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1 7 2 Vol. 7 No Journal of Food Safety and Quality Feb., 2016 平 1, 华, 王纪华, 马智宏 2* 1,, 李杨, 李冰茹, 王北洪 3, 付伟丽 1, 3 (1., ; 2. ( ), ; 3., ) 摘要 : 目的 4 ( ) ( ), 方法, 95, 结果,,,, 3.3%, 8.3%, 20.0%; 20.0%, 40.0% 结论, 关键词 : ; ; Investigation and analysis on the quality and safety of edible fungi in Beijing and Hebei province PING Hua 1, 2, WANG Ji-Hua 1, 2, MA Zhi-Hong 1, 2*, LI Yang 1, 2, LI Bing-Ru 1, 2, WANG Bei-Hong 1, 2, FU Wei-Li 1, 2 (1. Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing , China; 2. Risk Assessment Lab for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing , China; 3. Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing , China) ABSTRACT: Objective To monitor the pollutions in oyster mushroom, golden mushroom, dry and fresh mushroom, dry Auricularia auricula in Beijing and Hebei province, in order to investigate the conditions of quality and safety of edible fungi. Methods Ninty-five samples were collected from production base and circulation market, and pesticides, heavy metals, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, magnesium sulfate were determined in the samples. Results The results suggested that less pesticides were used in the production base, and pollutions detected exceeding standard in fresh mushroom, oyster mushroom, golden mushroom were at a low level. The rate of exceeding standard of cyhalothrin residues in oyster mushroom was 3.3%. However, exceeding standard rates of pesticides, sulfur dioxide and heavy metals residues in dry mushroom and 基金项目 : (GJFP ) (KJCX ) (QNJJ201432) Fund: Supported by National Project in Risk Assessment of Edible Fungi Quality and Safety (GJFP ), Innovation and Capacity-building Projects of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (KJCX ) and Youth Scientific Fund of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (QNJJ201432) * 通讯作者 :,, mazh@nercita.org.cn *Corresponding author: MA Zhi-Hong, Associate Research Fellow, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing , China. mazh@nercita.org.cn

2 2, : 479 Auricularia auricular, came from circulation market, were at a high level. The exceeding standard rates of carbendazim, cypermethrin and lead residues in Auricularia auricular were 8.3%, 8.3% and 20.0%, respectively. The exceeding standard rates of arsenic, cadmium, sulfur dioxide residues in dry mushroom were 20.0%, 20.0% and 40.0%, respectively. Conclusion In order to ensure the quality and safety of edible fungi, government should strengthen supervision on the market of processing, storing and translation link. KEY WORDS: edible fungi; quality and safety; investigation and analysis 1 引言,,, [1,2],,,,,,,,, [3-5],,,,,, [6,7],,, [8], 2012, 210, 126 [9] %, 41% [10], 2,, 2 材料与方法 2.1 样品采集与检测, , 6, , ( ) ( ), ( ) 2.2 监测项目 (1) : (2) : (3) : (4) : 3- (5) : (6): (7) : 2.3 检测方法 NY/T GB/T ;

3 480 7 ; ; SN/T ; ; 2.4 判定依据 GB NY/T NY/T GB/T 仪器设备 GC 2010 () GC-MS 2010 Plus () 2690 ( Waters ) ACQUITY UPLC-XEVO TQ ( Waters ) SolaarM6 () AFS-830 () Helios-a () 3 结果与讨论 3.1 农药残留 95, 9 3, 100%, ; 8, 91.7%, 8.3%, ; 50%, 3.3%, ( 1) mg/kg 表 1 各类食用菌中农药检测情况 Table 1 Pesticide residues in edible fungi ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 香菇干品中农药残留 3, 0.015~0.590 mg/kg, 100.0%, NY/T mg/kg, ; 1.72~3.55 mg/kg, 33.3%; 0.006~0.064 mg/kg, 20.0% 黑木耳干品中农药残留 8, 0.003~1.330 mg/kg, 75.0%, NY/T mg/kg,, 8.3%, ; 0.002~0.004 mg/kg, 16.7%; 1, mg/kg, 8.3%; 1, mg/kg, 8.3%; 2, 0.046~0.779 mg/kg, 16.7%; 1, mg/kg, 8.3%; 1, mg/kg, 8.3%, NY/T mg/kg, 20, 8.3% 平菇鲜品中农药残留 5, 0.001~0.002 mg/kg, 6.7%, NY/T mg kg, ; 3, 0.405~0.637 mg/kg, 10.0%, GB mg/kg, mg/kg,, 3.3%, ; 2, 6.7%; 0.007~0.028 mg/kg, 10.0%; 1, mg/kg, 3.3%, GB mg/kg, 香菇鲜品中农药残留 4, 0.001~0.023 mg/kg, 18.2%,

4 2, : 481 NY/T mg/kg, ; 1, mg/kg, 4.5%; 1, mg/kg, 4.5%, GB , ; 0.018~0.301 mg/kg, 27.3%, GB , 金针菇鲜品中农药残留 3.2 重金属, NY/T GB/T NY/T ( 2), ; 20.0%; 20.0% 1.54~5.78 mg/kg, 0.350~0.944 mg/kg,,, ( 3), 3.3 甲醛 Kenshiro,, γ- [11],,,,, 3~4 [12] Table 2 表 2 食用菌中重金属限量标准 Limited standards of heavy metals in edible fungi NY/T GB/T / / NY/T ( ) 0.2( ) : / Table 3 表 3 食用菌样品中重金属检测情况 Determination of heavy metals in edible fungi ( ) 0.478~ ~ ~ ~ ( ) 0.160~ ~ ~ ~ ( ) 0.044~ ~ ~ ~ ( ) 0.026~ ~ ~ ~ ( ) 0~ ~ ~

5 482 7 Table 4 表 4 食用菌中二氧化硫检出情况 Determination of sulfur dioxide in edible fungi /mg kg -1 ( ) ~ NY/T ; 50 ( ) ~ NY/T ; 50, L- 1 h, [13], 10.9~195.0 mg/kg, 73.5 mg/kg; 123.0~264.0 mg/kg, mg/kg,, [12],, 3.4 二氧化硫 NY/T ( SO 2 ) 50mg/kg 0.7~16.6 mg/kg, 66.7%, ; 8.4~138.0 mg/kg, 93.3%, 40.0%( 4), 3.5 硫酸镁和氯化镁, [14],, 1 3 [15],,,,, 4 结论,,,,,,,,, 参考文献 [1] Mattila P, Suonpää K, Piironen V. Functional properties of edible mushrooms [J]. Nutrition, 2000, 16: [2] Yamanaka K. Mushroom cultivation in Japan [J]. WSMBMP Bull, 2011, 4: [3] Falandysz J, Borovicka J. Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks [J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2013, 97(2): [4] Kalac P. Trace element contents in European species of wild growing edible mushrooms: a review for the period [J]. Food Chem, 2010, 122(1): [5] Kalac P, Svoboda L. A review of trace element concentrations in edible mushrooms [J]. Food Chem, 2000, 69(3): [6],,,. [J]., 2005, (5): 5 6. Xing ZT, Wang N, Men DY, et al. Quality and safety of edible fungi in China [J]. Edible Fungi, 2005, (5): 5 6. [7],. [J]., 2008, 27(2): 3 6. Guan DP, Hu QX. Maximum pesticide residues limits for edible fungi product quality and safety [J]. Edible Fungi Chin, 2008, 27(2): 3 6. [8],,,. [J]., 2007, 26( ): Xu LH, Zhang YZ, Wang GJ, et al. The quality and safety of edible fungi from Zhejiang province [J]. J Agro-Environ Sci, 2007, 26(Suppl): [9]. SWOT [J]., 2015, (2): Ji XY. SWOT analysis of edible fungi industry development in Hebei province [J]. Cooperative Econ Sci, 2015, (2): [10],,.

6 2, : 483 [J]., 2011, 30(2): Ma SX, Yang CH, Xu SL. The discussion on the edible fungi culture introduction experiment [J]. Edible Fungi Chin, 2011, 30(2): [11] Kenshiro, Fujimoto. The mechanism of fromaldehyde formation in shiitake mushroom [C]. Mushroom Science (Part I) proceedings of the Ninth International Scientific Congress on the Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Tokyo, 1974 [12],,. [J]., 2002, (3): Lin SQ, Wang SZ, Lin ZS. Study on formaldehyde content during growing, processing and storing in Lentinus edodes [J]. Edible Fungi Chin, 2002, (3): [13] Li GJ, Wang Q, Sun P, et al. Effect of L-Cysteine pretreatment Liu Z, Yao C. Determination and survey of mixed bogus materials in auricularia auricular [J]. Chin J Health Lab Technol, 2000, 10(6): [15]. [J]., 2013, (8): Qiu XQ. Determination of magnesium sulfate in auricularia auricular [J]. Sci Technol Inf, 2013, (8): 作者简介 ( 责任编辑 : 金延秋 ) 平华, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全分析检测 pingh@nercita.org.cn on the control of formaldehyde and browning of the culinary-medicinal shiitake mushroom, lentinus edodes (higher basidiomycetes) during drying and canning processes[j]. Int J Med Mushrooms, 2015, 17(4): [14],. [J]., 马智宏, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全 mazh@nercita.org.cn 2000, 10(6):