Microsoft Word - 31 吴彬

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1 44 4 Vol.44, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Jul., 2013 (Oreochromis niloticus) * ( ) 25% 6,, (P<0.05); (P<0.05); (P<0.05); (P<0.05); (HK) (P<0.05), -6- (G6Pase) (PEPCK) (P<0.05), (HK) -6- (G6Pase) (PEPCK), 罗非鱼 ; 日粮 ; 糖源 ; 生长效益 ; 酶活性 S963.73,,,, 20 (Garnsworthy et al, 2008),,, (Christiansen et al, 1987;, 2005; Anshuman et al, 2009), (Enes et al, 2008) 6, [Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)], , NRC(1993), 6 ; ;,,, 40,, *, ,, @qq.com :,, (VMD), fengjian08@163.com : , :

2 4 : (Oreochromis niloticus) 1051,,, 2.5mm, 65,, ,, 360, (3.4±0.2)g, 18 (6, 3 ), 20, 1m 0.5m 1m, 15cm 3cm 12.0m 3.0m 1.5m,,, 1/6 ( 3 ; ) : (31.4±3.3), ph 7.1±0.2, (8.33±0.29)mg/L, (0.51±0.02)mg/L, (0.16±0.03)mg/L, (0.10±0.01)mg/L, 9:00 18:00, 15% 10%,,,, 3min,, 2 61, 1.3,,, 3 2, 6,,, ; 3 3, 9,,, ; 2,, 0.5g 3mL 5%,, (Seifter et al, 表 1 实验日粮组成和主要营养成分分析 (%) 1) Tab.1 Composition of the experimental diets and main nutrients (%) 1) ) ) %( ) ) (MJ/kg) 5) : 1) 2 2) ( kg ): (32.5% Mn)50mg; (20.1% Fe)40mg; (25.4% Cu)5mg; (22.7% Zn)90mg; (45.6% Se)1mg; (24.8% Co)3.0mg; (42.5% F)5mg 3) ( kg ): A, 10000IU; D 3, 4000IU; E, 400IU; K 3, 50mg; 60mg; 70mg; 200mg; 2.0mg; 20mg; B 12, 0.20mg; 300mg; 20mg; C, 300mg; 400mg 4) =100 ( ) 5) =( 23.64KJ/g KJ/g KJ/g)/100

3 ; Garcia et al, 1990, 1996); 4,, 1, 4h, 3, 3000r/min 15min,, 7600-D20 ; 2,,,, Amresco (HK) (PK) -6- (G6Pase) (PEPCK) AOAC(1990) (Halver et al, 2002): (FI)(g) = ( + ) (SR)(%) = ( / ) 100 (SGR)(%/t) = 100 (lnw 2 lnw 1 )/t (FER)(%) = 100 (W 2 W 1 )/FI (PER) = FER/P (HSI)(%) = (W 4 /W 3 ) 100 (ISI)(%) = (W 5 /W 3 ) 100, W 1 (g), W 2 (g), t (d), FI, P (%), W 3 (g), W 4, W SPSS19.0, (Oneway ANOVA), ±, LSD, Tamhane s T 2, 0.05 Duncan s, P< ,, 100% 2,, (P>0.05); (P>0.05); (P<0.05) Tab.2 表 2 实验各组鱼的摄食量特定生长率和饲料效益率 The feed intakes (FI), specific growth ratio (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) in fish (g) (g) (g) (%/t) (%) 1 3.4± ±1.3 a 29.8±1.6 a 2.7±0.1 a 50.2±4.5 a 2 3.4± ±1.5 b 56.9±2.6 d 3.8±0.3 b 53.6±1.9 a 3 3.4± ±2.4 c 49.6±2.6 c 4.1±0.1 c 77.4±4.4 b 4 3.4± ±4.9 c 49.1±3.3 c 4.0±0.2 c 73.6±8.5 b 5 3.4± ±3.5 c 51.2±1.0 c 4.2±0.2 c 78.0±7.7 b 6 3.4± ±4.6 c 52.8±1.9 b 4.2±0.5 c 76.9±2.6 b : (P<0.05) 表 3 实验各组鱼鱼体营养成分 (%) Tab.3 The carcass nutrient contents in fish (%) (J/mg) ±1.0 b 13.6±0.1 a 3.6±0.1 a 4.7±0.1 e 4.94±0.01 a ±1.6 ab 14.2±0.4 ab 4.2±0.3 b 4.6±0.1 c 5.02±0.05 a ±0.9 ab 14.8±0.5 b 4.8±0.1 c 4.5±0.1 d 5.57±0.02 c ±2.3 ab 14.6±0.2 b 4.5±0.1 b 4.6±0.1 de 5.51±0.02 c ±1.4 ab 14.4±0.2 ab 4.6±0.1 b 4.4±0.1 b 5.51±0.05 c ±1.2 a 14.7±0.2 b 4.5±0.1 d 4.3±0.1 a 5.91±0.02 e : (P<0.05)

4 4 : (Oreochromis niloticus) ( ) 3,, (P<0.05) 4 (P>0.05) (P>0.05);,, (P<0.05) (P>0.05) 2.4 ( ) 5,, (P<0.05) (P>0.05) , 表 4 实验各组鱼的肝体指数肠脂指数肝脏脂肪肝糖原肌糖原 (%) Tab.4 The HIS, ISI, liver lipid, hepatic glycogen and muscle glycogen in fish (%) ± ± ±0.12 a 2.36±0.36 a 0.21±0.01 a ± ± ±0.25 a 2.70±0.56 ab 0.33±0.03 b ± ± ±0.12 b 3.89±0.65 b 0.35±0.03 b ± ± ±0.14 b 3.74±0.20 b 0.35±0.02 b ± ± ±0.21 b 3.04±0.56 ab 0.33±0.03 b ± ± ±0.33 b 3.26±0.90 ab 0.34±0.02 b : (P<0.05) 表 5 实验各组鱼血浆中血糖总蛋白胆固醇甘油三酯含量 Tab.5 The GLU, TP, CHOL, TRIG in plasma in fish (mmol/l) (g/l) (mmol/l) (mmol/l) ±0.31 a 23.60±0.98 a 1.70± ±0.12 a ±0.93 ab 27.93±0.47 b 1.94± ±0.24 ab ±0.53 b 27.50±1.01 b 2.02± ±0.45 b ±0.81 b 28.33±1.12 b 2.27± ±0.14 ab ±0.21 b 27.30±2.15 b 2.84± ±0.34 ab ±0.71 b 28.35±2.05 b 2.95± ±0.14 ab : (P<0.05) 表 6 实验各组鱼肝脏中己糖激酶 (HK) 丙酮酸激酶(PK) 葡萄糖-6- 磷酸酶 (G6Pase) 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶 (PEPCK) 活性 (U/g) Tab.6 Activities of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (U/g) ±1.03 c 8.01± ±0.78 a 8.36±1.47 a ±0.89 b 8.54± ±1.32 a 9.65±0.95 a ±0.58 a 8.12± ±1.72 b 13.62±1.89 b ±0.75 a 8.08± ±0.94 b 14.58±2.36 b ±0.54 a 8.23± ±1.52 b 15.69±1.88 b ±0.78 a 8.16± ±1.45 b 15.87±1.99 b : (P<0.05)

5 (PK) (P>0.05); (HK) (P<0.05), -6- (G6Pase) (PEPCK) (P<0.05) 3, (Furuichi et al, 1982; Wilson et al, 1987; Luquet, 1991; Hemre et al, 1998),, (Shiau et al, 1995; Shiau, 1997), (, 1999), (, 2000),, (Cowey et al, 1977; Bergot, 1979; Enes et al, 2008) (Lin et al, 1997),,,,, 4 ;,, 2 4,, 4, (HK), -6- (G6Pase) (PEPCK) 4, 6, 4,,, 2 4,,,,,,, , 24(5): ,, , 29(04): ,,, , 23: Anshuman A, Khardenavis M, Atul N et al, Utilization of molasses spentwash for production of bioplastics by waste activated sludge. Waste Management, 29(9): AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis, 15 th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, Bergot F, Problems particuliers poses par utilisation des gulcides chezla Truitearcenciel. Ann Nutr Alim, 33: Christiansen D C, Khngsoyr L, Metabolic, utilization of nutrients and the effects of insulin in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol, 88: Cowey C B, Knox D, Walton M J et al, The regulation of gluconeogenesis by diet and insulin in rainbow trout. Br J Nutr, 38: Enes P, Panserat S, Kaushik S et al, Growth performance and metabolic utilization of diets with native and waxy maize starch by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Aquaculture, 274: Furuichi M, Yone Y, Changes of activities of hepatic enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism of fish in glucose and insulin glucose tolerance tests. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish, 48: Garcia de Frutos P, Bonamusa L, Ferna ndez F et al, Fructose-2, 6-bisphosp-hate in liver of Sparus aurata. Comp Biochem Physiol, 96B: Garcia Riera M P, Hemr G L, Glucose tolerance in turbot,

6 4 : (Oreochromis niloticus) 1055 Scopththalmus maximus (L.) Aquaculture Nutrition, 2(2): Garnsworthy P C, Wiseman J, Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Academic Press, London: Halver J E, Hardy R W, Fish Nutrition. third edition. Academic Press, London: Hemre G I, Hansen T, Utilization of different dietary starch sources and tolerance to glucose loading in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), during parrosmolt transformation. Aquaculture, 161: Lin J-H, Cui Y B, Hung S S O et al, Effects of feeding strategy and carbohydrate source on carbohydrate utilization by white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Oaureus). Aquaculture, 148: Luquet P, Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, NRC (National Research Council), Nutrient Requirements of Fish. National Academy Press, Washington D C, USA: 114 Seifter S, Dayton S, Novic B et al, The estimation of glycogen with the anthrone reagent. Arch Biochem Biophysi, 50: Shiau S Y, Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with particular reference to tilapia, Orechromis niloticus O. aureus. Aquaculture, 151: Shiau S Y, Liang H-S, Carbohydrate utilization and digestibility by tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus O. aureus, are affected by chromic oxide inclusion in the diet. Journal of Nutrition, 125: Wilson R P, Poe W E, Apparent inability of channel catfish to utilize dietary mono and disaccharides as energy sources. J Nutr, 117: THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES IN DIET ON AQUACULTURE PERFORMANCE AND MECHANISM IN GIFT NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) JUVENILE WU Bin, PENG Qi, CHEN Bin, SUN Xiao-Feng, FENG Jian (Center of Marine Research, Guangxi University, Nanning, ) Abstract We have studied the effect of different carbohydrate sources in diet on aquaculture performance and mechanism in GIFT (Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. The fish were fed with six types of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi-pure formulated diets which contained 25% glucose, maltose, sucrose, sugarcane molasses, dextrin, and wheat starch in six experiment groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively. The result show that the specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) in fish of glucose group and maltose group were significantly lower than fish of other 4 groups (P<0.05). The gross energy of fish carcass in fish of glucose group and maltose group was significantly lower than fish of other 4 groups (P<0.05). The contents of liver lipid, liver glucose and muscle glycogen in fish of glucose group and maltose group were significantly lower than other 4 groups (P<0.05). The blood sugar concentration and contents of total protein in fish of glucose group were significantly lower than other 4 groups (P<0.05). The activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) in hepatic tissue of fish in glucose group and maltose group were significantly higher than other 4 groups (P<0.05), but the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in hepatic tissue of fish in glucose group and maltose group were significantly lower than fish in other 4 groups (P<0.05). Therefore, we consider that the differences on aquaculture performance of the juvenile GIFT tilapia fed by different carbohydrate sources in diet were related with the activities of HK, G6Pase, and PEPCK mainly, rather than the molecular size of carbohydrates. It is practical to add sugarcane molasses in feed of tilapia juvenile. Key words tilapia Oreochromis niloticus; diet; carbohydrate sources; aquaculture performance; enzyme activity

Microsoft Word - 33 覃志彪.doc

Microsoft Word - 33 覃志彪.doc 44 6 Vol.44, No.6 2013 11 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Nov., 2013 (Oreochromis niloticus) * ( 530004) (Oreochromis niloticus) 6 (34.8%) (16.4MJ/kg), 20%, 1 5 20% 100%, (56d), 100%, 80%,, (P

Microsoft Word - 31 吴 彬

Microsoft Word - 31 吴彬