( 1995) 1. 2 (guanxi) ( 1993) : ; ; (Rousseau & Fried2001) ( 1999) Davies (1995) (Hofstede1980;Redding1990;Westwood (paternalistic leadership)

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1 * SEM HLM Hirschman(1970) 1 (voice) 30 (Tangirala & Ramanujam2008;BurrisDetert & Chiaburu2008) ( LePine & Van Dyne1998 ) (Edmondson 2003;Detert & Burris2007) (Brockner et al.1998;lepine & Van Dyne2001;Liang & Farh 2008) (Saunders et al.1992;bender & Sloane1998) (extra role) (LePine & Van Dyne1998;Graham & Van Dyne2006) (power distance) (Hofstede1980;Westwood1997) (Detert & Burris2007;Liang & Farh2008) (HuangVan De Vliert & Van Der Vegt2006) : (Hwang1997) ; * ( : ); ( : ); ( :07BJY053)

2 ( 1995) 1. 2 (guanxi) ( 1993) : ; ; (Rousseau & Fried2001) ( 1999) Davies (1995) (Hofstede1980;Redding1990;Westwood (paternalistic leadership) (HuiLaw & Chen1999) (leader - (transformational leadership) member exchange) (abusive leadership) (Detert et (supervisor-subor- al.2007;burris et al.2008) dinate guanxi) (Law et al.2000) (personsituation interactions) (Chen & Kanfer ( ) Farh (1998) 1997; 1995) (particularistic ties) (Chen & 2006) Chen2004) (Tett & Burnett2003); Law (2000) (self concept) 2. Hirschman(1970) (exit) (Van Dyne & LePine 1998) Detert Burris(2007) ; ; (etic)? Liang Farh(2008)

3 2 (promotive) (self-concept) (prohibitive) (1982) (self-conception) 2 (self-evaluation) (perceived insider status) (Stamper & Masterson2002) (Chen & Aryee2007) (organization- (in-group member) based self-esteem) ( 1995;Farh et al.1998) (Gardner & Pierce1998) (Gecas1982) (Liang & Farh2008) 3 (Brockner et al.1998; ( 1995) LePine & Van Dyne1998;Liang & Farh2008) : ; (inducement) (attribution) (Chen et al.2007) (Detert & Burris2007) (1995) (Korman 1970) 1 : (Rosenberg1979)Gecas (Aryee et al.2003) 1: ;? (Stamper et al.? 2002;Chen et al.2007)

4 ( 1995) ( 2009) (oneness) ( 2000) (Farh & Cheng2000; (Van Dyne & Pierce2004) 2 : 2: ( (Withey & Cooper1989) 1992 Saunders (voice manager) (Dutton et al.1997;milliken et al.2003) 3 4 : (Saunders et al.1992;edmondson2003;milliken et al.2003) Detert (2007) ; Burris (2008)? (crosslevel) (Kozlowski & Klein2000;Bliese 2002) 2000) (Huang et al.2006) 3: 4: ; Chan & Oyhart2007) ( ) Law Wong Wang Wang

5 (2000) 4 ; (OBSE) Pierce Gardner Dunham Cummings(1989) Stamper Masterson (2002) Liang Farh(2008) 3 (common method bias) (double-blind) (Bris- 84% 95% lin1980) %; 20 ~30 (66.3%) 30 ~45 (31.8%)45 EMBA 1.9% ; (pilot-test) (54.3%) (39%) 6.7% ( ) ( 81%) 1. Law Wong Wang Wang(2000) (Cronbach α) / / 5 likert / ~5 1 5 (Chen et al.2007) :(1) Stamper Masterson(2002) 6 ;(2) 50 ;(3) 24 ;(4) ( 2009) (0.87) Liang Farh (2008) 12 : 3~8 4~ ; Pierce (1989) 10 (0.91) /

6 (2000) (EFA) (LePine & Van Dyne1998) (CFA) 1 0 ; 5 : ; 2 8 (HLM) (Bryk & Raudenbush 1992) 0.35p<0.01) (r=0.20p< (aggregation) 0.01) (r= (CFA) 0.25p<0.01) (r=0.26p<0.01) 3 Rwg(j)(within-group a- greement) ICC (intra class correlation) (1) ICC(2) Rwg(j) ICC(1) ICC(2) Rwg(j) 0.83 ICC (1) 0.19ICC (2) 0.41F (87179) = 1.688p<0.05 Rwg(j) ICC(1) F (indicators) (parcel)(mathieu & Farr1991) 1 4 (nested models) 4 (r=0.41p<0.01) (r= (r= 0.21p< 0.01) Baron Kenny(1986) 2 * ( )

7 ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) ; 1 (β= 0.08p>0.05) ( χ 2 ) (τ 00 ) :χ 2 (87)=361.78p<0.05 (σ 2 ) 0.26ICC(1) % 51% 0.05 (β=0.46p<0.05) (β= 0.38p<0.05) ; (β=0.18p< 0.05) (β=0.20p<0.05) (null model); (β=0.19p<0.05) (β 1 = p<0.05); : (β 2 =0.11p<0.05) (β 3 =-0.15;β 4 =- 0.13p>0.05) (σ 2 ) 0.26; (τ 00 ) % :χ 2 (75)=319.96p< (β=-0.24p<0.05) (β=-0.17p>0.05)

8 ( 2) (Yang1995) ; ( 1~4) 1 ; 2 ; ( 3 ; 2000) 4 ( ) (Detert & Burris2007;Liang & Farh2008)

9 (longitudinal) (2004) (1997) ( 2003) (innovation) (entrepreneurship) (Kanter1982; Fulop1991) (Dutton & Ashford1993;Dutton et al.1997) : ; 1 voice ( : 2005) ( : S.2007) (cross section) (2) ) voice 2 3Chen Aryee ( :Chen Z. X. & Aryee 4 (2004) (1) : 1997 :

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语篇中指代词的分布规律与心理机制*

语篇中指代词的分布规律与心理机制* 2005132 227~238 Advances in Psychological Science 1 2 1 430079 2 430081 3 PLS B849:C93 1 [1] 45~65 Hofstede [2] Chemers Hofstede [4,5] Chemers idiographic approach [6] Hofstede 40 IBM nomothetic 4 approach