCATION INSIGHTFORTITUDE_EDU ENGAGEMENT_EDUCATION R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

33 愛心教育和建立目標效果似更顯著 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/04/17 Time: 15:51 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1564 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LOVE_EDUCATION INSIGHTFORTITUDE_EDU ENGAGEMENT_EDUCATION AGE AGE*SECONDARY R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

34 生命教育以講座訪問電影話劇效果為大 ; 以藝術和歌唱似乎較小 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 08/22/17 Time: 12:38 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1581 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LIFE_MOVIE_DRAMA LIFE_SING_ART LIFE_TALK LIFE_VISIT_ROLEPLAY R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

35 愛心教育以講座訪問電影話劇效果為大 ; 以藝術和歌唱似乎較小 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 08/30/17 Time: 15:55 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1602 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LOVE_MOVIE_DRAMA LOVE_SING_ART LOVE_TALK LOVE_VISIT_ROLEPLAY R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

36 歌唱和藝術對智慧教育不顯著 ; 講座卻能建功 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/04/17 Time: 15:49 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1592 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C INSIGHTFORTITUDE_MOVIE INSIGHTFORTITUDE_SING INSIGHTFORTITUDE_TALK INSIGHTFORTITUDE_VISIT R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

37 行動亦是以現身說法的講座和電影或話劇最有感染力 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 08/30/17 Time: 16:02 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1595 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C ENGAGEMENT_MOVIE_DRAMA ENGAGEMENT_SING_ART ENGAGEMENT_TALK ENGAGEMENT_VISIT_ROLEPLA R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

38 電影和話劇對感性教育的功效巨大 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/04/17 Time: 15:48 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1588 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LOVE_MOVIE_DRAMA INSIGHTFORTITUDE_MOVIE ENGAGEMENT_MOVIE_DRAMA R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

39 歌唱和藝術對啟發愛心較啟發智慧和行動有效 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/04/17 Time: 15:27 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1590 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LOVE_SING_ART INSIGHTFORTITUDE_SING ENGAGEMENT_SING_ART R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

40 講座對啟發愛心和智慧有功 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/04/17 Time: 15:25 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1593 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LOVE_TALK INSIGHTFORTITUDE_TALK ENGAGEMENT_TALK R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

41 訪問和角色扮演對愛心教育成效高 Dependent Variable: HAPPINESS Method: Least Squares Date: 09/04/17 Time: 15:24 Sample (adjusted): Included observations: 1591 after adjustments Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistic Prob. C LOVE_VISIT_ROLEPLAY INSIGHTFORTITUDE_VISIT ENGAGEMENT_VISIT_ROLEPLA R-squared Mean dependent var Adjusted R-squared S.D. dependent var S.E. of regression Akaike info criterion Sum squared resid Schwarz criterion Log likelihood Hannan-Quinn criter F-statistic Durbin-Watson stat Prob(F-statistic)

42 Comparison of Happiness Score falls with school work pressures in 2015 & 2016 學業壓力愈低愈快樂 Low Middle High

43 8.00 Comparison of Happiness Score falls with extra-curricular activities pressures in 2015 & 2016 活動壓力愈低愈快樂 Low Middle High 43

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