Bamboo, Strings and Harmonics A Study Based on the Field Investigation of Bunun Musical Bow, Jew s Harp and Four-Stringed Zither/ Five-Stringe

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1 Kuandu Music Journal No.22 pp (2015) Taipei National University of the Arts, School of Music ISSN

2 Bamboo, Strings and Harmonics A Study Based on the Field Investigation of Bunun Musical Bow, Jew s Harp and Four-Stringed Zither/ Five-Stringed Zither TSENG Yuh-Fen Associate Professor, Department of Music, National Chiayi University Abstract Based on the literatures from the Qing Dynasty and Japanese colonial period, the musical bow and Jew s harp were once widespread in many different ethnic groups of Taiwan aborigines. Today, however, the tradition of musical bow manufacturing and playing is found only within a small number from the Bunun tribe; while the Jew's harps, before prevailing in Taiwanese aboriginal tribes of the past, living tradition could only be found preserved in some of the Pan Atayal ethnic groups, including Atayal, Seediq and Truku, and in the Bunun ethnic group. For the latter, the single reed Jew's harp shows relatively more intact heritage in terms of manufacturing and playing. As for the four-stringed a popular musical instrument among the Bunun tribes, but now has almost vanished from its history. Having undertaking field-investigation constantly on these three kinds of Bunun traditional instruments from 2010 to 2014, the author noticed these musical traditions have been disappearing among the tribes at a breakneck pace and felt lucky to record and preserve some of the manufacturing and performance techniques at a time, which proved itself precious, since the elders passed away one by one within a short period of time. Dynasty hitherto, this thesis has analyzed the comprehensive knowledge of these three kinds of musical instruments, from the aspects of historical background, the structure of musical instruments, manufacturing techniques and performance practices. Besides, parallelism in terms of scale and melodic expression among Bunun musical instruments--including musical bow, Jew s harp, four- made and extends this research to the comparison between the vocal polyphony and the instrumental music of the Bunun tradition.

3 41 Keywords: Musical Bow, Jew s Harp, Four-stringed Zither/ Five-stringed Zither, Pestles Ensemble, Fanfare Melody, Pasibutbut, Polyphony

4 : : Tamarowan Laatoku Hogahon

5 43 Josef Lenharr The Musical Instruments of the Taiwan Aborigines (1982) Bunun Tu Sintusaus latuh latuq

6 : , Latuh Latuq 1 C. Sachs :

7 : :163 talunas qabung 3 qabung talunas qabung 2014

8 Bali Sugluman (a) (liv) (b) padan taqnas (c) 2500 kilis

9 47 azu 2. (a) (b) 5 6 (c) (d)

11 49 do mi sol do Fanfarenmelodie re do re mi sol do 1982:21 3. do mi sol sol re 1994: O (a) (b) 15,16

13 51 1 vs.

15 hunghung qungqung

16 Jaw s harp Jew s harp Guimbare hunghung qungqung C.Sachs The History of musical Instruments Sachs 2010: :

17 : : Bali Sugluman :

18 (a) (b) (c) 5 20 (d) (a) 21 (b) (c) (d) 26 (e) 27 (f) 18 19

20 (2010 ) gang gang

21 do mi sol 5-8

24 tultul balinka banhil latuq banhil

25 63 Tamarowan ,35 mahusgnas(sol) menda(mi) mabungbung(re) langisngis(do) 37,40, tultul tultul : :165 tultul mahusngas 37

26 sol, la, si la (1992) si (2014) 1943 do (balinka)

29 pasibutbut

30 sol do mi sol Fanfare melody Jaap Kunst Paul P. Collaer A. Schaeffner : re re sol re re (tetra-tonic) do re mi sol 14 13

31 69 (penta-tonic) la sol si do do re mi sol 1973: : do mi re sol, mi, re, do pasibutbut re 1,2,3 re

32 :

33 71

37 75 re do re mi sol 1982: : sol, mi, re, do 22 1 tultul sol, mi, re, do 37 balinka sol, mi, re, do sol, mi, re, do do, mi, sol, do re

38 pasibutbut pasibutbut sol, mi, re, do pasibutbut pasibutbut pasibutbut 7 sol, mi, re, do do, mi, sol, do 2010 is i is av tu huzas is i is av tu huzas 7 (2010)

39 (functions)

40 tuszan Mais kahuzas hai kan anak

41 79 Ellingson, Ter, 1992, Transcription. In Helen Myers (Ed.), Ethnomusicology: An Introduction (pp ). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Jairazbhoy, Nazir, A. 1990, The Objective and Subjective view in Music Transcription. In KayKaufman Shelemay (Ed.), The Garland Library of Readings in Ethnomusicology, vol. 4, Musical Transcription (pp ). New York: Garland Publishing. (First published in Ethnomusicology, May 1977.) Bunun Tu Sintusaus Mark C. vantongeren 3(2)

42 pasi but but a 2011b 2012a 2012b a 2014b c

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