(CIP).1/,. :, ISBN H31 CIP (2005) : : 127 : : (029) , : ht tp:/ / : englis

Transcription

1 ( 1 ) : : : ( )

2 (CIP).1/,. :, ISBN H31 CIP (2005) : : 127 : : (029) , : ht tp:/ / : englis [email protected] : : 850 mm mm 1/ 32 : : : : ( )

3 , 21,,,, (),,,,,, ;,, :,,,,,,,

4 U n i t 1 1 U n i t 2 39 U n i t 3 83 U n i t U n i t U n i t U n i t U n i t 8 302

5 Unit 1 Growing Up 1. Spaghetti and the proper way of eating it:, spaghetti18, spaghet ti, spaghet ti Spaghetti,, spaghet ti, spaghet ti,, 2. Russell Baker ( 1925 ), (1982), Answers to Pre-reading Task 1. Yes, I know. H e was a singe r and guitarist in t he Beatles, a Br itish rock group writing many of their most successful hits. 2. Yes, I heard the song before. 3. Life becomes b etter as one grow s up ; it ta kes time t o grow up; life is no t always wha t one has planned, but is full of surprises; life is not easy ; life is adven turous. 4. I t hink tex ts in t his unit are going to be a bou t t he st ories of childhood (growing up).

6 2 1,,,,,,, : ( 1 2 ), ; ( 3 5 ), ; ( 6 9 ),,, ( 1 2 ), ( 3 5 ),, ( 6 9 ), 1. possibility : n. (1 ), : H e admits the possibility of your being right. Is it a possibility tha t you will work abroad?? ( 2) : The TV has possibilities if it s properly repaired., Let s consider the possibilities. :by any possibility : H ousewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not

7 Unit 1 Growing U p 3 working to their full. A. capacity B. strength C. length D. possibility A: capacity ; strength ; length ; possibility : possible a. 2. bore : n. :It is a bore having to go out again on a cold night like this. It s a bore to lit tle children having to go to school every day. v t.,: The long speech bored us all. I m bored with this job. :be bored with... be bored by... : Most people were no longer listening to his long story. A. annoying B. boring C. tiring D. weary B: annoying ; boring ; tiring ; weary : boring a.,, ; bored a., ; boredom n., 3. associate : vt. ( ), ;, : We associate Egypt with pyramids. n., : He is not a friend; he is a business associate., : associate + n. + with + n. associate oneself with, : China is usually with the Grea t Wall. A. tied B. bound C. involved D. associated D:, be tied to ; be bound to... ; be involved in ; be

8 4 1 associated with... : associated a. ; association n. : associate chief editor ; associate professor 4. anticipate : v t. ( 1 ),, ( ) : We didn t anticipate any trouble. I anticipate deriving much instruction from your book. (2 ), : We anticipated our competitors by publishing our article first. : anticipate payment : The doctors don t that he will live much longer. A. articulate B. anticipate C. manifest D. monitor B: anticipate articulate ; manifest ; monitor : anticipation n., ; anticipative a. : anticipate, expect anticipate, ( ) : She anticipa tes all her mother s needs. expect ; ; ( ) : We expected him to arrive yesterday., expect anticipate that ; expect, +, anticipate, 5. tedious : a., : a tedious story tedious work : While some office jobs would seem to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying. A. hostile B. tedious C. fantastic D. courageous B:,,, tedious ; hostile ;

9 Unit 1 Growing U p 5 fantastic ; courageous, : tedium n., ; tediousness n. : ( ) boring, dull 6. reputation : n. (1 ), : He has a reputation for idleness. (2), : He is winning a reputation among businessmen. T h e senat or ma de a national reputation ou t of his qu estion of t he President. :have a reputation for sth. live up to one s reputa tion lose one s reputation save one s reputation build up a reputation : Of all the soldiers they had the most patriotic, the toughest. A. recognition C. recreation B. reservation D. reputa tion of being the fiercest, the D:, recognition, ; reservation ; recreation, ; reputation, : repute n. ( ) ; : ( ) fame 7. ins pire : v t. ( 1), : His speech inspired the crowd. a sales force that was inspired by the prospect of a bonus (2 ), : The falling leaves inspired her with sadness. (3 ), : a teacher who inspired admiration and respect : inspire sb. to do sth.

10 6 1 inspire sth. in sb. inspire sth. into sb. : Although he was on a diet, the food him enormously. A. inspired B. tempted C. overcame D. encouraged B:, ins pire ; tempt, ;overcome ; encourage : inspiration n. ; inspiring a. : ( )encourage 8. rigid : a. ( 1 ) : I just wish he were a little less rigid about things. (2 ), : They sat silently in rigid postures. rigid discipline :bore s b. rigid shake sb. rigid : The pa tient s healt h failed to such an ex tent t hat he was put int o care. A. tense B. rigid C. intensive D. tight C:, tense ; rigid ; intensive, ; tight : rigidity n., ; rigidly ad., : ( ) stiff, strict 9. severe : a. (1 ),: a severe test of our ability The National Entrance Examination is such a severe competition that many students can t handle the big pressure., ( 2) : a severe shortage of food There was a severe shortage of water in that area. ( 3) : spoke in a severe voice

11 Unit 1 Growing U p 7 :be severe with..., : I used to smoke but I gave it up three year s ago. A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. severely B:, seriously severely ; heavily, ; badly : severely ad.,, ; severity n., ;, 10. antique : v., : a fake antique This carved chest is a genuine antique. a.,: antique furniture : She has a fine collection of furniture. A. second-hand B. used C. antique D. old C: second-hand ; used ; antique ; old : ( ) aged, ancient, archaic : antiquely ad., ; antiqueness n., 11. tackle : vt. (1 ), : I don t know how to tackle this problem. T he question set by t he teacher was so difficult th at t he pupils did no t know how to tackle it., (2),, : The policeman tackled the thief. H e tackled his opponent. : tackle s b. about sth. tackle one s homework : It all denpends on bow you the problem. A. abolish B. tackle C. remove D. encounter B: abolish ; tackle, ; remove, ; encounter : ( ) deal with 12. distribute

12 8 1 : v.(1 ), :180 pounds of muscle that were well distributed over his 6-foot frame (2 ),, :distribute seed over the field :distribute... over... distribute sth. to... distribute sth. among... : The teacher the examination papers to the class. A. distributed B. contributed C. a ttributed D. scat tered A: distribute ; contribute ; attribute ; scat ter : distribution n.,, :distribute, dispense,divide, allocate distribute, : distribute leaflets dis pense : They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage. divide : divide it into two allocate : We ve allocated a sum of money to education. 13. extraordinary : a.(1 ), : a man of extraordinary strength Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace., 19 (2 ),: an extraordinary achievement extraordinary authority : These areas rely on agriculture almost resources and a minimum of indust rial development. A. respectively C. incredibly B. extraordinarily D. exclusively having few mineral D:, respectively ; extraordinarily ; incredibly

13 Unit 1 Growing U p 9 ; exclusively : ( ) remarkable, unusual 14. sequence : n.(1),, : Please keep the cards in sequence. (2 ) : a sequence of historical plays by Shakespeare (3 ),: a sequence of bumper harvests : in sequence in regular sequence, the sequence of events : Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on for two months. A. pile B. segment C. sequence D. file D:,, on file ; pile ; segment ; file ; sequence : sequent a. ; sequently ad., 15. recall : v.( 1 ), : Recall the misery of the past and contrast it with the happiness of today., Can you recall your schooldays?? (2 ), : recall an ambassador The makers have recalled a lot of unsafe cars. :beyond recall recall from, : The scene in the movie me of my childhood. A. rememb ered B. recalled C. recollected D. memorized B: remember ; recall ; recollect ; memorize

14 10 1 : ( )call back, recollect, remember 16. viola te : v t. ( 1 ), : He violated the traffic regulations. (2 ), : The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning. (3 ), : The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable. : Obvious changes of at titude of the top towards women s status in society will through the current law system in Japan. A. permeate B. probe C. violate D. grope A: permea te ; probe ;violate ;grope : violator n. 17. compose : v. (1 ), : compose a poem (2 ), : The sea is mainly composed of water and salt. the many ethnic groups tha t compose our nation (3 ), : Mary soon composed herself. :be composed of... compose oneself : It took him two hour s to by many teenagers. this lovely song which was liked A. invent B. build C. forge D. compose D: invent ;build ;forge ; compose, : composer n.,; : ( )consist, make up : compose, consist of, comprise, constitute,

15 U nit 1 Growing U p 11 compose, ;,,, ; : Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. consist of compose : Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective., comprise, : T hese houses do not comprises all his property. The commit tee comprises men of widely different views. constitute, : This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace., 18. avoid : vt. ( 1), : I walked carefully to avoid the puddles in the road. To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors., (2 ), : Are you trying to avoid me?? : You should really avoid your sick. A. father staying C. father who stays B. fa ther to stay at home alone as he is very D. father s staying D:, avoid : avoidance n. ; avoidable a. : ( )evade, keep away from 19. career : n. (1 ), : He takes teaching as his life career. My grandfather was a career teacher ; it s the only job he d ever done.

16 12 1, (2 ), : Lu Xun s career proves he was a great man. : carve a career for oneself in full career make a career : When he applied for a he was told to see the manager. A. location C. career in the office of the local news paper B. profession D. position D:, location ; profession ; career ;position : careerism n., : ( ) occupation, profession, trade, career :occupation, profession, trade,vocation occupation, : What is his occupation?? profession, : He is a lawyer by profession. trade : H e is a carpenter by trade. career, : She chose an academic career. 20. essence : n. ( 1 ),, : Being thoughtful of others is the essence of politeness. As far as I know, he is the essence of decency., (2 ), : The essence of his religious teaching is love for all men. The enthusiasm of its per sonnel is the essence and life of any enterprise.

17 U nit 1 Growing U p 13 : in essence of the essence, : When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people and as ks them question. A. at length C. in essence B. at random D. in bulk B:,, at length ; at random,; in essence ; in bulk, : essential a., 21. congratulate : v.(1),, : We congratulated her on having passed the examination. We congratulated him on his success. : congratulate sb. on sth. : congratulation n., : congratulate, celebrate congratulate,, celebrate, : celebrate his birthday with a party 1. off and on : a., :I d dosed off and on until daylight., It rained off and on all day. : It rained game. A. off and on C. over and over again yesterday and so we had to put off our football B. time and again D. up and down A:, time

18 14 1 and again ;over and over again ; up and down : ( ) on and off, ( ) on and on 2. out of date : a.(1) : This style has gone out of da te. Will denim jeans ever go out of date?? (2 ),: My passport is out of date. : The dance used to be very popular,but now it is. A. out of place C. out of date B. out of order D. out of control C:, out of place ; out of order ;out of control : ( ) up to date 3. face up to : v. : H e must face up to the fact that s he is no longer young. She s finding it difficult to face up to the possibility of an early death. : You are too old for the job. You have to the fact. A. hang on to C. look up to B. face up to D. stand up to B :,, hang on to ; look up to ; stand up to 4. turn in : v. (1 ) : You must turn in your uniform before you leave. (2 ), : They turned the escaped prisoner in to the police. She threatened to turn him in. : The soldier his military uniform on leaving the army. A. turned in C. turned down B. turned up D. turned over A: turn up ; turn down

19 U nit 1 Growing U p 15 ; turn over : turn into turn down turn away turn out, 5. hold back : v.(1) : He is accustomed to holding back his emotions. The police cordon was unable to hold back the crowd. (2 ) : He felt tha t he was held from further promotion. H e bravely held back his tears. : The bus that downtown. outside the inn would soon take the visitors A. held back B. pulled up C. got down D. set forth B: hold back ; pull up ; get down ; set forth :hold off hold on hold out 1. not... until... :: The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it was n t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.,,,, : but but of becoming a writer idea but not... until until ( ),

20 16 1,, : It wasn t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. 2. with +... : : H e wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts., : with : Last nigh t he was so tir ed t hat he fell asleep with th e lam p burning. ( with + + ), H e stared at his friend with his mouth open. ( with + + ) The man was walking on the street with a book under his arm. ( with + + ) 3. as... as... : : None was quite so simple-minded as What I Did on My Summer Vacation, but most seemed to be almost as dull. : as + a. + as,, not... so + a. + as as dull as What I Did on My Summer Vacation, as the topic 1. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. ( Para. 1) :,, : : I hated the assignments..., to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs assignments, that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write 2. I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. ( Para. 3) :,

21 U nit 1 Growing U p Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone s but mine. ( Para. 6) :,, : (1) before, ( ) : It was three days before he came back. 3 (2) but, : Nothing remains but to die.,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

22 18 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :!,,,,,,,, 11,, :,

23 U nit 1 Growing U p 19,,,, 1. comprise : v. (1 ) : The board of management comprised three men. (2 ) : Fifty states comprise the U nited Sta tes. 50 :be comprised in... comprise much matter in few words : Putting in a new window will cutting away part of the roof. A. include B. involve C. contain D. comprise B:include ; involve ; contain ; comprise : comprisable a., : ( )consist of, contain, include, involve, compose 2. adjust : v. ( 1 ), : He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country. (2 ), : adjust the errors : adjust oneself to... : She the lamp so that the light fell direct ly on her book. A. adjusted B. modified C. decorated D. arranged A :, adjust ; modify ; decorate ; arrange : adjustable a. ; adjustably ad., ; adjuster/ adjustor n.,

24 20 1 : ( )adapt 3. generally : ad. ( 1), : He is generally in time. (2 ),: The plan has been generally accepted. :generally speaking : The runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. A. common B. usual C. average D. general C: 15 2 common, ; usual, ; average, ; general : general a.,; generalize v., ;generalization n., 4. appeal : v.( 1), : The government is appealing to everyone to save wa ter. (2 ) : The decision of the Supreme Court shall not be appealed against. (3) : appeal to the law n., : an appeal for aid : appeal to sb. for... : Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they to violence in order to escape. A. proceed B. appeal C. resort D. incline C:, proceed to sth. ; appeal to sb. for sth. ; resort to violence ; incline to sth. : appealability n. ; appealable a. ; appealer n. 5. clash : v. (1 ) : Their swords clashed. (2 ), : The enemy armies clas hed. (3 ): His shirt clashed with his coat. n. (1 ) : clash of interests

25 U nit 1 Growing U p 21 (2 ): the clash of weapons : The government is likely to with the opposition on the new tax proposals. A. fight B. clash C. ma tch D. approve B:, fight with ; clash with ; match ; approve 6. represent : v. (1), : The bald eagle represents the United States. (2), : This painting represents a storm. (3), : I represented to him that it would be dangerous to do wha t he suggested. (4), : He represented himself as a friend of the workers. :represent as represent sth. to oneself represent oneself as ( to be) : The adoption of this new form of energy would a revolutionary change in the world. A. represent B. incline C. apply D. replace A: represent, ; incline, ; apply, ;replace, : representability n. ( ), ;representable a., ; representer n. 7. assume : v. (1), : Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall I do?,? ( 2) : assume new duties ( 3) : assume ignorance : assume office assume airs of

26 22 1 : The Car Club couldn t members. A. assume C. guarantee B. ensure to meet th e demands of all its D. confirm C: ass ume that ; ensure that ; confirm that ;guarantee : assuming a., ; assumable a. : ( ) presume, suppose 1. think up : v. (1 ), : think up a plan (2 ), : think up a pretext : The manufacturers have to products. A. think up C. think of new methods to promote their B. think about D. think over A : think up ; think about, ; think of, ; think over : think of / think about ; think better of sb. ; think highly of ; think well of think little of ; think poorly of ; think nothing of ; ; think out ; ; ; ( = think over) 2. in the meantime : ad., : The court is delibera ting; in the meantime, we must be patient.,, : I ll call you Sunday, but in the say nothing. A. period B. interval C. meantime D. other times

27 U nit 1 Growing U p 23 C:, period ; interval ; meantime ; other times : ( ) meanwhile 1. I got to know people by the flowers they planted that I had to remember not to cut down, by the things they lost in the grass or stuck in the ground on purpose. (Para. 1 ) :,,, : : I got to know people by... by...flowers : they planted that I had to remember not to cut down, that which,, that not to cut dow n cut down remember 2. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me, but, I realized, not without appeal so I started to look through the piles of books. (Para. 9) :, : : The idea... was new to me, but I realized,... so I started to...idea of ; but I realized, : but I realized that it ( the idea ) was not without appeal 3. He raised his eyebrows, cocked his head, and regarded me as though measuring me for a suit. ( Para. 13 ) :,, : as though he was as though, as if, when, once, if, be: If left untreated, the minor illness will lead to total blindness.,

28 24 1,,, 14,,,,,,,, (1 ),,,, 50,,,,,,,,, (2), 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,?

29 U nit 1 Growing U p 25,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,, ( 3),,,,,,, 30,,,,,, :,,?,,,, 15 ( 4 ),, ( ),,,,

30 26 1,, : 1. 2.,, Part. Vocabulary 1. A healthy life is frequently thought to be with the open countryside and homegrown food. A. tied B. bound C. involved D. associated 2. I must congratula te you the excellent design of the new bridge. A. with B. at C. on D. of 3. In your first days at the school you ll be given a test to help the teachers to you to a class at your level. A. locate B. assign C. deliver D. place 4. There is no evidence that people can control their dreams, a t least in experimental situations in a lab. A. rigid B. solid C. smooth D. harsh 5. The doctors don t that he will live much longer. A. manifest B. articulate C. anticipate D. monitor 6. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so that the audience couldn t help yawning.

31 U nit 1 Growing U p 27 A. tedious B. clumsy C. bored D. tired 7. T he local governmen t lea ders a re ma king every effor t to t he problem of poverty. A. abolish B. tackle C. remove D. encounter 8. An inven tion is usu ally t he end result of a long of ideas, experiments, and improveme nts. A. sequence B. selection C. combination D. coopera tion 9. The doctors don t that the pa tient will live much longer. A. monitor B. manifest C. articulate D. anticipate 10. The two things are the same in outward form but different. A. in general B. in addition C. in essence D. in common 11. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely with each other. A. reconciled B. negotiated C. associated D. accommodated 12. We know t hrough painful experience tha t freedom is neve r by t he oppressor ; it must be by the oppressed. A. demanded B. commanded C. required D. requested 13. He gave a to handle the affairs in a friendly manner. A. motion B. pledge C. mission D. plunge 14. He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he us that he would try as hard as possible. A. assured B. insured C. ass umed D. guaranteed 15. The at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it. A. confinement B. convention C. discipline D. principle 16. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth the total living expenses. A. acceptable B. available C. advisable D. applicable 17. Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are in grocery stores. A. ready B. approachable C. probable D. available 18. Before he started work, I asked the builder to give me an of the

32 28 1 cost of repairing the roof. A. assessment B. estimate C. announcemen t D. evaluation 19. The photograph showed a sailing ship with three tall. A. sicks B. masts C. posts D. rods 20. The firemen fought for three hours before they managed to the fire. A. give up B. put out C. break off D. cut back Part. Cloze I soon realized that I had entered an unusual kind of shop. There were no goods on display; there was no shop window : nothing 1 numbers of empty s helves a t one 2 of the room in front of 3 a man was sta nding on a 4 platform, and s houting loudly that the 5 sale of the year was about 6 I decided to stay and see 7 would happen. An assistant began to 8 the shelves with small beautiful packets 9 in bright red paper. When he 10 quite satisfied th at a sufficiently large 11 of p eople had collected, he began 12 the packets, asking for three pence in 13 and declaring the value of the 14 was fifty or sixty times as 15. I paid three pence for my packet 16 was informed not to open it 17 after the sale. I decided I 18 go before being tempted in to buying 19 I did not wan t. I wen t 20 t he st reet and open ed m y pr ize packet, only to find tha t I had been rewarded with a cheap bot tle of scent! 1. A. and B. but C. nor D. or 2. A. end B. edge C. window D. floor 3. A. it B. that C. which D. wha t 4. A. such B. rising C. raising D. raised 5. A. most B. great C. greater D. greatest 6. A. began B. begun C. begin D. to begin 7. A. sale B. this C. wha t D. something 8. A. pile B. supply C. place D. replace 9. A. wrapped B. packed C. bundled up D. tied up 10. A. had B. was C. is D. would

33 U nit 1 Growing U p A. amount B. herd C. crowd D. regiment 12. A. disturbing B. distorting C. distributing D. distinguishing 13. A. turn B. return C. reply D. fact 14. A. containers B. substance C. mat ter D. contents 15. A. much B. many C. more D. tha t 16. A. it B. which C. and D. when 17. A. as soon as B. just C. shortly D. until 18. A. will B. prefer C. had bet ter D. rather 19. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 20. A. down B. at C. into D. on Text A Comprehension Content Questions 1. H e felt it was boring, and English grammar was dull and difficult. 2. When he was a child in Belleville. 3. He heard M r. Fleagle h ad a r epu tation among st ud ents for dulln ess and inability to ins pire. He was said to be very formal, rigid, and hopelessly out of date. 4. H e thought his teacher looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. 5. Because most of titles were dull. 6. The Art of Ea ting Spaghetti. 7. Because this title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. 8. Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Because it would violate all the rules of formal composition he d learned in school. 9. H e was pre paring himself for a command to repor t to Mr. Fleagle immedia tely af ter school for discipline. 10. He said: I want to read you an essay. This is titled The Art of Eating Spaghet ti. 11. The author s. Th e entir e class was listening. T hen somebody la ughed,

34 30 1 then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. 12. He was feeling pure deligh t at this demonstr ation t hat his words had t he power to make people laugh. Language Focus Vocabulary. 1. 1) argument. :, 2) put... down. :, 3) sequence. : 4) rigid. :, 5) tedious. :, 6) hold back. :, 7) reputation. : 8) distribute. : 9) off and on. : 10) vivid. :, 11) associate... with. :, 12) congratulations. : 13) finally. :, 14) turn in/ turn out. : / 15) tackle. : 2. 1) George has been assigned to the newspaper s Paris office. : 2) There is a possibility that his wish to become a writer will come true. : 3) She had a clear image of how she would look in twenty years time.

35 U nit 1 Growing U p 31 : 20 4) When the officer gave the command the soldier s opened fire. :, 5) As long as people keep buying bikes we ll keeping turning them out. :, 3. 1) M r. Green is very dull as a lecturer. H e s rigid and old-fashioned, and doesn t seem to have the faintest idea of how to inspire. I always get bored with his lectur es. :, 2) Alan s essays are long and tedious to read. What s more, his arguments are often based on ideas which are out of date. :,, 3) I was pleasa ntly surpr ised at my ability to com pose an essay t hat t he professor chose to read to the class. It was without doubt one of the happiest moments in my school career, but I did my best to avoid s howing pleasure. When the professor offered me his congratulations, however, I could hardly hold back a smile. :,,,,,, Synonyms in Context 1. composed. :, 2. severe. :, 3. agony. : 1, 4. extraordinary. :, 5. recall. :,, 6. command. :,

36 was violating. :,, 8. anticipate. :,, Collocation 1. at. :, 2. for. :, 3. of. : 4. with. :, 5. as. : 6. about. :? 7. to. : 8. in. :, 9. from. :, 10. on. : Structure 1. :It is/ was said that, said, : It is reported tha t ; It is suggested that ; It has been noted tha t, 1) Russell Baker is reported to live today with his wife in Virginia. 2) They are said to be building another bridge across the river. 3) Only a few students in M r. Parker s composition class are said to have really captured the essence of the essay. 4) Those love poems were believed to have been composed by an English poet of the sixteenth century. 2. : as,, ;,, 1) We have made changes in our plans for a new scence park as you advised. 2) Why didn t you call a taxi as I have told you. 3) Surprisingly enough, when I arrived at the party I found someone else was dressed exactly as I was. 4) I d like you to describe to my friend your exciting adventures in Africa as you

37 U nit 1 Growing U p 33 have described them to me. Comprehensive Exercise. Cloze ( A) 1. hold back 2. congratulations 3. tedious 4. scanned 5. recall 6. vivid 7. arguments 8. off and on 9. turn out 10. career (B) 1. career. : tha t, a school,, 2. after. : soon after,, 3. black. :,, 4. kids/ children. : like the adults,, 5. at. : throw sth. at sb., 6. of. : be ashamed of,, 7. different. :,,, 8. so. :,,, so 9. on. : on the morning 10. she. : Miss Bean, s he 11. answer. :,, answer 12. assignment. :, 13. wrong. :,

38 proved. : 15. thus. :, thus so, so, thus, 16. myself. :,. Translation It is not easy to keep in touch with friends w hen they are far away. This is certainly true in my case. It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends I had there. I ve been meaning to write to them but something or other comes up and I just don t seem to find the time. Now I have kind of lost touch with them. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in future. Text B Comprehension Check 1. b8 11,,, ; 12 13,, b 2. a31 33, a 3. c impossible to resist, read all through the night 4. c 37 38, c 5. b60 61,,, 6. c, c Translation T ext B Language Practice

39 U nit 1 Growing U p on purpose. : 2. in advance. :, 3. comprises. : 4. adjusting to. : 5. assumed. :, 6. think up. :, 7. generally. : 8. clashes. : 9. represent. : 10. evil. :, 11. voluntary. : 12. in the meantime. :, 13. motioned. :, 14. appeal. : 15. decent. :, Part. Vocabulary 1. D: : associate with ; tied, ; bound,, ; involved 2. C : : congra tulate sb. on sth., 3. B :,, assign, ; loca te, ; deliver, ; place,with in 4. B :, : solid, ; rigid,, ; smooth,; harsh,, 5. C : : manifest, ;

40 36 1 articulate, ; monitor, 6. A: 3, : tedious, bored, tired, tedious,, : a tedious story ; bored tired, : be bored to death ; tired be tired of sth.lecture( boring, tiring ),, tedious clumsy, 7. B: : abolis h,, ; tackle, ( ) ; remove,,, ; encounter, ( ) 8. A: : selection, ; combination, ; cooperation 9. D:: anticipate, () ; monitor, ; manifest, ; articulate ( ), ( ) 10. C: : in general, ; in addition ; in common, 11. A:, : reconcile ; negotia te ( with ), ; associate ( with ) ; accommodate 12. A:, :, : demanded, ;, :demand repayment of a loan ; commanded,,, ; required,demand ; requested 13. A: : give a motion ;, give make, 14. A: : ass ured ; insured, ; assumed, ;guaranteed,, 15. C: : discipline, confinement, ; convention, ;

41 U nit 1 Growing U p 37 principle 16. B: 1/ 5: available, ; acceptable,, to ; advisable,; applicable ( to), 17. D: : available, ; ready ; approachable ;probable 18. B :, : estima te,, ; evalua tion,, announcement, ; 19. B: : masts ; posts ; rods ; stick, 20. B: : give up ; put out, ; break off, ; cut back, Part. Cloze 1. B. : nothing but,,, B 2. A. : A end, a t one end of the room,, 3. C. :, which, C 4. D. :, a raised platform = a platform which is raised, raised,,d 5. D. :,, D B, C A 6. D. : be about to do sth.;,, D 7. C. :, what would happen, C A sale happen,b, D 8. A. : pile,, with,, A s upply ; place ; replace ( ),, A 9. A. : wrap wrap... in paper ;bundle

42 38 1,, 10. B. : be satisfied,, B, 11. C. : a large crowd of people ; crowd ; herd ; regimen ; ( ) ; amount, ;, C 12. C. : disturb ; distort ; distinguish ; distribute, C 13. B. : in turn,, ; in return,,,b 14. D. : contents,, D 15. A. : as much,, A 16. C. :,,, C 17. D. : not... until, D 18. C. :, C, had better,, 19. A. :, something,, 20. A. : go dow n,, A

43 U nit 2 Friendship Halloween, 10 31,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,

44 40 1 Answers to Pre-reading Task 1. No,I haven t. 2. It means someone who stays with you when things are going well but leaves you when you are in trouble. 3. For both good times and hard times. 4. Friends and friendship. ( 1 20 ), ( ) ( 36 ) :,,,,,, : ( Is the let ter ) From a child or maybe a grandchild?, ( I have) Enjoyed talking with you,, : sort of, you know, it s no fun to do sth., not much of a hand at doing sth. 1. available : a. (1 ) ( ) : We have already used up all the available space. All the available money has been used.

45 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 41 (2) : There are no tickets available for tonight s concert. You will be informed when the book becomes available. (3) ( ) : I ll be available on Tuesday morning. Tha t man is not available for the job. H e has other work., : Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are A. ready C. probable in grocery stores. B. approachable D. available D: available, ; ready ; approachable,; probable 2. estimate : v. (1 ) : It s impossible to estimate his ability. I estimate her age at (2 ) ( for ) ( ) : We as ked our builder to estima te for the repair of the ceiling. n. ( 1) ; : According to the official estimate,over 100 people were killed in the armed conflict.,100 Can you give me a rough estimate of the cost?? (2 ) ( ) : They held totally different estimates of her character. I agree with your estimate of the situation. : Before he started work, I asked the builder to give me an the cost of repairing of the roof. A. assessment C. announcement B. estimate D. evaluation B:, estimate,, give ; assessment, of

46 42 1, ; announcement, ; evaluation,, : estima tion n.,, ;overestimate ; underestimate : estimate, evalua te, value, assess estimate, : Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is ext remely difficult to estimate t he t rue value of the services which people perform for us., evaluate, :By mark s in numbers or letters, the teacher evaluates a student s work. value : H e valued the house for me a t 4,000., assess, ;,, : It is impossible to as sess t he im porta nce of a machine of t his sort, for many in ternational misunde rstandings ar e caused simply t hrough our failure t o unde rstand each other., 3. correspondence : n. ( 1 ), : There are correspondences between the two accounts. (2 ), : We must bring our ideas into correspondence with the laws of the object external world. (3 ) ( ) ( ),, : She has a lot of correspondence to deal with. :It is no under the influence of alcohol. A. coincidence C. inspiration that a large number of violent crimes are committed B. correspond ence D. intuition

47 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 43 A :, coincidence ; correspondence, ; inspiration ; intuition :keep up correspondence with sb. drop correspondence with sb. in correspondence with : correspond v i. ( 1) ( to ), ( 2) ( with ),, 4. neighborhood : n. (1 ),, : She is liked by the w hole neighborhood. We live in a rather rich neighborhood. (2 ), : We want to live in the neighborhood of London. : -hood, : childhood( ) ; priesthood( ) ; falsehood( ) : in the neighborhood of ; : His debts are a thousand dollars. A. in accordance with C. in correspondence with B. in the neighborhood of D. in relation to B: in the neighborhood of ; in accordance with, ; in correspondence with ; in relation to :neighborhood,neighbor neighborhood : T he mayor ordered a probe of housing conditions in the neighborhood. neighbor,,: My neighbors are from other city, but they are very kind., 5. tough : a. (1 ), :Camels are tough and hardy creatures.

48 44 1 You need to be tough to s urvive in the jungle. (2 ),: as tough as leather (3 ), : It is tough finding a job these days. :get tough with sb. as tough as old boots tough it out : Polar explorers have to be extremely and other hardships. A. hard B. rough C. tough D. brave to endure the climate C:, tough, ; hard ( ) ; rough ( ), ( ), ( ) ;brave : toughen v., : tough,hard, difficult, arduous tough,,, : She is a pret ty tough customer. difficult,, : As usual, the police will have a difficult time., hard, easy, : Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success., arduous : T hose who seek it under take an arduous journey and can neve r b e sure that they will find it., 6. s hrug : n. (,, ) : She gave a shrug and walked away. H e gives us such explanation on this issue, and then he gives a shrug.

49 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 45, v. ( ) : I as ked her where Tom was, but she just shrugged., I admire the way she is able to shrug off unfair criticism. : shrug off shrug away, 7. urge : v t. (1 ), : urge a hor se on (2 ),, : He urged me to join their company. H e urged his students on. (3 ), : He urged tha t we ( should ) take s uch steps. They urged that they go to Europe. n. :I have an urge to see her. I felt an urge to hit him. : urge,, ( should) +,: s uggest, demand,order, request, require : She urged that her son w rite and accept the post. urge sb. to do/ into doing : The problems requiring immediate solution will be given a t the meeting. A. priority B. urgency C. superiority D. emergency A: priority, ; urgency, ; superiority,, ; emergency : urgent a., ; urgency n., :urge, force,oblige urge,, : He urged me leaving. force, : The police forced the thief to

50 46 1 confess. oblige,, : The law obliges parents to send their children to school. 8. postpone : vt., ( ) : The meeting has been postponed to next Tuesday. Would it be possible to postpone the party?? : As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to it. A. postpone B. refuse C. delay D. cancel D, cancel ; postpone ;refuse ; delay, : postponement n., : ( ) put off,delay :postpone,delay, put off, postpone,,, until/ till : The sports meeting has to be postponed till May holiday. delay, for ;, : The careless ness delayed the project. put off postpone, : The teacher put off the examination. 9. reference : n. ( 1),, : The route is best seen by reference to the map., This is for your reference. (2 ),, : The book is full of references to places that I know well., You s hould list all the references at the end of your paper.

51 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 47 (3 ), : She made frequent references to her promotion. He made no reference to his illness till after the lesson. (4 ),: Ask Dr. Ilson if he will act as one of your references. (5 ),, : Your reference shows tha t you are just the man we want. She has excellent references from former employers. : We are writing to the manager out at the above address. A. with the exception of C. with reference to B. with the purpose of D. with a view to the repairs recently carried C: with reference to, ; with the exception of ; with the purpose of ; with a view to, : referable a. ; refer v.,, :bear/ have some/ no reference to sth. / with reference to sb. / sth. / without reference to sb./ sth. / 10. absolutely : ad. : It s absolutely impossible. H e refused absolutely. : Since he to look for other ways of solutions. refused to discuss the mat ter any further, we had A. absolutely B. nearly C. seldom D. namely A:, absolutely ; nearly ; seldom ; namely, : ( ) definitely, completely ( ) relatively

52 reunion : n. (1 ), ( ) : a class reunion a family reunion at Christ mas (2 ),, : a reunion of the different schools : union n., ;, ; reunite v., : ( ) gathering, get-together 12. mostly : ad. ( 1 ),, : The people present were mostly fairly young. The medicine was mostly sugar and water. ( 2) : They are mostly out on Sunday. : She uses her car for going to the shops. A. uniquely B. enormously C. startlingly D. mostly D: mostly ; uniquely ; enormously ; start lingly : ( )chiefly, mainly 13. awful : a. ( 1) ( ),, : I have got an awful lot of work to do. I feel awful. (2 ): This is an awful film. : There was an flood in my hometown last autumn. A. bit ter B. awful C. lucky D. evil B: awful ; bitter ; lucky ; evil : awfully ad. : ( ) dreadful,horrible 14. destination : n. ( 1), : The parcel was sent to the wrong destina tion. (2 ), : The destination of his study is the law.

53 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 49 : Don t worry. We ll soon be at our families. and you can join your A. underground B. destination C. goal D. destiny B:,, destination ; underground, ;goal ; destiny : destine v. ;destined a. ; destiny n. 15. skip : v. (1 ), : The lambs were s kipping about in the fields. skip over an obstacle (2 ), ( ) : She skips the hard words when she reads. The teacher skipped the chapter five and said it wouldn t be on the test. (3 ) : She skipped from one subject to another., n. (1 ) : He gives a s kip to avoid the puddle. (2 ),, : He read the novel without a skip. : skip it, skip off ( ) : They instead. their weekly visit this Sunday and went to the church A. skipped B. hopped C. jumped D. looped A:, skipped, ; hopped ; jumped, ; looped, : skip, hop, jump skip ( ) : The girls are s kipping. hop : The little girl is hopping towards her mother.

54 50 1 jump : H e jumped into the river to rescue the boy. 16. practically : ad. ( 1 ),, : I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking. His work is practically unknown here. ( 2), : She solved the problem very practically. There was practically one room in it, and the room was practically full., : Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of every business operation in the whole country. A. practically B. preferably C. precisely D. presumably A:, practically ; preferably ; precisely ; presumably : practical a.,, ; practicality n., 1. a couple of : (1 ) : She us ually jogs a couple of miles every morning. (2 ),, : I found a couple of socks in the bedroom but they don t make a pair., (3 ), : I saw a couple of men get out. I ll stay for a couple more hour s. :be coupled with, go in couples ;, coupled with, Every couple is not a pair.

55 Unit 2 Friendsh ip be lost in : :She was lost in the work. : lose oneself in be lost in : concentrate on/ upon be absorbed in 3. choke up : (1 ) ( ) : H e choked up and couldn t finis h his speech. (2 ) : During the rush hour roads are usually choked up with traffic., 4. come up : (1 ), : Sorry, I am la te something came up at home., I ll let you know if anything comes up. (2 ) : The sun came up. (3 ) : He was come up from being an apprentice to being a technician. (4 ), : come up and say hello (5 ) : Her divorce case will come up next month. : This piece of work doesn t your usual high standard. A. come up C. come up with B. come up to D. come out B: come up, ; come up to, ; come up with ; come out ; : come up to, come up with, come around/ round come through come to 5. every now and then :,, : John comes to visit me every now and then.

56 52 1 I go to the opera every now and then. : at times 6. go ahead : (1 ), : You go ahead and tell him that we are coming., (2 ) : Go ahead with your plan. I fully support you., (3 ) : Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway. The police examined the cars and then allowed them to go ahead. : David likes country life and has decided to farming. A. go in for B. go through with C. go back on D. go along with A:, go in for, ; go through with ; go back on ; go along with :go about,, go against, go ahead, go out, go over, go through, 7. go by : ( ), : Her daughter was becoming more and more beautiful as the years went by., :go by sth., go by the board( ) go by the book go by the name 8. hang out

57 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 53 : (1 ) : Where are you hanging out?? (2 ), : Sam often hung out in coffee bars when he was unemployed. We just hang out and have a good time., (3 ), : It rained the moment I hung out my washing., :hang up hang about, hang on / onto, hang back, 9. keep up : (1 ) : We ve kept up our friends hip for over twenty years now. 20 To keep your strength up, eat well and get enough sleep.,, (2 ), : Well done! Keep up the work!,! Will the fine weather keep up?? (3 ) () : If you can t keep up, then give up!,! : If you want to frequent ly no mat ter how busy you are. the friends hip with your friends, write A. keep up B. keep on C. keep to D. keep back A:,, keep up, ; keep on, ; keep to ; keep back :keep back, keep down keep off( ), keep to oneself keep on, keep to, 10. keep in touch ( with)

58 54 1 :, : We must keep in touch with what is happening in foreign countries. Tough we will go to different cities, we should keep in touch with each other frequently., : ( )lose touch out of touch 11. kind of / sort of :, : The movie was sort of disappointing. I am kind of hungry. She can not be called a beauty, but she is kind of good-looking., : a kind of, kind of,of a kind, a kind of,, This is a kind of submarine. kind of : She was kind of sad when she heard this news., of a kind : VCD and DVD are of a kind. VCD DVD 12. know by heart :,: I will learn your advice by heart. :by heart,, in / at heart, with all one s heart, 13. not much of a : (1 ) : The food was so-so; it wasn t much of a dinner. (2 ), : H e is not much of an artist. Is he much of a doctor?? : She is a musician than her brother. A. much of B. much as C. more of D. more a

59 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 55 C:, more of, not much of a 14. on one s mind : :She looks very worried; I wonder what s on her mind., I m glad you want to talk about this. It s been on my mind for weeks., : in one s mind, be out of one s mind, make up one s mind be of one s mind 15. or something : : H er name is Julia or Juliet or something. : She is busy these days. She is writing a dictionary. A. or else C. or anything B. or something D. or so B: or something ; or else,or anything ;or so 16. in the distance :: A ship could be seen in the distance. : at a distance, 1. might/ may ( just) as well : (1 ), ( ) : If tha t s the case, I may as well try., (2) ( ) : There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed., : might/ may (just) as well 2. look / sound / smell / taste / feel as if...

60 56 1 : / / / / :It looks as if it s going to rain. It smells as if it is fresh. H er voice sounds as if she had/ has a cold. The shirt feels as if it is made of silk. : as if,, ;, 1. He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention. (Para. 1) :, : ( 1 ) : he was reading something; (2 )must have done can could : She couldn t have finished he r homework in half an hour yesterday. : have done : may/ might have done ; should/ ought to have done ; needn t have done ( ) ; could have done 2. In fact, we used to call each other Old Friend when we d met, that is. (Para. 6 ) :,, : (1 )that is ; (2 )used to, ( ), ; be/ get used to, to, : It used to be thought that the earth was fla t.

61 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 57 I shall probably oversleep as I am not used to getting up so early., used to do used not/ usedn t to do did not use to do ; used + + to do did + + use to do : Did she use to live in Shanghai?? 3. I m not much of a hand at writing. ( Para. 6) : :hand,, at ; hand,, for : His grandfather is an old China hand Jenny s father demonstrated a hand for pastry. 4. I know I don t. But I take it he s someone...(para. 7) I am sorry,but I was reading a letter. ( Para. 2) :, (, ), : but but,,, that There is no doubt but he will recover., It is not impossible but such a day may come. but,,, but, I am sorry, but I disagree with you all. Excuse me, but aren t you Mr. Green? 5. Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I m not good at saying things like that. (Para. 29) :,, : awful,,,

62 58 1, awful,,??,,,,?,, :,,,,, :?,,,,,,,,?,?,,, 25 30,,,,

63 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 59?,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,,,,,,,?,,,

64 60 1,,,,,,,, :,,,?,, :, :,,??,?,,, 1. peer : v.,, : She peered at the tag to read the price. H e peered at me over the top of his glasses.

65 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 61 : Being somewhat short- sighted, she had habit of at people. A. glancing B. peering C. gazing D. scanning B:, glance, ; peer, ; gaze, ; scan : peery adj., : stare, peep, peek :peek,peep, peer peek,, ( ), : H e just had time to peek into the room before the door closed. peep, ( ) : His hands were covering his face, but I could see him peeping through his finger s., peer, : She peered through the mist, trying to find the right pa th., 2. uneasy : ad. (1 ),: He was uneasy in his mind about his future. ( 2), : The benches are hard and uneasy. ; When the children were staying in the strange place, they will feel. A. happy B. pleased C. uneasy D. excited C:, uneasy, ;happy ; pleased ; excited :be uneasy about be uneasy in doing : ( )easy a., 3. stuff

66 62 1 : n. (1 ), : H e got all the stuff ready for building his new house. (2 ) ( ), : I can t carry all my stuff in this bag. v. (1 ), : She stuffed the cushions. (2 ) ( ) : a stuffed elephant : His marital troubles have made the of gossip. A. stuff B. staff C. custom D. habit A: stuff, ; staff ; custom ; habit : stuffing n. ; ( ) ; stuffy a. ; (, ), :know one s stuff, get stuffed(,, ) stuff and nonsense do one s stuff 4. soak : v. (1 ), : The rain soaks the earth. Leave the dirty clothes to soak. (2 ), : Give the sheets a good soak. : She the beans before cooking them. A. soaked B. choked C. soaped D. hocked A: soak ; choke ; soap ; hock : soakage n., ; soaker n. ; ; ; soaking a. ; soaked a. 5. swing : v. (1 ), : His arms swung as he walked. (2 ), : The car swung around the corner. n. (1 ), : in full swing

67 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 63 (2 ) : swing, sway, rock swing ( ) : The lantern hanging overhead swung in the wind. sway : The branches sway in the breeze. rock, : The house rocked in the storm. 6. drag : v t. (1 ),, : He hates parties; we had to drag him into going., (2 ) : At nine o clock she dragged herself to the office. n. (1 ), : a drag-net (2 ), : He felt that his family was a drag on his success. (3 ): The party was a drag, so we left early., : He was table. to steal the money when he saw it lying on the A. dragged B. tempted C. elicited D. at tracted B:, tempt ; drag ; elicit ; attract 7. extent : n.,,, : The full extent of the desert is unknown. I was surprised at the extent of his knowledge. : The Britis h constitution is a large extent a product of the

68 64 1 historical events described above. A. within B. to C. by D. at B: to a large extent, : to some extent to a certain extent () to a large extent : extend v.,, extend across/ over,() 8. des pair : n. (1 ) : He was in despair. v i. ( of ), : He despaired of winning scholarship. H e was disappointed,but didn t despair., : H e was filled with by his failures. A. despair B. desperation C. delight D. destination A:, despair ; desperation ; delight ;destination :despairing a. :drive sb. to des pair in despair 9. rescue : v.,, : The crew were rescued safe and sound. n., : A rescue team are trying to reach the trapped miners. : He had no way to get out of the burning house, but a fireman was brought to his. A. rescue B. remedy C. recovery D. reliance A :, rescue ; remedy, ; recovery ; reliance,

69 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 65 :rescuer n. : come/ go to the rescue :rescue,deliver, rescue, : Searchers rescued the boy lost in the mountain. deliver, : Advancing troops delivered the prisoners. 10. highlight : n., : The highlight of the evening is Mary s soprano solo. v.,:brisk exports highlight the upturn of the economy. : The panel discussion on cultural exchanges of people-to-people relation. the importance A. highlight B. abolis hed C. enforced D. consolidated A : highlight ; abolish ; enforce ; consolidate 1. let... down : (1 ), : Let down the curtain. (2 ),, : We had thought that we could rely on them, but they let us down., The horse let down near the end of the race and lost., : let alone, let be, let by let in

70 66 1 let off, let out,, 2. get rid of : (1 ) ( ) : We should be glad to get rid of him. (2 ),, : It took my child a month to get rid of that bad habit. :rid sb. / sth. of rid up 3. in good/ bad shape : / / : Our garden is in good s hape. H e s taking lots of exercises to get into shape. :out of shape take s hape 1. The pair had been best of friends for 30 years, even since the days when they traveled together from farm to farm in search of work.(para. 3) :, 30 : (1 )ever since ( ) : He s been here ever since Monday. (2 )...when they traveled together from farm to farm in search of work, the days (3 )in search of,, : Many birds fly south in search of winter sun. search 2. Now, living lone 12 miles east of town, Bill scraped a living hunting foxes and rabbits.(para. 3)

71 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 67 :, 12, : (1 ) living above 12 miles east of town ; hunting foxes and rabbits (2 ) scrape a living : The family scraped a living by farming. scrape v., :I scraped the s kin off the vegetables with a knife.,,?, 59,,79,,,, 30 12,,,, 120,, 50,,,,,,,,,,

72 68 1,!,,, 3,,,,,,,,!,,,! ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 2, ( 2), :,,,,, (3 ),?,,,,?,

73 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 69,,,,,,,,,, ( 4 ),,,, : :, : :,, : :,,,,,, P. S. PS Part. Vocabulary 1. H e put on his coat and headed the door. A. to B. for C. on D. toward 2. The students their teacher with a bunch of flowers. A. gave B. offered C. presented D. devoted 3. You should bear in mind he is not so strong as he.

74 70 1 A. was used to be B. was used to C. used to be D. used to 4. Instead of answering the question, the manager his shoulder s as if it were not important. A. raised B. nodded C. shrugged D. patted 5. We put th e timid child during t he t hunderst or m by r eading her stories. A. in essence B. at ease C. at random D. in advance 6. The weather is in autumn. A. vibrating B. swing C. shivering D. variable 7. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will down the economy. A. put B. set tle C. drag D. knock 8. They urged that the library during the vacation. A. to be kept open B. be kept open C. was kept open D. being kept open 9. You might throw the money into the sea as lend it to William. A. as well B. as well as C. so as D. so well 10. Despite all his talent,he is not a scholar. A. as much as B. much of C. too much D. so much 11. The losing team went to drown their in the pub. A. anxieties B. sorrows C. miseries D. disappoin tments 12. The plane for two hour s because of the heavy fog. A. delayed B. canceled C. postponed D. dismissed 13. Postage rates depends upon several factors : the type of communication, the, the weight and the method of transportation. A. destina tion B. destiny C. distribution D. termination 14. As Monitor made no to our quarrel, I thought he had intended to make peace. A. comment B. mention C. reference D. statement 15. I wis h I lucky enough to continue to learn at your univer sity. A. am B. had been C. were D. have been

75 Unit 2 Friendsh ip is mentioned above, the article was well w ritten. A. As B. It C. What D. That 17. He went on foot, but he by bus. A. should be gone C. would have gone B. might have gone D. should have gone 18. When I was in London, it rained every day. A. frequently B. usually C. practically D. absolutely 19. It is no use waiting for him any longer, we go without him. A. as well B. just as well C. as well as D. may as well 20. He s sometimes hot-tempered, but he s good fellow. A. a t heart B. in heart C. with heart D. by heart Part. Cloze There are more than forty univer sities in Britain nearly twice as many as in 1960s eight completely new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were c reated 1 conve rting old colleges of technologies in to universities. In t he same period the 2 of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to 3 than 200,000. By 1973 about 10 % of men 4 from eighteen to twenty-one were in universities and about 5 % of women. All t he universities are private instit utions. Each has its 5 gove rning councils, 6 some local busines smen and local politicians as 7 a few academics ( ). The sta te began to give grants to them fifty years 8, and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its 9 from state grants. Students have to 10 fees and living costs,but every student may receive from the local authority of the place 11 he lives a per sonal gra nt which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and 12 unless his parents are 13. Most 14 take jobs in the summer for about six weeks, 15 t hey do no t nor mally do outsid e 16 during t he academic year. T he Depar tmen t of Education ta kes 17 for t he paymen t w hich covers the whole 18 of the universities,but it does not exercise direct cont rol. I t ca n have an impor tan t influence on new develop ments t hrough its power to 19 funds, but it takes the advice of t he Univer sity Gra nts Committee, a body which is mainly 20 of academics. 1. A. with B. by C. at D. into

76 A. amount B. quantity C. lot D. number 3. A. more B. much C. less D. fewer 4. A. counted B. aged C. seemed D. lived 5. A. self B. kind C. own D. personal 6. A. making B. consisting C. including D. taking 7. A. good B. long C. little D. well 8. A. ago B. before C. after D. ever 9. A. suggestion B. grades C. profits D. funds 10. A. make B. pay C. change D. delay 11. A. what B. which C. where D. how 12. A. living B. drinking C. food D. shelter 13. A. poor B. generous C. kind-hearted D. rich 14. A. professor B. students C. politicians D. businessmen 15. A. unless B. so C. or D. but 16. A. travel B. work C. experiment D. study 17. A. responsibility B. advice C. duty D. pleasure 18. A. damages B. waste C. expense D. salaries 19. A. save B. get C. distribution D. gather 20. A. consisted B. composed C. made D. taken Text A Comprehension Content Questions 1. H e was reading a letter. 2. H e sounded as if he had a cold but actually he was choked up for missing his deceased old friend old Ed. 3. They talked about the driver s old friend old Ed all the way. 4. All their lives, they were friends. Practically, they were kids together. 5. They used to go to school together all the way through high school. 6. They hadn t seen each other more than once or twice a year over the past 25

77 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 73 or 30 yea rs because th e driver moved from t he n eighborhood and they lost touch with each other since then. 7. Old Ed died a couple of weeks ago. 8. Because the driver had wrote a letter to him. However, old Ed died even before t he dr ive r go t time to mail the let ter. T he driver was guilty of his lateness in sending out his letter. 9. The first sentence goes like this I ve been meaning to w rite for some time, but I ve always postponed it. It is probable that the author himself was not promp t at replying to his friends. A nd so he maybe always star t his rep ly with a sentence like tha t. 10. The driver said he began the let ter with Old Friend means two points: Fir st, Old Friend was what they had become over the years. Second, old friends like them were becoming fewer and fewer. Many of them might have passed away. 11. The driver valued old Ed s friendship much. H is friendship meant an awful lot to the driver and more than he could say. 12. As soon as he arrived the hotel, the writer decided to write a letter and mail it even before he had unpacked. Vocabulary ) absolutely. :, 2) available. :, 3) every now and then. :, 4) are urging/ urged. : 5) destination. :, 6) have known...by heart. :,, 7) mostly. :,

78 74 1 8) hangs out. :, 9) right away. :,, 10) reunion. :,, 20 11) or something. : 12) practically. :, 13) went by. :,, 14) going ahead. :, 15) keep in touch. : 2. 1) It seemed that his failure was still on his mind. : 2) H e was choked up with the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. :, 3) She was lost in her study so fully that she forgot to have her dinner. :, 4) Something has come up and I am afraid I won t be able to accomplish t he project on time. :, 5) The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated to probably be 2 million. : ) A couple of flights at Pudong airport were postponed this morning because of the awful weather. It is estimated tha t over one thousand passenger s were held up. : 1 000

79 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 75 2) My professor as signed me so me refer ence books on compute rs to read. U nfor tunately t hey are no t available in our school library. I am k ind of worried about it. : 3) Michael is not much of a teacher. He often skips from one subject to another so it is difficult for his students to follow him. Besides he just lets them go ahead with exercises without making s ure they have understood what they are expected to do. :,,,. Collocation 1. to. :, 2. for. : 3. at. : 4. from. :, 5. in. : IT 6. to. : 7. on. : 8. with. : 10,. Usage 1. more or less. : kind of/ sort of. :, 3. Something. :, 4. kind of/ sort of. :, 5. more or less. : 6. or something. :

80 76 1 Structure 1. 1) may/ might as well watch 2) may/ might as well pour out 3) may/ might as well walk 4) may/ might as well buy 2. 1) She looks as if she was worried about it. 2) The juice smells as if it was fresh. 3) The music sounds as if it was Chinese. 4) The shirt feels as if it was made of silk. Comprehensive Exercise. Cloze ( A) 1. choked up 2. awful 3. practically 4. neighborhood 5. correspondence 6. available 7. destination 8. reunion 9. Mostly 10. postponing 11. absolutely (B) 1. how. ::,, how 2. himself. : himself 3. but. :,, but 4. So. :,,, so 5. to. : make a call to some place, 6. long. :,,, 7. reply/ answer. :,, reply answer

81 Unit 2 Friendsh ip from. :from 9. asking. : Aren t you Bill Beasley?,, ask, jumping, asking, 10. when. : when, 11. touch. : keep touch with lose touch with ( ) 12. for. :, pay for sth. 13. pieces. :, pieces 14. go. :go along, 15. check. : check 16. out. : fill out/ in,. Translation It is not easy to keep in touch with friends when they are far away. To me this is certainly the case. It is a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends I had there. I ve been meaning to write to them but something or other comes up and I just do not seem to find th e time. Now I h ave kind of lost touch with them. However, they are always on my mind, and I think I will s urely do my best to keep up correspondence with them in future. Text B Comprehension Check 1. d: 79, 59, 30, 49,29 d 2. b:, b 3. a: A light breeze was blowing from the north ( ) ; The breeze suddenly swung around to their back s and began to gather strength. (, ), 4. d : When it crashed back down Royce found himself

82 78 1 pinned against the steering wheel,unable to move (,, ) d 5. c: 55 A lifetime s pent around the tough people who make their home in the A ustralian bush ( ) c 6. d:64 Dear God, wha t happened? (,?) 7. d: 75 Translation T ext B Language Practice 1. stuff. : 2. uneasy. :,, 3. dragging. : 4. highlight. :, 5. get rid of. :, 6. despair. : 7. peered/ was peering. :, 8. soaked. :,, 9. swung. :,, 10. in good shape. :, 11. extent. : 12. rescue. :, 13. draw on. :, 14. let...down. : 15. Worse still. :,,

83 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 79 Part. Vocabulary 1. B: : head for, : leave for ; make for ;be bound for (, ) head 2. C: : present,,present s b. with sth. present sth. to sb. give offer ; devote, devote... to 3. C: : used : used to do sth. ;be used to ding sth. ; be used to do sth. 4. C:,, : s hrug ( ), shrug one s shoulders, s hrug nod, nod one s head, nod pat,, : pa t s b. on the shoulder ( shoulder the one s, ) 5. B:,, : at ease,, put/ set sb. at ease,; in essence ; at random,; in advance, 6. D: : variable,, ;vibrating ; swinging ( ) ; shivering 7. C: : drag,, drag down,, put down, ; settle down ;knock down, 8. B: : urge ( s hould) + 9. A:, : might as well, to 10. B:, : not much of a

84 80 1, as much as,; too much, ; as much, 11. B : : sorrow,, drown one s sorrow ; anxiety, ; misery ;disappointment 12. A:, : delay, ; cancel ;postpone ; dismiss 13. A: : : destination ; destiny ; distribution ; termination, 14. C:, : comment ; mention, ; reference,, ; statement 15. C: : wish 16. A:, : as, 17. D:, : have done may/ might have done ; should/ ought to have done ; could have done, could have done 18. C:, : frequently, ;us ually ; practically, ; absolutely 19. D:, : may as well, ; as well ; just as well,; as well as 20. A:, : at heart, ; in heart ; with heart ; by heart Part. Cloze 1. B: by doing : D: the number of, 3. A: than, more 4. B: 1973, 10% 18 21

85 Unit 2 Friendsh ip 81 5% aged, ( ) 5. C: 6. C: including, ; consist of making taking 7. D: as well as, :, 8. A: ago ;before 9. D: fund, : s uggestions ; grades ; profits 10. B:pay fees : 11. C:, where :, 12. C: lodging and food, shelter 13. D:,, unless ; 14. B: 6, A, C,D 15. D: : 6,,, but or ; so ; unless 16. B: work jobs 17. A: take responsibility for, : take advice ; duty, take duty, 18. C: damages,, ; waste,,,; salaries,, 19. C: : ( ),

86 82 1 save ; gather,, A,B, D 20. B:be composed of, consist A, : a body which mainly consist academics be made of ; be taken by, be taken by

87 U nit 3 Understanding Science 1. Stephen Hawking ( 1942 ),,,,, 2. Frankenstein,,,,,, 3. The Sk y at Night, Albert Einstein ( ) 20, 1905,, E = mc 2,, 1921,,,, 1940

88 84 1 Answers to Pre-reading Task 1. It is about one great scientist, Stephen H awking. 2. The big questions, such as H ow did the universe begin? Why is the universe the way it is? And how will it end? 3. The contrast between the strength of his mind and the weakness of his body. :,,,,,,, : : ( 1 3 ) : ( 4 6 ) : ( )

89 U nit 3 U nderstanding Science 85, :,,, : 1) 2 ), :, 1. attitude : n. (1 ) : People s at titude towards the s kyscrapers varies widely. ( 2) ; : What is the Municipal Authority s attitude to the proposal of a tunnel across the river?? What s the authorities attitude towards this discord?? : take an at titude of attitude of mind, : Wha t s your toward this idea? A. altitude B. aspect C. at tribute D. at titude D:? at titude, to toward; altitude ; as pect ; attribute : ( ) opinion, standpoint, view 2. likely : a. (1 ): The train is likely to be late. They are likely to become angry with him. ( 2) : She is the most likely girl to win the prize. ( 3), :I have found a likely house at last. ad.,, : I ll very likely be at home all day.

90 86 1 : as likely as not ( = most [very] likely),, It is likely that : ( ) possible,probable... :possible, probable, likely likely, : The likely outcome of the contest varies from moment to moment. possible,,, : It is possible to go to the moon now. probable possible,, : I don t think the story is probable. 3. privilege : n. ( 1 ) : Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society., ( 2) : It was a privilege to hear her singing. :grant sb. the privilege of doing sth. : Only guests of the hotel enjoy the floor. of bowling on the 9th A. favor B. possibility C. privilege D. advantage C: favor, ; possibility ; advantage, ; privilege, : privileged a. 4. anyway : ad. ( 1) :She told me to do the job anyway I wanted. Get the job done anyway you can. (2 ), : It was raining but they played the game anyway.

91 U nit 3 U nderstanding Science 87, (3 ), : H ow old are you anyway?? : H e may not like my visit, but I shall go and see him. A. anyway B. anybody C. however D. though A:,, anyway ; anybody ; however, ; though, : ( ) anyhow 5. competition : n. (1 ) : He was in competition with 10 others for the job. 10 Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce., (2 ), : H e takes part in a swimming competition. (3 ) : Keen competition for first place. : meet [ be facing] competition from... ( ) be in / stand competition with sb. for ( ) : The pressure cause American to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. A. to compete B. competing C. to be competed D. having competed A:, pressure, B, D compete, : compete v., ; competitive a. ; competent a., : competition, rivalry, competition, : All the students are brought into the competition for the prize. rivalry,, :

92 88 1 There is rivalry among business firms for trade. 6. inquire : v. (1 ) ( about ) : I ll inquire about the flights. The director inquired of me about / concerning our work. ( 2) ( into ) : We inquired into his story, and found it was true., : inquire after inquire for ;( ) ; inquire of sb. : The students exact exam results of everyone. the teacher, but he couldn t remember the A. inquire for B. inquire about C. inquire after D. inquire of D :, inquire about ; inquire for ; inquire after ; inquire of sb. : inquiry n., ; inquirer n., : ask, inquire ask, : H e asked if Mr. Gilbert s operation had been successful. inquire ask inquire : When the doctor answer ed th e phone, Mr. Gilber t said he was inquiring abou t a cer tain pa tient, a Mr. Gilbert.,, 7. initiative : n. ( 1 ),, : They took the initiative in trying to solve the problem. take the initiative in making acquaintances a.,, : initiative spirit ; initia tive genius

93 U nit 3 U nderstanding Science 89 :have the initiative ; on one s own initiative take the initiative,, : H e took the by speaking first at the meeting. A. benefit B. initiative C. information D. advice B: take the initiative ; take the advice, : initiation n., ; initiate vt., ; initial a., ; initiator n., 8. rate : n. (1 ), : The rate of infla tion decreased to 10 % last year. 10% (2 ), : What is the rate for printed mat ter?? (3 ) : That book is only second-rate. v t. (1 ) : What do you ra te his income at?? (2) : Do you rate Tom among your friends?? : at any rate at this rate : The between the currency of many Asian countries and US dollar grea tly lowered in the recent financial crisis. A. exchange B. rate C. proportion D. change B:, exchange ; rate, ; proportion ; change 9. ensure : v. ; : Our precautions ensured our safety. : ensure sb. against[ from] danger : assure, ensure, insure assure, : H e assured me that he had finished.

94 90 1 insure ( against ) : It is advisable to insure your life against accident., ensure ( insure) : If you want to ensure that you get the diploma, you have to work harder and take all these curricula and pass them.,, 10. inform : v. (1 ), : We were informed by mail of the change in plans. (2 ), ( against, on ) : The defendant informed against the other member s of the ring. :be well informed about sth. ; inform against sb., : Though they were in the mountain area, they were well about the world by watching TV. A. said B. told C. informed D. spoken C:, be well informed about sth., : information n.,, ; informa tive a., : inform,notify, acquaint inform : He informed me of your decision. notify : We ve notified our loss to the police. acquaint : She acquainted us with her problems. 11. basis : n. (1 ) ; : What is the basis of your opinion?? Don t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance. ( 2) The basis of this drink is orange juice.

95 U nit 3 U nderstanding Science 91 :on... basis ( = on the basis of), provide a... basis for : We can t judge a per son simply on the of his education. A. basis B. theory C. principle D. condition A: theory ; principle ; condition ; on the basis of :base, basis, foundation, ground, groundwork base : We are amazed by the size of the monument s base. basis : The basis of a democratic state is liberty. foundation : the foundation of a house ( ) : a statement without founda tion in fact : Our disregard for the law attacks the foundation of this society. ground, ( ) ;, : grounds for divorce groundwork, : They laid the groundwork for future negotiations. 12. brief : a., : To be brief ( with you), we can t accep t such h arsh terms. ( ), n. : It s my brief to instruct him. v t. : Let me brief you before the meeting. : in brief, : H e arose and made a speech. A. brief B. bright C. briliant D. broad A: brief, ; bright

96 92 1, s peech; brilliant ; broad, 13. accurate : a. ;: Is this watch accurate?? : accurately ad.,; accuracy n., : ( )correct exact precise 14. tend : v. (1) ( to ), : People under stress tend to express their full range of potential. (2),, : Prices are tending upward. (3), ( to) : Tend to the master s whistle. : tend to, : There is a growing offices. for people to work at home instead of in A. tradition B. temptation C. fashion D. tendency D: tradition ; temptation ;fashion ; tendency, : tendency n., 15. precise : n. (1) ;: A lawyer needs a precise mind. (2 ),: I can t give you a precise date. : The answer is 9.532, a calculation. A. precious B. right C. precise D. correct C: 9.532, precise, correct, right precious, : precisely a. ;; preciseness n.,, : accurate, correct, exact, precise, accurate, : H e gave an accurate account of the accident. correct, : He gave a correct answer to the

97 U nit 3 U nderstanding Science 93 question. exact : H is answer is quite exact. precise, ;, : The victim was able to give a precise description of the s us pect. 16. grasp : v. (1), : I grasped the cat by the back of its neck. ( 2), :grasp an argument ( a per son s meaning) ( ) n. ( 1), : I kept her hand in my grasp. ( 2) ( ), : Success is within his grasp. : in the grasp of keep a firm grasp on beyond one s grasp : The management of computer network is really beyond my,but I can get useful information from it. A. grasp B. ca tch C. snatch D. grab A:, A,B, C,D, grasp, : take, seize,grasp, clutch, grab, snatch take, : take sb. s hand seize : The policeman seized a criminal s uspect. grasp,, : He grasped a t anything that might help him. clutch, : A drowning man will clutch a t a straw. grab : The boy grabbed the apple and ran off ( with it). snatch : The hawk sna tched the chicken and

98 94 1 flew away. 17. sufficient : a. : Sufficient data have been collected for the building project. n. [ ] [ ] : Have you had s ufficient?? : The European Union countries were once worried that they wouldn t have supplies of petroleum. A. proficient B. efficient C. potential D. sufficient D: proficient, ; efficient, ; potential, ; sufficient : sufficiently ad. ; sufficiency n., ;, 18. convey : v. ( 1) ; : The truck conveyed machinery across the country. (2 ),, :I will convey the information to him. I can t convey my feelings in words. : This train over three hundred passengers everyday. A. transmits B. ships C. conveys D. ferries A : 300 transmit, ; ship ; ferry ( ) ; convey ; : conveyable a., ; conveyance n., : ( )carry transport : carry, transport, convey carry, : The cat carried its kittens away. convey, : Escalator conveys people. Language conveys idea. trans port : Trucks transport freight.

99 U nit 3 U nderstanding Science proportion : n. (1 ), : This door is narrow in proportion to its height. (2 ), : A large proportion of the students were sick last week. : in proportion to ; in the proportion of out of proportion : The of men to women in the union has changed a lot since A. proportion B. portion C. rate D. ration A : 1980 proportion, ; portion ; rate, ; ration, : proportionment n., ; proportioned a., :proportion, harmony,balance ( ), proportion : The house, of Spa nish colonial design, has rooms with gr aciousnes s of propor tion and beautiful details., harmony,, : H er imperfect nose does not diminish the harmony of her face. balance, : In all perfectly beautiful objects, th ere is found th e opposition of one par t to anot her, and a reciprocal balance?, 20. responsibility : n. ; : The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for damage cause by misuse.,

100 96 1 A father has many responsibilities. :bear res ponsibility for take full res ponsibility for : The children should be for cleaning their own rooms. A. watchful B. res ponsible C. present D. popular B: watchful, ; responsible ; present, ; popular, : responsible a., :obligation,duty, responsibility obligation : To pay taxes is an obligation. duty, : Don t forget your duty to your parents. responsibility,, : I believe that every right implies a responsibility. 21. educate : v., : A n educa tor must first educate himself. The children are educa ted in England. : educate oneself, be educa ted at/ in a college ; educate one s taste in music : Some schools teach but fail to their students. A. instruct B. educate C. enlighten D. editorial B : instruct, ; educa te ; enlighten, ; editorial : education n., ; educator n. ; educational a., : teach, instruct, educate teach,,

101 U nit 3 U nderstanding Science 97 : He taught her how to ska te. instruct teach,, : She instructs a class in chemistry. educate : All educated Americans, first or last, go to Europe.,, 22. entertain : v. (1 ), : entertain friends to dinner (2 ), : A teacher should entertain as well as teach., : My wife them as honored guests. A. interested B. couraged C. amused D. entertained D: interest ; courage, ; amuse, ; entertain, : entertainment n., ; entertaining a., : entertain, amuse, amuse,, : I amused myself with a game of solitaire. entertain : They are much more entertaining than half the novels that are written. 23. contact : n. ( 1 ),, : F riendly contacts between different people facilitate the cultural and economic interchange. (2), : She comes into contact with many people. vt. (1 );:Contact with realities indisposed him to any more idle speculations. (2 ) ; ( ) : She contacted me as soon as s he arrived. :be in contact with,

102 98 1 be out of contact with lose contact with, : A club is a place to make frequent with friends. A. content B. contrast C. contract D. contact D: content, ; contrast, ; contract, ; contact 24. civilization : n. (1 ) : It is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. (2), : They returned to civilization after camping in the mountains. : The Romans brought to much of the Europe. A. imagination B. civiliza tion C. illust ration D. association B: imagination ; civilization ; illustration, ; associa tion, : civilize v t.,, ; civilized a., 1. do without :, : There was no television on the island,but we soon learned to do without., : H e is really a book worm. He can t books. A. do with B. make do with C. do away with D. do without D : do with, ; make do with ; do away with ; do without :do up do for, do away with 2. cut off :,, : We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation.,

103 U nit 3 U nderstanding Science 99 The telephone operator cut us off. : We should pay the bill as soon as possible or the power will be. A. cut down B. cut across C. cut back D. cut off D :, cut down ; cut across ; cut back, : cut back, cut down, cut in, cut off ; cut out, 3. bring about :, : Jealousy in a relationship is often brought about by a lack of trust. : Gambling has his ruin. He is penniless now. A. brought down B. brought up C. brought out D. brought about D :, bring down, ; bring out, ; bring up, ; bring about :bring down, bring out, bring up, bring forth, bring forward : ( )cause 4. slow down : ( ) : The road was wet and slippery, so M r. Reed slowed down the car., : Lack of demand will down our economic growth. A. calm B. turn C. slow D. let C:, calm down, ; turn down ; let down, ; slow dow n

104 in two minds :, : I m in two minds about going there. : The committee itself appeared to be over this. A. out of its mind C. to its mind B. on its mind D. in two minds D : out of one s mind ; on / upon one s mind ; to s b. s mind ; in two minds 6. lie in :, : The fundamental cause of the development of a thing lies in its internal contradictory. : lie on [ upon] lie with () lie off 7. in terms of :, ; : Think of it in terms of an invest ment. : Which sport has the most expenses training equipment, player s personal equipment and uniforms? A. in place of B. in terms of C. in favor of D. by way of B:,?in place of ; in favor of,; by way of,, : in the long term in the short term on good/ bad terms / on equal terms 8. put across :, :I m not put ting my meaning across very well.

105 Unit 3 U nder standing Science 101 : The idea of a balanced diet is very difficult to w ho knows nothing about food values. A. put through B. put across C. put down D. put up to anyone B: put through ; put down ; put up ;B put across, :put aside ( ),,, put away, ( = put by) put back, put down, put down as, put forward ( ) put in, put off, put on, put out,, put over,, put through put up with,, 9. fit into :,, : We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we re working on fit into the larger picture., :keep fit think fit to do sth. () to a fit fit in ( with),,, fit on,, fit oneself for 1. s uch tha t

106 102 1 : : We are not such fools as to believe him., : so... that, such... that, so, such, : He gave me such a good advice that I finis hed the task easily., 2. as + be + p. p. :, as as,,, ( ), ( ) He is an Englishman, as I know from his accent., As was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner., : as which, : which,,, as, As ( which) might be expected, he was admitted to the university., ( as, ) More American troops are being sent to the Middle East, as ( which )I have learnt from the newspaper., (as, ) The ma terial is elastic, as ( w hich ) shown in the figure., 1. Whether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred. (Para. 1 ) :, 100, 100

107 Unit 3 U nder standing Science 103 : (1 ) whether, (2 ) we live in, the world (3 )it is likely to... it the world we live in 2. Anyway,even if one wanted to, one couldn t put the clock back to an earlier age.(para. 2 ) :,, : (1 )even if, wanted to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age, I asked them to stay till the next day, but they didn t want to., (2 )put the clock back to ;, 3. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn t succeed. (Para. 2 ) :,, : (1 ) : The only way... would be a global state... and human initiative and inve ntivenes s a re such tha t... to preven t fur t her developments the way; tha t suppressed anything new, a global state such... tha t ( ) (2),,,, would ;,,, are 4. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn t understand it. (Para. 3 ) :,,

108 104 1 : (1 )but it the public, it science (2 )come to do, : He has come to love her. 5. But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Sk y at Night and for science fiction. (Para. 3 ) :,, : as is shown, as as, As is shown in the gr aph, the divorce r ate in t he p ast 10 yea rs has increased drama tically., 10 To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolis h., 6. The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage.(para. 7 ) :,,, : joke tha t we have not been contacted by an alien civiliza tion civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage, when,, 100,

109 Unit 3 U nder standing Science ,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,, E = mc 2,,,,,

110 106 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. frustra te : v. (1 ), : A persistent wind frustrated my attempt to rake the lawn. The wea ther frustrated our plans. (2 ) : After three hours frustra ting delay, the train a t last arrived. 3, H e was frustrated by his poverty. :be frustrated in : H e was in an attempt to cross the river. A. frustrated B. aroused C. annoyed D. interfered A:, frustrate ; arouse ; annoy, ; interfere, : frustrated a., ; frustration n.,,

111 Unit 3 U nder standing Science 107 :frustrate, thwart,baffle, balk frustrate : The police frustrated the bandits at tempt to rob the bank. thwart : The sudden storm thwarted the farmers get ting in wheat. baffle : The absence of clues baffled the police. balk : They balked the robber s plan. 2. yield : v. (1 ), : A field tha t yields many bushels of corn. That tree yields fruits. (2 ), : The child pleaded, but the parents wouldn t yield., (3 ), : She yields to no one in her condemnation of violence., :yield to yield up yield power to sb. : We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield any military threat. A. up B. to C. in D. at B:, yield to : yield n., ;yielding a.,, : ( ) yield, s ubmit :yield, s ubmit yield :I would rather die than yield. submit : H e was losing the

112 108 1 fight but he would not submit., 3. outcome : n. (1 ), : The outcome was not what he fondly expected. The outcome of their discussion is still unknown. (2),: The job offered no outcome for his energy. : The world showed much distrust towards the scientist s research. A. outcome B. income C. input D. output of the A : outcome ; income ; input ; output : effect, consequence, result, output result,, : H is limp is the result of a car accident last year. outcome, result, : If you had refused, the outcome would probably not have been very different., effect : The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil. consequence, :Do you know wha t the consequences of your action will be?? : consequence result, effect,, 4. propose : v. (1 ), : propose a change in the law

113 Unit 3 U nder standing Science 109 (2 ), : propose to buy and run a farm (3 ) : He proposed to her, and s he accepted., :propose sb. for propose to sb. : The principal proposed that the sports meet F riday. A. postponed C. be postponed B. had postponed D. was postponed until next C: postpone ;,,should to, should : proposal n., ; proposer n., : intend, mean, design, intend,,, : The dictionary is intended for the beginners. mean intend, : He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay., design,, : T h ese pec uliar for ms not only seemed to be designed t o s hock people emotionally, but to give them electric shock s as well.,, 5. evaluate : v. (1 ): The research project has only been under way for three months, so it s too early to evaluate its success., : The school has only been open for six months, so it is too early to its success. A. evaluate B. establish C. elude D. embody

114 110 1 A:, evaluate v., ; establish v., ; elude v., ; embody v., : evalua tion n., ; evaluative a. ; evaluator n. [ ] : estimate, appraise, evaluate, value, assess, apprecia te estimate, : One authority made a census of the spider s in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre., 225 evaluate, : By marks in numbers or letters, the teacher evaluates a student s work. appreciate,,, appreciate value, treasure, cherish : I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. assess, ;, assess, : It is im possible to as sess th e impor tance of a machine of this sor t, for many interna tional misunder standings ar e caused simp ly t hrough our failure t o understand each other., appraise,,, : An expert came to appraise the value of my antiques. value appraise, appraise, value : He valued the house for me at 3,500., 3 500

115 Unit 3 U nder standing Science bulk : n. (1 ), : the dark bulk of buildings against the sky (2 ), : The elephant lowered its great bulk. v i. ( ) : Safety considerations bulked large during development of the new spacecraft., : in bulk ( ), : To include all the geographical names will swell the of this book too much. A. buck B. bulk C. folk D. fork B:, buck ; folk ; fork : bulky a., ; bulkiness n., 7. somehow : ad. ( 1), : She somehow got lost. : somewhat, : They maintained that every dollar of tax collected was or other returned to the people. A. somehow B. anyhow C. anyway D. somewhat A: somehow ; anyhow ; anyway ; somewhat, : ( ) somehow or other 1. step by step : ad. ( 1) : Step by step he taught the little dog to obey him.

116 112 1 :one by one ; drop by drop : The proof is set out,,on the blackboard. A. step by step C. arm in arm B. shoulder by shoulder D. from top to toe A: shoulder by shoulder ; arm in arm ;from top to toe :break step fall into step keep step 2. wear down : v. ( 1) : My pencil is so worn down, it is too small to write with. (2 ) : We wore down their opposition after several hour s argument., ( 3) : Her incessant chat ter finally wore me down. ( 4) : He was finally worn down and his sister have the book. : wear off wear away wear out : She begged so hard to use my wa tch that she finally wore me and I let her have it. A. on B. off C. down D. away C :,, wear on ( ), ; wear off ; wear down ; wear away 1. People battling cancer or victims of El Nino may find this frustrating, but the truth is that Nature does not yield her secrets easily. (Para. 5 ) :,

117 Unit 3 U nder standing Science 113, : : People... or victims... may find this frustrating, but the truth is that... bat tling cancer, people this : It rarely arrives at final answers 2. The scientific method, as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or a problem or question to be answered. (Para. 6 ) :,,, : : The scientific method... is a gradual process..., as, tha t begins..., process 3. In medicine,when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. ( Para. 6) :,,, : : It is first tested..., and their reactions are... compared with those..., when, that might cure or control a disease, a new drug not given the drug, another random group 4. Other researchers will try to repeat the experiment, and the more often it works, the better the chances that the result is sound. (Para. 8 ) :,, :, and the more..., the more..., that the result is sound chances 5. As Presedint Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time. (Para. 9 ) :,, :that life existed... ago possibility as

118 114 1,,, :30 :?,,?,,?,,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

119 Unit 3 U nder standing Science 115,,,, :, ( 2),, :, ,, ( 3),,,, (4),,?!,, 3, 2,,,,, : :, :,,,

120 116 1 Part. Vocabulary 1. They adopted a ( n) of wait and see toward the new Administration. A. policy B. at titude C. at mos phere D. treat ment 2. The government took the in trying to solve the problem. A. benefit B. advice C. initiative D. information 3. Say what you mean and then there will be no misunder standing. A. frequent ly B. eventually C. precisely D. necessarily 4. The teacher of the students about the res ults of the experiment. A. required B. acquired C. inquired D. enquired 5. An area of rich forests was to life, because you re able to breathe fresh air every day. A. advantageous B. decorative C. at tracted D. privileged 6. A let ter of introduction will you an interview. A. assure B. guarantee C. promise D. ensure 7. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable to the total cost of the product. A. proportion C. connection B. correlation D. correspondence 8. Many of th e scien tists and engineers are j udged how great th eir achievement are. A. in place of C. in terms of B. by means of D. by way of 9. In the mountain area, we lost with the outside world. A. strategy B. contact C. rela tion D. information 10. As the journey was a long one, he took a friend with him for. A. pleasure B. entertainment C. company D. defence 11. I t is quite neces sa ry for a qualified teache r to have good ma nne rs and knowledge. A. extensive B. excessive C. intensive D. expensive

121 Unit 3 U nder standing Science I am paying for my car by monthly as I didn t have enough money to pay in cas h. A. deposits B. receipts C. amounts D. installments 13. Many strands ( ) were together to make the rope really strong. A. twisted B. woven C. revolved D. rolled 14. In the s ummer many hotels on the coast extra staff. A. take up B. take to C. take on D. take out 15. He to his customer and halved the price. A. leaked B. drew C. quoted D. yield 16. He had lost all in his ability to succeed. A. strength B. force C. faith D. worth 17. he works hard, I don t mind when he finishes the experiment. A. As soon as C. So far as B. As well as D. So long as 18. U nder certain conditions of stress, some people qualities they had never known they possessed. A. uncover B. produce C. reveal D. indica te 19. I ve been a post ma n t here, so I know t he place like the hand. A. thumb B. back C. finger D palm 20. Dr. H ubbert estima tes that oil production will fall after A. sharply B. shortly C. slowly D. smoothly Part. Cloze of m y For the past two year s, I have been working on students evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversa tions 1 some 300 students from at 2 twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally 3 and direct in their comments 4 how course work could be better 5. Most of their remarks were kindly 6 with tolerance rather than bit terness and frequently were softened by the 7 tha t the students were speaking 8 some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, 9 the following suggestions a nd commen ts indicate, students feel 10 wit h t hings-

122 118 1 as-they-are in the class room. P rofessors s hould be 11 from reading lecture notes. It makes their 12 monotonous. If they are going to read, why not 13 out copies of the lecture? Then, we 14 need to go to class. Professor s should 15 repeating in lectur es material tha t is in the textbook. 16 we ve read the material, we want to 17 it or hear it elaborated on, 18 repeated. A lot of students hate to buy a 19 text tha t t he professor has writ ten 20 t o h ave his lectur es repeated it. 1. A. involving B. counting C. covering D. figuring 2. A. best B. least C. length D. large 3. A. reserved B. hard-working C. polite D. frank 4. A. over B. at C. on D. of 5. A. presented B. submitted C. described D. writ ten 6. A. received B. addressed C. made D. taken 7. A. occasion B. truth C. case D) fact 8. A. on B. about C. at D. with 9. A. though B. as C. whether D. if 10. A. dissatisfied B. unsatisfied C. satisfied D. satisfactory 11. A. interfered B. interrupted C. discouraged D. disturbed 12. A. voices B. sounds C. pronunciation D. gestures 13. A. hold B. leave C. drop D. give 14. A. couldn t B. wouldn t C. mustn t D. shouldn t 15. A. refuse B. prohibit C. prevent D) avoid 16. A. Once B. U ntil C. However D. U nless 17. A. remember B. argue C. discuss D. keep 18. A. yet B. not C. and D. or 19. A. desired B. revised C. required D. deserved 20. A. about B. how C. but D. only

123 Unit 3 U nder standing Science 119 Text A Comprehension Content Questions 1. Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age. 2. I t was no t so bad for a pr ivileged minority, t hough even t hey h ad to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly ris ky for women. But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short. 3. If government money for research were cut off, the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology. 4. No, it is impossible because one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it. 5. If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right direction. 6. Beca use if t he public has a basic understa nding of science, it can ma ke informed decisions, and not leave them in the hands of experts. 7. The public is in two minds about science. It has come to expect the steady inc rease in th e sta nda rd of living tha t new developments in science and tec hnology h ave brough t to con tinue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn t understand it. 8. Alt hough equations ar e a brief and accurate way of describing mat hematical ideas, they frighten most people. 9. In schools science is often presen ted in a dry and uninte resting mann er. Children learn it by role to pass examina tions, and they don t see its relevance to the world around them. 10. Popular books and magazine ar ticles a bout science can h elp to pu t across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population.

124 P roducers of television science programmers should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it. 12. The author has sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to ens ure tha t the changes and technology make are in the right directions. Vocabulary ) inquired. : 2) brief. :, 3) in terms of. :, 4) cut us off. :, 5) tend. :, 6) anyway. :,? 7) precise. : 8) moreover. :, 9) grasped. : 10) in the form. :8 11) sufficient. :, 12) initiative. :, 13) convey. :, 14) fit into. : 15) in two minds ) Winning the ma tch today has ensured the Italian team a place in the final. : 2) Susan was not informed of the reason why s he was dismissed. : 3) These computer games entertain as well as educate the learner. : 4) No living thing can do without the air and water. : 5) The election is likely to be held in June. : ) The film s appeal lies in not only t he en ter tain ment it provides to t he

125 Unit 3 U nder standing Science 121 audience bu t also t he qu estions it raises about t he pos sible con tact between human beings and alien civiliza tion. :, 2) T he decision on t he project is made on the b asis of sufficient st udy. T he project is likely to succeed despite the fact t hat we do no t have sufficien t funds a t the moment. :,, 3) T rue it is ha rd to ma ke accurate predictions, but the steady growt h of t he infor mation in indust ry ensures t hat t his line of product will be high ly profitable. :,. Word Formation 1. regained. :, 2. undecided. : 3. undersupplied. : 4. disabled. :, 5. precondition. :, 6. foresight. : 7. mispronounciated. :, 8. enrich. :. Antonyms 1. majority. :, 2. accepted. :, 3. increased. :,,

126 weakness. :, 5. local. :, 6. early. :, 7. wrong. : false. :,, Structure 1. 1) twice as much as I used to earn two year s ago. 2) am wearing only half as much as I us ually do 3) had spent half as much time on your studies as your elder sister did 4) I could eat/ could have eaten as much again. 2. 1) s hown by the growth rate of GDP in the last two decades 2) As is predicted by some newspape rs 3) proved by the records 4) assumed by outsider s Comprehensive Exercises. Cloze ( A) 1. attitude 2. highly 3. informed 4. bring... about 5. rate 6. sufficient 7. put across 8. proportion 9. Hence 10. ensure 11. audience (B) 1. which. : you live, the world, in,, which 2. how. :and,,, how 3. Besides. :,,besides 4. that/ which. : tha t which, discoveries 5. discoveries. :, one discoveries

127 Unit 3 U nder standing Science Another. : one... another 7. through. :,,, through 8. other. : and,, other 9. an. : a number of number endless,, an 10. affect. :,, affect 11. imagine/ tell. :?, imagine tell 12. may. :, may 13. supply. :, s upply, 14. around. :, 15. make. : make discoveries, 16. live. : in which you live, the world. Translation It is hard to imagine how our for efa the rs cou ld do withou t so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about. Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed some comforts. The majority didn t even have sufficien t food, no t to sp eak of/ let alone t he pr ivilege of being educated. H owever, many people blame mod ern technology for t he problems it has created. They want to slow down the rate of progress. But no one can put the clock back. The best we can do is to make informed decisions as to the direction in which technology is to develop. Text B Comprehension Check 1. d4 3 4,, d a,b, c

128 b people bat tling cancer or victims of is that Nature does n t yield her secret easily. this It rarely arrives at final answers. b a,, c, d every 3. a8 2 A publication is really a challenge : H ere is my result. Prove me w rong. A 4. c It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it supposed to., it, a 5. c 8 1,,,, c 6. a7 1,,, a 7. b7 2,, b a c,, d Translation T ext B Language Practice 1. outcome. : 2. frustra ting. :, 3. yield. : 5% 15 %, 4. Failure. : 5. worn down. : 6. conclusions. : 7. amount. :,

129 Unit 3 U nder standing Science professional. :, 9. proposed. : 10. evaluating. :, 11. Somehow. :, 12. bulk. : 13. process. :,, 14. step by step. :,, 15. challenges. : Part. Vocabulary 1. B: : policy ; attitude ; hold / take / adopt an attitude of ; atmosphere, ; treatment, 2. C: : take the initiative,, ; take the advice ; 3. C: : frequently, ; eventually, ;precisely ; necessarily 4. C: : require, ; acquire, ; inquire ; ask,,, ask of 5. A:, : advantageous ; decorative ; at tracted ; privileged 6. D: : assure, ; guarantee, ( ) ; promise, ; ens ure, 7. A:, : in proportion as [to] ; correlation, ( ) ; connection, ; correspondence, 8. C: : in place of, ; by means of ; in terms of, ;

130 126 1 by way of, 9. B:, : strategy, ; contact, ; relation, ; information 10. C:, : pleasure, ; entertainment, ; company ;defence 11. A : : extensive, ; excessive, ; intensive, ; expensive 12. D:, : deposit, ; receipt, ; amount ; installment 13. A: : twist, ; weave, ; revolve ; roll( ), ( ), 14. C:, : take up,, ; take to,, take on,, ; take out, 15. D:, : leak ; draw, ; quote ;yield 16. C: : strength, ;force,, ; faith, ; worth ; in good faith, have faith in,, 17. D:, : as soon as ; so far as, ; so long as ; so long as as long as 18. C:, : uncover,, ; produce,,,, ; reveal,,, ; indicate,, ;produce reveal, produce, : to produce one s ticket ; reveal, 19. D:, : thumb ; back ; finger ; palm ; know sth. like the palm of one s hand,

131 Unit 3 U nder standing Science A: 2012 : sharply, ; s hortly, ; slowly ; smoothly, Part. Cloze 1. A: 300 involving 2. B: at least, : 21 at,at best ( ), a t length, at large 3. D: and direct, frank reserved, frank 4. C: comments on, 5. A: presented course work, 6. C: made remarks, 7. D:fact that 8. B: speak about somebody/ something 9. B:,,, as, though, whether, if 10. A:, dissatisfied, unsatisfactory, ; 11. C : discouraged from, professors should be discouraged from reading lecture notes 12. A:, voice 13. D: give, out

132 128 1,give out 14. D: wouldn t 15. B:avoid doing 16. A:, 17. C:,, 18. C: repeated not, want to discuss it or hear it elabora ted on 19. B:required text 20. D: only to do something,only + to do something

133 U nit 4 American Dream 1. American Dream, 2. Immigrants,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. Depression days ,,, Answers to Pre-reading Task 1. I t first mea nt get ting ou t of pover ty ; later it mea nt the chance for th eir children to succeed. 2. Dr. Her tz t hinks American govern men t wan ts people to believe in t he American Dr eam, because American Dream can be used t o s uppor t t he

134 130 1 ca pitalist system and keeps most of the population work ing and spending their money. 3. It is in one s head because one wants to live as well as or bet ter than other s; it is in one s pocket because one has to keep on spending money so as to have things other people have. 4. The Americans who have American Dream believe that they can live a good and successful life as long as they work hard and take the opportunities. T ext A,,, : ( 1 29 ) :,, ( ) :,,,, : I mow your lawn,, ( ),,

135 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 131,, : my wife said he was very helpful ; I got a report that he had graduated as a skilled grinder 1. abandon : v. ( 1 ),, : The young couple abandoned their daughter hoping that they would give birth to a boy. As the plane was badly damaged, the pilot had to abandon it., (2 ), : They abandoned the game because of rain. n., : The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon. : abandon oneself to,,, with abandon,; : The girl had to her journey because of her mother s illness. A. abandon B. leave C. desert D. quit A:abandon, ; leave, ; desert ;quit ( ) : abandon, desert,quit abandon, ;,abandon,give up :Because of the financial difficulties, the project was abandoned., desert : All my friends have deserted me. quit, : I quit before the game is over. 2. amaze : v t., : Her knowledge amazes me. Dave amazed his friends by suddenly getting married.,

136 132 1 :be amazed at/ to do/ that... it amazes me that.../ to do something ( ) to somebody s amazement ( ) : amazing a. ; amazement n. : amaze, astonish, surprise,, amaze,,,, : We were amazed at the ingenuity with which they solved their difficulties. ( ) astonis h,, : I was astonished at his rudeness. surprise, : We were surprised at finding the house empty. 3. amuse : v t. (1 ), : His story amused me. (2), : She amused herself by reading detective stories. The kids amused themselves playing hide-and- seek. :be amused a t/ by/ with... : amusing a. : ( )entertain : amusing, interesting, amusing,, : Your foolish mistak es amused all of us. interesting, : His experience makes an interesting story. 4. approach : n. (1 ), : The approach of winter brings cold weather., (2), : All approaches were blocked.

137 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 133 (3), : present a new approach vt. / vi., : We approached the museum. : an approach to, :I must tell him that I can t go to his graduation ceremony,but I don t quite know how to the subject. A. deal B. approach C. cope D. settle B:, deal with cope with, settle ( ) : ( )access, entrance 5. assume : v t. (1 ), : assume this to be true (2 ),, : assume office (3 ),,, ( ) : assume a new as pect : assuming that..., : The prince power on the death of his father. A. assumed B. consumed C. resumed D. presumed A :, assume,, assume power, ; consume ; resume ;presume, : assumption n., ;, : We are working plan in a week. the assumption that we can carry out the A. on B. in C. under D. for A : on the assumption tha t..., ( ) : assume,presume, suppose,, assume,, tha t : If he is not here in five minutes, we ll assume tha t he is not coming., presume,

138 134 1, : From the way they talked I presumed them to be married. ( ), suppose,,,, : He must have missed the train. Yes, I suppose so., 6. balance : n. (1 ), : Rides need a good sense of balance. T ry to achieve a bet ter balance between work and play. (2 ), (3), : I must check my bank balance. ( ) v t. (1 ), : H ow long can you balance on one foot?? H is lack of experience was balanced by his willingness to learn. (2 ), : She balanced the at tractions of a high salary against the prospect of working long ours. :off balance : Life depends on the and the heat lost to cooler surroundings. between the heat received from the sun A. relationship B. contrast C. exchange D. balance D: relationship, ; contrast, ; exchange,, exchange...for capacity : n. (1 ), : a hall with a holding capacity of 2, (2 ) : This book is within the capacity of young readers.

139 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 135 (3 ), : As your father, I can set you free, but in my capacity as a king of the country I must do my duty and punish you.,,, : at full capacity ( ) ( ),, in one s capacity as ( = in the capacity of), ( ) have the capacity for/ to do... : Mobile telecommunications is expected to double in Sha nghai t his yea r as a result of a con tr act signed between t he two companies. A. capacity B. potential C. possession D. impact A:, capacity, ; potential, ; possession, ; ; impact ; : capable a. ; capability n. 8. character : n. (1 ),, : H e has a strong but gentle character. ( 2),, : The whole character of the village has changed since I was last here., ( 3), : the characters in the novels of Charles Dickens ( 4) ( ), ( ) : The characters in Chinese writing look like pictures. : in character( ) out of character( ) : The police were tracking a sus picious. A. na ture B. personality C. character D. disposition C : nature ; per sonality ; disposition, : characteristic a., : ( ) per sonality

140 136 1 : character, personality, character : a teacher of grea t character personality : H e has a strong per sonality. 9. confidence : n. ( 1 ) : H e has won her confidence; she trusts him. ( 2), :She lacks confidence in herself. :have confidence in somebody in confidence, take into one s confidence : The managing director told the journalists he was success. A. confident B. optimistic C. happy D. reliable A: confident ( of ), ;be optimistic about ; reliable : confident a., : with confidence, confidence in somebody with confidence : Please face the future with confidence confidence in somebody : his confidence, the confidence of the man in her 10. create : v t. (1 ),, : Man creates himself. (2 ), : It s bound to create trouble sooner or later. : Lenin stressed that it is precisely the people who history. A. invent B. imagine C. create D. discover C: invent ; imagine ; of the

141 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 137 discover : creation ; creative ; creativity ; crea ture : compose,design, invent, make,produce, compose ( ) : This piece of music was composed for the piano. design ( ) : The building has been specially designed to provide easy access for people in wheelchairs. invent ( ), : Algebra was invented by the A rabs. make,,, :Did you make this dress or buy it?? produce, : The factory has not begun to produce yet. 11. determination : n., : That girl has great determination; I am sure s he will do well., : with great determination be determined to do = make up one s mind to do = resolve to do determine on/ upon, : The government s strong action demonst rated its the rebellion. t o crush A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination D: energy ; resistance, ; courage : determine v., 12. diet : n. (1 ) : Most people don t have enough fiber in their diet. Poor diet and too much smoking will seriously damage the health of your hair.

142 138 1 Nowadays many people prefer a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables. (2) ( ), : The doctor ordered a semiliquid diet for the pa tient. vi. : She is dieting. :be/ go on a diet 13. discard : v t.,, : discard prejudices :discard A for B A B discard old beliefs : We have a cupboard full of toys. A. discarded B. abandoned C. deserted D. rejected A: discard, discarded ; abandon ; desert ( ) ; reject : ( )abandon,desert,quit 14. graduate : v. ( ), : She graduated from an American college. The university graduated 500 students this summer., 500 n. ( ), : H e is a graduate of Columbia University. : graduation ; postgraduate 15. handle : n., : a hammer handle v t. ( 1),, :Can you handle ( deal with) the situa tion?? The speaker was roughly handled ( treated ) by the crowd. (2 ) : handle a gun with precision (3 ),, : Was h your hands before you handle my books, please.

143 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 139 : ( ) manage, control,deal with 16. helpful : a., : publis h more new books helpful to teenager :be helpful to : helpfully ad., : ( ) helpless 17. hunt : v. (1 ), : hunt lions (2 ) ( after, for ) ; : I hunted for my book everywhere. Wolves hunt in packs. :hunt down, hunt after/ for, on the hunt ( for) hunt about for, hunt out ; hunt up, : hunter n. : ( ) search, seek, look for 18. loan : n.,, :I asked the bank for a loan. v t., : The bank loaned me some money. The artist loaned her pictures to the museum. : ask for the loan of have the loan of sth. on loan ( ) : H e asked the bank for a small of five million dollars. A. coin B. deed C. tax D. loan D : 500 coin ; deed ; tax

144 personnel : n. (1 ) ( ), : The company had to fire half of its personnel to save money. (2 ) : I went to personnel to ask about the company retirement program. : All the technical are required to learn a foreign language. A. personnel B. personalities C. crew D. faculty A: personnel,,, : All personnel were present at the meeting. personality ; crew ; faculty 20. precision : n. ( ), ( ) : The professor spoke with precision. : Laser technology has enhanced the of many surgical procedur es. A. detail B. cost C. considera tion D. precision D: detail ; cost, ; consideration : precise a.,; 21. weekly : a., : U nited Airline offers twice-a-week flights to Thailand. His story was published in a weekly newspaper 21 st centu ry English. 21 ad. : weekly wage n., : This weekly is printed every F riday. 22. wreck : n. ( 1 ), ( ) : The collision reduced the car to a useless w reck.

145 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 141 ( 2) : The stroke left him a helpless w reck. vt. (1), : The weather wrecked all our plans., ( 2 ), : They had been wrecked off the coast of Africa. : The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages : several fishing boats were and many houses collapsed. A. wrecked B. spoiled C. torn D. injured A: :, wreck ; spoil ; torn tear, ; injure : ( ) destruction, ruin 1. above all : : John is fair, hardworking, and above all, honest.,, I won t go with you, because it s too far, too late, and above all, too dangerous.,,, : I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and quiet environment. A. before all B. all in all C. after all D. above all D:,, above all most importantly, ; all in all, ; after all, 2. call on : ( 1 ) : I d like to call on my former professor while I am on business in Beijing., in a He wanted to call on his girlfriend after work, and then go to see a movie with her. (2 ), : call upon

146 142 1 : Our manager is back this afternoon. an important customer now and he will be A. calling on B. calling in C. calling up D. calling for A:, call on/ upon, ; call in, ; call up, ( ), ; call for ( ) ;, : call a t ( ) call back call for ( ) ;, call forth, ;, call in, call off call on/ upon, ;, call up ;( ) ; 3. clean up : (1 ) ( ) : I ll go shopping with you as soon as I ve cleaned up the kitchen. ( 2), ( ) : The new mayor has promised to clean up the town by getting rid of all the criminals. : Look at all the corruption that is going on. It s time the city was. A. cleaned out C. cleaned down B. cleaned away D. cleaned up D:, clean down ; clean out : clean down clean out 4. do with : ( 1) ( could, can ), : This room could do with a good clean. ( 2) ( what ), : What do you do with such rude boys?

147 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 143? W hat are we going to do wit h t he huge rock lying in t he middle of t he road?? ( 3) : What he does at home has nothing to do with the teacher. ( 4) ( ) : I can t do with all this loud music. : You must buy cakes with your ow n pocket money or. A. do without C. do with B. make do with D. do up A:, do up, ; ; ; do without,, ; make do with = make do, :do away with, do for, do one s best have nothing/ something to do with / 5. for sale :,: Reluctantly my parents put a For Sale sign on the house. H er former home is for sale at :on sale ; 6. pass away : ( die ) : The teenager has lived on his own since his parents passed away four years ago., : On entering another country, a tourist will have to Customs. A. pass through C. pass by B. pass over D. pass down A: pass by, the

148 144 1 ; pass over ;pass through, ; pass down ( ) :pass by, pass over pass on, pass through, pass up ( ), 7. send for :, : Don t worry abou t your son, I have sen t for t he doctor., H e sent for his parents to at tend the graduation ceremony at Harvard. : The old lady is seriously ill, and we have to a doctor. A. send in B. send for C. send off D. send up B:, send in,, ; send for, ; send off, ; send up : send away send in,, send off, send out () ; () send up 8. turn away :, : He s my son after all, I can t just turn him away when he is in trouble., T h e lect ure hall was already full and many of t he st uden ts were t urned away., ( ) : The F rench pianist who had been praised very highly a grea t disappointment. A. turned up B. turned out C. turned in D. turned down to be B:

149 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 145 turn down,, ; turn up,,, ; turn out,,,,,,, ( ) ; turn in, ; :by turns, in turn,;, take turns, turn around/ round, ( ) turn back ( ), ( ) turn down ;, turn in, ; turn into turn out, ;,;, ;, ( ) turn over, ;, ; turn to,, turn up, ;, 9. turn down : (1 ) : He was offered the job but he turned it down because it involved too much traveling. Look, I am offering you a free meal you are surely not going to turn me down?,,? (2 ), : Please turn down the radio a bit! 10. work out : (1 ) : M y mother allowed me to take the trip, but asked me to work out the total cost first., (2 ), : Did you work it out?? (3 ), : Finally I worked out that the parcel had been sent to Paris by mistake. : It is up to the Government to deal with the environmental pollution problem and measures in line with the council s suggestion. A. set about B. work out C. fill up D. bring over

150 146 1 B:, set out, ;fill up ; bring over, ( ) : at work,;, out of work work off, work at/ on, work up, ;, 1. It is + a. + for somebody to do something : : It was hard for me to comprehend his broken English., : (1 ) to do something somebody; for somebody, (2 )it, to do something 2. :I went into my house,unhappy., H e sat there, silent., :, :I went into my house, and I was unhappy. : He sa t there, and he was silent. 1. My wife and I were delighted with what we felt was a satisfying end of the story. ( Para. 16 ) :, : (1 ) what with, we felt (2 )be delighted with (3 ) satisfying, satisfactory 2. The only difference was where you put the decimal point. ( Para. 32 ) :

151 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 147 : (1 ) where was ( 2) put the decimal point, C,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,

152 148 1,,,?,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,? 2 000,,,,,,,,,,,! 8 000,,?,,,,

153 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 149,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 24, 1. s urroundings : n. : The house is in beautiful s urroundings. : The house is in beautiful. A. surrounding B. surroundings C. environment D. circumstances

154 150 1 B: : surround, : ( )environment, circumstance : surroundings, environment, circumstance surroundings,, environment, : The children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment., circumstances, : We can t judge wha t he did until we know all the circumstances. 2. threaten : vt. (1 ),: I was threatened with dismissal if I didn t obey. She threatened to murder him. (2 ), : The dark cloud threatened a big storm. It threatens to rain. : carry out a threat under threat of threaten somebody with/ to do... : The survival of civilization as we know is threat. A. within B. under C. towards D. upon B: be under threat, : threa t n., : ( ) warn 3. divorce : n. (1 ) : She got a divorce from him last year. After his divorce the father was given custody of the children.,

155 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 151 (2 ), : Never be divorced from the masses. v t. ( 1) ; : The judge divorced the young couple. (2 ), : Never be divorced from real life. :divorce somebody get/ be divorced be divorced from : Mr. Green his wife. A. divided B. diverted C. dived D. divorced D: divide ;divert ; dive ;divorce : ( ) marry 4. motivate : vt.,, : No one really knows what motiva ted him to do so. This will motivate the students to study harder. : motivate somebody to do something : The beautiful picture in this book new words. the child to learn more A. lets B. accelerates C. accomplis hes D. motiva tes D: accelera te ; accomplis h ; motivate : motive n.,, : motive, incentive, inducement motive : Greed was his only motive for stealing. incentive ( ) : Money is still a major incentive to most people., inducement : They offered her a share in

156 152 1 the business as an inducement to stay. 5. assure : v t. (1 ), : The news assured us. (2 ), :I ass ure you there is no danger. Nothing can assure permanent happiness. : assure somebody of/ tha t, : He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he us that he would try as hard as possible. A. insured B. guaranteed C. assumed D. assured D:,, insure ;guarantee ; assume ; assure : assurance n., : ( )insure, guarantee : insure,guarantee, insure ( ) ; : insure somebody s proper ty against fire guarantee ( ), : My watch is guaranteed for one year. 6. fulfill : v t. (1 ),, : to fulfill one s promise They fulfilled their work ahead of time as we did ours., (2 ), : If he s lazy, he ll never fulfill his ambition t o ac hieve anything., : Brown was a brilliant musician but he had never promise. A. completed B. concluded C. fulfilled D. performed his early C: complete ; conclude ; fulfill ; perform

157 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 153 : fulfillment n., : ( )complete 7. obtain : v t., : He always manages to obtain what he wants. v i.,, : The practice still obtains in some areas of England. : In the second experiment they a very clear res ult. A. obtained B. acquired C. won D. at tained A: obtain,, ; acquire,, ; win ; at tain : obtainable a. :obtain, acquire, win, at tain obtain,, : Where did you obtain this book?? acquire,, : acquire knowledge win : Surely he will win the game. attain : She attained rank of deputy director. 8. appoint : v t. ( 1), : We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school. (2 ) ( for ), : They appointed a place to exchange stamps. : appoint somebody as/ to be ( ) appoint somebody to do ( ) : As soon as the observer saw what our child was doing, and noticed his lack of initial success at the tack, she at tempted to intervene. A. named B. appointed C. designated D. assigned

158 154 1 B:,, appoint,, appointed, ;name, ; designa te, ( ),, ; assign,, () : appoint ment n. ; 9. sacrifice : n. (1 ), : A lamb was offered in sacrifice. (2 ), : He gave his life as a sacrifice for his country. v t., : He sacrificed his life to save the drowning child. : at the sacrifice of... make sacrifices for... : In primitive societies, sheep and cows were used as ghosts and gods. A. symbols B. sacrifice C. grants D. gifts B: sacrifice( ), ; 10. opportunity : n., : I have been offered a job. It s a grea t opportunity., I ll have another opportunity to visit the exhibition next year. : take the opportunity to do something/ of doing something, : Let me take this opportunity to say a few words. : Many new univer sity education. will be opened up in the future for those with a to

159 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 155 A. oppor tunities C. necessities B. realities D. probabilities A : reality ;necessity ; probability :opportunity,occasion, chance,break, opportunity :,, wait for an opportunity to take action;,, to avail oneself of the opportunity to say a few words. occasion opportunity :, :, w hen occasion demands...; It s no occasion for crying to have no occasion to do...,occasion reason cause, occasion, : This sort of thing is usual on occasions like this. chance : Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of mak ing an unexp ected discovery t hat lures men down to t he depths of the earth., break,, : a good break, a bad break, T h at fellow gets all t he breaks ; h e has been working th ere for only six months and has already been promoted to the position of vice-president., 6, 1. come up with

160 156 1 :,, : Advanced computer technology has come up with an answer to accura te weather forecasting. : The new production of Othello is very ambitious and extremely interesting,but somehow it doesn t quite. A. come off B. come through C. come out D. come round A:,, come off, ;, ; come through, ; come out, ;, ; ; come around/ round, ; : come about, come across, come along, ;, come around/ round, ; come down ( ) ;, come down to come on ( ), ;, ;, come out, ;, ; come over, come through, come to ;, ;, come up against () ( ) come up to, () 2. take advantage of :, : The trouble is that there are not many students who really know how to make use of their time to its best advantage. :have/ get/ gain an advantage over, to sb. s advantage

161 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream For weeks he had worried over how to convince the graduates that they, too, could succeed against seemingly impossible odds, that they could move mountains. (Para. 2 ) :,,,, : ( 1 ) how to do, convince tha t ( 2) move mountains, 2. Before long he was reading more books than his determined mother required, and he couldn t wait to share them with her. (Para. 6) :,, : (1 )than (2 )couldn t wait to do something,, : ,,,19,, 260 ( 1),,,

162 158 1,,,?, 13, 8,,,,,,,,,, (2),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 3 ),,,,14,!,,

163 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream ,,,, ,,,,,,, :,, 22, 70,, 20,,, 40,,,?,, ( 4)!!,,, 5

164 160 1,,,! ( 1) : :,,, :,, Part. Vocabulary 1. When she lef t college, she got a as an edit or in a publishing company. A. job B. work C. employment D. occupation 2. Alone in a desert house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt lonely. A. nothing but B. anything but C. all but D. everything but 3. His audience did not find these works easy to understand, though today we find them more. A. fantastic B. comprehensive C. comprehensible D. notorious 4. The government gave a very explanation of its plans for individual developmen t. A. widespread B. extensive C. univer sal D. comprehensive 5. H e corporation has enough to build another factory.

165 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 161 A. fund B. capital C. principal D. investment 6. The young man s clothes were scat tered about his room. A. at will B. at random C. with a hurry D. at time 7. If we can the Italian team, we ll be through to the final. A. win B. beat C. conquer D. surpass 8. The boy spent as much time watching TV as he studying. A. does B. had C. was D. did 9. Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few apartments in the area. A. free B. vacant C. empty D. reserved 10. I had dreamed of going to India,but my plan. A. fall back on B. fall into C. fall on D. fall out 11. The visit to Guilin was really a enjoyable trip. We ll never forget it. A. more B. much C. most D. least 12. T h e fax is arguably t he most useful machine t o be since t he telephone. A. discovered B. created C. invented D. found 13. He is still after the accident, which made us all surprised. A. living B. alive C. live D. lively 14. He bear s a heavy of responsibility upon his s houlders. A. freight B. cargo C. weight D. load 15. The football game comes to you from New York. A. lively B. alive C. live D. living 16. The automobile company several television programs. A. advocated B. sponsored C. promoted D. maintained 17. The writer s choice of words is simply a mat ter of style. A. per sonal B. private C. personnel D. individual 18. Eggs, although nourishing, have of fat content. A. large number C. the high amount B. a large number D. a high amount 19. My plane was an hour because of a suspected bomb in the luggage

166 162 1 compartment. A. postponed B. put off C. delayed D. cancelled 20. This is job. You need to be trained. A. skillful B. skilled C. competent D. competitive Part. Cloze The sea is the largest 1 part of our world. It 2 seventy-one percent of the earth. There is 3 to be discovered about this vast blanket of water. Luckily, 4 single nation h as the task of learning all we need to know about ocean. The 5 sea is ow ned by no one ; it 6 the earth and belongs to us all. Scientists in many different countries are working to 7 its mysteries. Some are studying ways of 8 the ocean s huge supply of water to the 9 th e of t he world. Ot he rs 10 con trol th e weat her by learning more about the exchange of heat and 11 between the ocean and the air. Others are st udying t he ways 12 sound tr avels a nd is affected 13 water and heat. Wha t happens 14 sea water touches different elements is another subject of study. These are just a few of the questions 15 oceanographers are devoting their energies. One of most interesting 16 in oceanography is the work of mapping the ocean 17. Only a very small par t of it h as been 18. T his was no t important when only surface ships sailed the world s oceans, but it can 19 the difference between life and 20 to men in submarines. 1. A. not knowing B. unknown C. not been known D. known 2. A. ranges B. includes C. cover s D. excludes 3. A. still more B. still much C. more still D. lot 4. A. more B. one C. a D. no 5. A. national B. nation C. world D. worldwide 6. A. is B. surrounds C. exists D. needs. 7. A. explain B. be encouraged C. cultivate D. be explained 8. A. learning B. having C. being brought D. bringing 9. A. rivers B. deserts C. forest D. lakes 10. A. in the hope of B. hope for C. hope to D. in hope of 11. A. warm B. stormy C. rainy D. moisture

167 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream A. in which B. for which C. tha t D. why 13. A. on B. for C. by D. with 14. A. that B. which C. whether D. when 15. A. to which B. that C. in that D. for which 16. A. arrangements B. projects C. dreams D. concepts 17. A. floor B. wa ter C. amount D. sky 18. A. recognized B. unknown C. interested D. mapped 19. A. be dangerous B. foretell C. mean D. be known 20. A. survive B. death C. alive D. dead Text A Comprehension Content Questions 1. H e came from a rocky farm in Italy, somewhere south of Rome. 2. One evening M r. Crawford found Tony standing in the driveway, behind his garage. 3. Tony seemed not to care what he told him, and the Depression Days were difficult. 4. Tony mowed M r. Crawford s law n without his permission. 5. Tony asked for the job, and M r. Crawford agreed to employ him in the factory. 6. Tony got trained at the good apprentice school in M r. Crawford s factory. And the couple were very satisfied. 7. Because he wanted to buy a house, he asked for a loan. Yes, Mr. Crawford was of great help. H e promised to the banker friend that Tony was a man of character, who is worthy of being trusted. 8. Tony was delighted because the banker w rote a mortgage for 2, 000 and gave Tony the house with no down payment. 9. Yes, he did. He moved his family to his farm, and he sponsored his childhood friend to move to America.

168 His dream was to make a good living through his own efforts. 11. He made it step by step all through his own efforts and with his strong deter mination. 12. Because they have similarities, that they had all reached their success by the same route and by the same values and principles: vision, determination, selfcontrol, optimism, self-respect and, above all, integrity. Vocabulary ) wreck. :,, 2) balance. : 3) approaching. :, 4) handle. :, 5) discard. : 6) have worked out. : 7) Above all. :,, 8) passed away. : 5 9) diet. :, 10) do with. :? 11) confidence. : 12) cleaned up. : 13) property. :, 14) weekly. :, ) amuse. : 2. 1 ) Effor ts to look for survivors wer e abandoned af ter it h ad been/ was determined that all people in the s unken s hip had died. 2) I was amazed tha t Bob left a well-paid job to travel around the world. 3) H er request for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business

169 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 165 is small and she could provide no guarantee. 4) The home network system on display was found to be very helpful in freeing people from trivial housework. 5) Not hing will wea ken our deter mina tion t o mode rnize our count ry in t he s hortest possible time. 3. 1) for sale, hunting for, be amazed by 2) become skilled, by creating, loans 3) calling on, to be helpful, passed away. Confusable Words 1. 1) pe rsonal 2) pe rsonnel 2. 1) so metime 2) some time 3 ) Sometimes 4) some time. Euphemism 1. d 2. e 3. h 4. c 5. g 6. a 7. b 8. f Structure 1. 1) Every day, the kids came home from school dusty and hungry. 2) The newly-appointed director walked to his office cheerful and confident. 3) Ben hurried home, anxious to watch the football league game on T V. 4) Jenny opened the door quietly, afraid of waking the baby up. 2. 1) Correction : it s going to snow pretty soon, 2) Correction : When winter comes, please give me the job of clearing snow a t the factory. 3) Correction: I d like to buy a house. 4) Correction: Mr. Crawford, I ve sold my house! 5) Correction: Mr. Crawford, I ve bought a farm. Comprehensive Exercises. Cloze 1. create 2. s ponsored 3. amazed 4. determination 5. away 6. capacity 7. loan 8. character 9. hunting 10. send for ( A) (B) 1. with. : with an unskilled job

170 until. : 3. in. :, in recent years 4. or. : or,, 5. children kids. :,, 6. up. :grow up, grow up to be doctors, 7. dream. :, topic dream 8. more. :, today, 9. for. : for,, 10. open. :, open one s own business 11. house. : house, flat 12. don t. :,,, ( ) 13. and. :,, 14. you. :. Translation After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business. A t the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan. But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help. Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan

171 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 167 him the money. Now he has become a wealthy businessman. Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony puts great emphasis on the importance of crea ting, rather than waiting for opportunities. Text B Comprehension Check 1. a: 2, 2. c: 7,, 3. c: 11, 4. d: 14, 5. a: 16 17,,40, a 6. d:, ( 19 ), d, Translation T ext B Language Practice 1. appointed. : 7, 2. divorced. :, 3 3. hardship. : 4. have come up with. : B2BB2C C2C, 5. fulfill. : :, 6. opportunity. :

172 take advantage of. : 8. be threatening. : 9. was motivated. :,:, 10. assure. :, 11. afterward. :,, 12. sacrifice. :, 13. surroundings. :, 14. soared. : obtain. :,, Part. Vocabulary 1. A:, : job, ; work, ; employment, ; occupation,,, 2. B:,, : nothing but, : We see nothing but water. anything but,, : My income is anything but large. all but,, : The work is all but done. everything but 3. C:, : comprehensible ; fantastic

173 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 169, ; comprehensive ; notorious 4. D: : comprehensive,; widespread,, : widespread news ; extensive, 5. B: : capital ;fund funds ; principal,, ; investment 6. B: : at will,,, ; at random, ; in a hurry,with a hurry ; at time, a t one time,, at times 7. B:, : win, bea t defeat,, win ; defeat bea t 8. D: : did spent, spends, does 9. C:, : empty,;free, ; vacant( ),, ( ), ; reserved 10. A:, : fall through ;fall behind ; fall out ; fall back 11. C:, : most,,,, 12. C:, : discover (,) : A large quantity of coal was discovered there. invent ( ) ; create, (, ) :

174 170 1 H e created interesting characters in his novels. ; find, 13. B:, : alive, live living, alive,, ; living, ; live,,,, 14. D: : cargo, freight ; weight load burden ; load, ; burden, 15. C: : live [ laiv],,; lively,, ; alive,,, ; living,, 16. B: : advocate, ; promote, ; maintain, 17. A: : personal style ; private,, private conversation ; personnel, personnel department ; individual,, 18. D:, : an amount of the amount of, ; an amount of, the amount of, amounts of,, a number of the number of, a number of, ; the number of, 19. C:, : delay ; postpone put off, ; cancel 20. B:, : skilled,,, ; s killful,,

175 Unit 4 Ame rican Dream 171 Part. Cloze 1. B: unknown 2. C: cover 3. B:, 4. D: 5. D: 6. B: surround 7. A: 8. D: bring to, 9. B:, 10. C:,, to 11. D: 12. A: sound travels in this way which 13. C: 14. D:, 15. A:devote... to B: 17. A:ocean floor 18. D: 19. C: mean difference, 20. B:difference between life and death,

176 Unit 5 Romance Public libraries in the U. S. ( :,, ),,, Answers to Pre-reading Task 1. It s an open question,you may answer it according to your own experience. 2. It s about love. 3. It s an open question, different readers may have different ideas about it. ( e. g. you may answer like this :I think it s appropria te to begin this unit with a love song, because this unit is about valentine story, the song makes the story more vivid and moving. ),,

177 Unit 5 Romance 173,,, : ( 1 ) ( 2 15 ) ( ),, (, ), 1. straighten : vt. (1 ) ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) : She straightened the picture on the wall. The professor would straighten his tie before entering the classroom. (2), : straighten up your room vi. ;, : The bent strip can straighten up by itself. : straighten out ;, straighten ( oneself) up ;, ; [ ], : straight a., 2. grand : ad j. (1 ) ; : a grand view (2 ) : A grand meal was laid before them.

178 174 1 (3 ) ; : a grand old face that bespeaks suffering but not defeat. (4 ) :had a grand time (5 ), : the grand total : grandness n.,, ; grandly ad.,, :grand, magnificent, imposing, stately, majestic grand,,, : the Grand Canal ; a grand orchestra ; big, large,huge, colossal We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the mountain., magnificent grand, imposing,, : It is indeed the most magnificent drawing-room I have ever seen. majestic imposing stately, : That old building is not so majestic as it used to be in comparison with other tall modern structures., stately,, : It is a very stately palace. 3. absorb : v t. (1 ) ;; : to absorb in study The w riter was absorbed in his w riting that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar., (2 ) ( ) ; : This job absorbs all of my time.

179 Unit 5 Romance 175 To follow and absorb a newspaper article is a little bit hard as it requires a high level of mental involvement., (3 ) ; : We will not absorb these charges. :be absorbed by, be absorbed in,, absorb sb. s at tention : She was so in her job that she didn t hear anybody knocking at the door. A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated B: attract,, in ; absorb,, be absorbed in ; draw, in ; concentrate, be concentrated on : absorbability n. absorbable a. absorbing a., : absorb, assimilate absorb, : Large nations shouldn t absorb smaller ones. assimilate absorb, : We should critically assimilate whatever is beneficial in literature and arts from other countries. 4. reflect : vt. (1 ) ( that, how ) ; :Does this let ter reflect how you really think?? Rising price may reflect the rise in demand for these goods.

180 176 1 (2) : A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it., (3) ( on, upon ) : H e reflected before answering my question. vi. ;, ; ; ( on, upon) : The child s bad behavior reflects on his poor home training. :reflect on, : As you have seen, the value of the nation s currency its e- conomy. A. react B. reflect C. response D. reveal B:, react,; reflect, ; res ponse, ; reveal,, : reflectible a., 5. insight : n., : have an insight :gain an insight into, have an insight into, : H e is such a man of. A. perception B. intuition C. insight D. institution C: perception, ; intuition ; insight ; institution, : insightful a., 6. previous : a. ( 1) ( to ) ; : a day previous to Christmas H e has had no previous experience of this kind of job. (2 ) ; : You have been a little too previous.

181 Unit 5 Romance 177 ad.,, ( to) : I had collected material previous to writing. :previous to ( = before) : On the day, we had traveled by car to Paris. A. previous B. former C. before D. precede A:, previous, ; former, ; before, ;precede,, : previously ad., : previous, prior, preceding, foregoing, former previous : He cannot go for he has a previous engagement., prior, : a prior commitment preceding : the preceding night foregoing : the foregoing examples former : the former president 7. locate : v t. (1 ) : I cannot locate the shop. We located th e shops and t he post office as soon as we moved in to t he town., (2 ) ; ( ) : The new building will be located in the center of town. The new hospital is to be located near your college. v i. [ ] : He went to New York and located there. : Their new house by the river. A. lies in B. location C. is located D. is lied C: lie,,

182 178 1, in by; location, : location n. ; 8. correspond : v i. ( 1) ( with ) ; ( with, to ) ; : These goods don t corres pond with my order. (2 ) ( with ) : to corres pond with a friend We correspond regularly. (3 ) ; ( to, with) : Her job corresponds with her interests. H is actions do not correspond with his words. : correspond to( = correspond with), ;, : I with him all that time. A. corrupt B. corrected C. confused D. correspond D: corrupt, ; correct, ; confuse, ; correspond, with : corresponding a., 9. fertile : a. ( 1) ;: A large area of desert was reformed to turn to fertile soil in the northwest region. H uman civiliza tions fir st bloomed in fertile lands along big rivers. China is a case in point., ( 2) :Some fish are very fertile; they lay thousands of eggs., (3 ) ; : a fertile imagination : fertilizer n. ; fertility n. ( ) :fertile, fruitful, prolific fertile,,,, : fertile soil

183 Unit 5 Romance 179 fruitful,,fertile,, : A successful plan is always fruitful. prolific : a prolific writer 10. romance : n. (1 ) ; : the romance of life in the Wild West (2 ) ;; ; : a romance between a king and a poor girl : romantic a.,,, 11. haunt : v t. (1 ) : I was haunted by his last words to me. (2 ) ( ) : The old castle is said to be haunted. n. : This pub used to be one of my uncle s favorite haunts. 12. disgust : v t. ;: We re all disgusted at the way her husband has treated her., v i. ; : Too rich food soon disgusts. n. ; ; : The smell filled me with disgust. What a disgusting smell!! :be disgusted at/ by/ with,,, to one s disgust ; : We re all at the way her husband has treated her. A. disgraced B. disgusted C. disguised D. distressed B:, disgrace,

184 180 1 ; disgust, ; disguise, ; distress, : disgustedly ad. disgustful a., disgusting a. disgustingly ad. : ( ) offend, repel, revolt 13. schedule : n. (1 ),, : a schedule of postal charges (2 ),, ; : a sailing schedule a train schedule (3 ), ( ) : a production schedule ( ) What s your schedule for tomorrow?? v t., ( : be scheduled to do sth. be scheduled for sth. ) : The meeting is scheduled on F riday. The plane is scheduled to take off a t 4. 4 : ahead of schedule behind schedule ; on schedule, : schedular a. (, ), ; scheduler n. [ ], 14. sustain : v t. (1 ), ( ) ;: They can t s ustain the blistering heat. (2 ) ; : sustaining food (3 ) ; : He was sustained by an unshakable belief in his own ability to overcome the difficulties., : The accident us for two hours the other day. A. retarded B. detained C. maintained D. sustained

185 Unit 5 Romance 181 B: retard, ( ) ;detain, ; maintain ; sustain, : sustainable a.,, ; sustainment n. ; ; : support, uphold, sustain, maintain, back support, ( ) : We should support each other. uphold : His words upheld me grea tly. sustain : His hope for future sustained him. maintain : The government maintains the law. back ( ) :I ll back you up in your demands. 15. slim : ad j. (1 ) ; : H e is not slim enough to wear these tight trousers., The slim- waisted girl over there is a rising film star. (2 ),( ) : slim chances of success The chance of the Chinese Men s Football Team winning the World Cup is slim. v., : He will have to slim if he wants to wear the trousers., : slimly ad.,; slimmish a. ; ; : thin, lean thin, : Her illness left her very thin.

186 182 1 lean,, : He is lean and brown. 16. delica te : a. (1 ) ; ; : a delicate glass Delica te plants must be protected from cold wind and frost. (2 ) : a delicate subject (3 ) ; ; : a delicate looking child a delicate child who is often ill (4 ) ; : delicate colors Only the gentlest creams are fit for a baby s delicate skin. : The international situation is very a t present. A. delicate B. perfect C. slim D. slight A: delica te, ; perfect,; slim,; slight, : delicately ad., :delicate, dainty, exquisite delicate, : a delicate work dainty,, : a dainty dress exquisite, : e xquisite craf tsmanship 17. provocative : a. ;;: a provocative speech : provoke v t. ( to ) ; 18. curve : n. (1 ), ; : curve of beauty

187 Unit 5 Romance 183 (2 ) ( ) : a curve in the road v t./ v i. ; ; : The road curved to the right. The river curved round the hill. : The driver of a car s hould not take at high speed. A. drifts B. pitches C. curves D. harnesses C: drift ; pitch, ; curve, () ; harness, : curvesome a., 19. thrust : v t./ vi. ( 1) ; ; : We thrust our way through the mass of people. (2 ) : thrust a t sb. with a knife H amlet thought he had thrust the sword into his uncle s heart, but instead he killed his girlfriend s father., (3 ), : thrust sth. upon sb. (4 ), : rail roads thrusting into hilly regions n. (1 ),, ; : a rocket with a powerful thrust (2 ) ; : the thrust and parry of A and B A B : thrust aside ; ; thrust oneself in ( ) thrust out ; thrust sth. on/ upon sb. thrust upon :push, shove, thrust, propel push, : push a baby carriage

188 184 1 shove ( ) : shove a box into the corner thrust : He thrust a dagg er int o her heart. propel : a boat propelled by oars 20. split : vt. ( 1 ) ; ; ; ; : split up a hill to let the water through The old man used an axe to split the logs into firewood. ( 2) ; : split ( up) a compound into its elements ( 3), : split a job among four persons 4 The U. S. Depart ment of Justice tries to split Microsoft into three separate companies. 3 vi. ( 1 ) ; ; ; ( ) ; : split with a friend over differences in opinion ( ) ( 2), : My head is s plitting. n. (1), : a split in my trousers ( 2) ; a.,,, : in a split second, 1 : split on/ upon [ ], ( ) split open,, split up (into) ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ;,, split with sb. [ ] : My trousers were so tight, and they when I sat down. A. spun B spit C. split D. splas hed C:, s pin, ; spit, ; s plit, ; splash,

189 Unit 5 Romance 185 : split tism n. ; split tist n. :break,burst, crack, crush, fracture, smash break :If you break that vase you ll have to pay for it., burst, : He watched the bombs bursting in air. crack : The nut shell is very strong, I can t crack it., crush : Eggs crush easily. fracture, ( ) : He fell from a tree and his leg fractured in three places., smash : They smashed the enemy s defenses. 21. keen : a. (1 ) ( on ) ; ; : She s keen on sailing. My roommates are very keen on bridge cards among other things.,, (2 ) ; : He has a keen brain. (3 ) ; : Competition is very keen. (4) ;: She is out of hos pital, and keen to get back to work., (5 ) ; : A keen north wind was blowing. v i., : keen at wakes or funerals : Mary is playing table tennis. A. keen on B. keen in C. fond on D. fond to A : be keen on ;, in ; be fond of,, on to

190 square : v., : to square one s elbows n. (1 ) ; : There was a square with trees and grass in it in the center of the city. (2 ) : Four is the square of two. 4 2 : square one ; ; 23. salute : v t./ vi. ( 1) ( to ), : He saluted his friend by a wave of the hand. (2 ) ; : The lark salutes the dawn. n. ( ) : The soldier saluted his officer. : take the salute : salutatory n., 24. choke : vi./ vt. (1 ) ; ; : The madman choked his own child to death. (2 ) ; ; : The pipe was choked by cot ton. n. ( 1 ) ; ; : A coin went down his throat and he started to choke., (2 ) ; : choke up ; choke back, () : The smoke from the stove almost me. A. chopped B. choked C. chocked D. check B : chop, ; choke ; ; chock, ; check, : ( ) suffocate, smother 25. sensible : a. ( 1) ; : You ve made a sensible decision by not wear-

191 Unit 5 Romance 187 ing high-heeled shoes while driving., It s wrong to think that one s culture is more sensible than that of other societies. (2 ) ; : H e is sensible of the danger of his position. (3 ) () : a sensible reduction in price : It s of you to get rid of the bad friends. A. sense B. sensible C. sensitive D. sensed B: sense,, ; sensible, ; sensitive,; sensed, : sensibleness n., ; sensibly ad., : aware, conscious, sensible aware : Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations. conscious : He is conscious of a sense of quilt. sensible ( ) :I was sensible of her solemn grief. 26. glow : n. ; : Her face was gentle in the soft glow of a bedside lamp., A red glow in the western sky foretells rain on the following day. v i. ( 1) ;: The metal glowed in the furnace. (2 ) ; : a garden full of glowing flowers (3 ) ( with ) ; ; : His face glowed with delight.

192 188 1 : glowing a.,, 27. hesita te : v i. ; : He hesita ted before he answered because he didn t know what to say., Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.,, v t. : I choose rather to hesitate my opinion than to assert it roundly. : hesitating a. ; 28. grip : v t./ vi. ( 1), : The child gripped its mother s arm. A nchors powerfully grip the seabed against the drift of the ship.,, (2 ) ; ; : The pictures gripped my imagination. n. (1 ), (2 ) ; ; : He kept a firm grip on his children. (3 ) ; : have a sound grip of a problem (4 ) : a hair grip :get/ take a grip on,, have a grip on, ( ) ;, lose one s grip ; ; : The story teller his audiences. A. gripped B. mastered C. grasped D. caught A: grip, ; master, ;grasp,, ; catch,, : gripping a. ; 29. identify

193 Unit 5 Romance 189 : vt. (1 ) ; ; : The markings are so blurred that it is difficult to identify., The visiting scholar spoke English with such a perfect accent that it was hard to identify his origin., ( 2) ( with ) : He identifies beauty with goodness. ( 3) ( with ) : That politician is too closely identified with the former government to become a minister in our s., ( 4) ( with ) ; : She identified with foreign workers. vi. (1 ) ; ( with) : The play was so gripping that the audience quickly identified with the actors., ( 2) ( with) : Reading this book, we can identify with the main character s struggle., : identify oneself with ; ;; : The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been. A. guaranteed B. notified C. conveyed D. identified D:, guarantee, ; notify ; convey, ; identify, : identifiable a. ; identification n.,,, 30. broaden : v t./ vi. ( ), ( ) : H is face broadened out into a grin. For college students to do a part-time job will broaden their outlook. : broad a.,,

194 response : n. (1 ) ; :I ve had no response to my letter. (2 ) : no response to our call for help : in res ponse to, make no response : A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is conditions or events. A. in response to C. in contrast to B. in favor of D. in excess of A:,, in response to, ; in favor of, ; in contrast to ; in excess of, : responseless a. ;respond v., 32. at tractive : a., : an attractive woman : The dress in the window her eye when s he passed it. A. attracted B. got C. caught D. met C:, attract ; get ; catch ; catch s b s eye ; meet, : attractively ad.,; at tractiveness n., :beautiful, handsome, lovely, pret ty, good-looking beautiful,,,,, : The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery. handsome, ;,, ;, ;, : He is a handsome lad.

195 Unit 5 Romance 191 lovely,, : What a lovely smile s he has!! pret ty beautiful,,,,, ;, ;, : She looks very pretty in that new skirt. good-looking : a good-looking man 33. clue : n. ; : The police found a clue which will help them catch the robber. v., : clue sb. to what happened :give a clue to sth. not have a clue, : ( ) hint 1. make one s way :, : Early in the morning the hunter made his way into the woods. : The old man slowly rose from his seat and the bus. to the front of A. made for B. made out C. make his way D. made up C: make for ; make out, ; make one s way ; ; make up for :follow one s way ( = get one s way) ; force one s way ( ), ( ) 2. take a chance ( on sth. ) :, : I haven t booked a ticket. I m taking a chance on the theater not being full.,

196 192 1 : You on the weather if you spend your holiday in the UK. A. take a breath B. take a chance C. take a cold D. take a bow B: take a breath ; take a chance, ; take a cold, ; take a bow, : stand one s chance, take chances,, 3. go s b. s way : :I was n t sure whether he was going my way or not, so I decided to go home by myself., : I m. May I give you a ride? A. going your way C. going my own way B. going my ways D. going a good way A:,? go sb. s way ; go one s ways ; go one s own way, ; go a good way ( ), () 4. more than a little :, : If you tell your fa ther wha t you have done, he ll be more than a lit tle angry., : The child was excited to have Michael Jordan sign his T- shirt. A. more than a lit tle C. little or nothing B. after a little D. in little A : T, more than a lit tle, ; after a little ; lit tle or nothing ; in lit tle : more than enough,, no more than, neither more or less than,

197 Unit 5 Romance be grateful to ( s b. ) for ( sth. ) : ( ) ( ) :I m most grateful to you for introducing me a- round so tha t I no longer feel lonely in the new place., 6. in response to : : The decision to assign students some homework was taken quickly in response to recent criticisms of educational reform. 1. s uppose :,, : Suppose I don t have a day off, what shall we do?,? : ( 1 ) providing, provided ( that ), supposing, suppose ( that ), as long as, so long as,on condition that in case,,,,,, : So ( As ) long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed., ( 2) in case of,,,, in the case of 2. even though :,, : Even though you don t like wine, just try a glass of this., : (1 ) though, although, even if, if even though even if even though,, though although though although, although : I had a very good time although( though, even if, even though ) I didn t know anybody at the party., (2 ),, though although but,

198 194 1, yet still: Although she has a lot of money, yet she is unhappy., (3 ),though,although : Though everyone deserted you, I will not., (4 ) if,, : We will go out if it should rain. ( ) We will not go out if it should rain., ( ) 1. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn t, the girl with the rose. (Para. 2) :,, : but whose, the girl with the rose 2.Her golden hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears.(para. 7 ) : 3. She was more than a little overweight, her thick-ankled feet thrust into lowheeled shoes. (Para. 10 ) :, : (1 ) her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes, her thick-ankled feet thrust into (2 ) overweight a.,: This parcel is overweight by two kilos I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. (Para. 11 ) :,,

199 Unit 5 Romance 195 : (1) as though, so keen was my desire to follow her, so keen, my desire was so keen to follow her (2) so deep was my longing for the woman w hose...,, my longing for the woman was so deep... (3) whose woman (4) long for,, : People are longing for peace. (5) companion,, 5. Tell me whom you love,...and I will tell you who you are. (Para. 17 ) :, : whom who,,?,,,, 12,,,,,,,,,,,

200 196 1, :,,,, (, ),,,,,, 7,,,, 7,,,, :, ;,,,,,,,?,,, 40,,,,,,,,,,

201 Unit 5 Romance 197,,,,?,,,,,,,!,,, 1. identity : n. (1 ) ; : reach an identity of views :prove/ ( 2) ; ; : The police are still uncertain of the murderer s identity. H e had lost his identity card and was being questioned by the police., recognize sb s identity sink one s identity 2. forbid : v.,, : His parents forbid him wine. Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. : God forbid ( that)

202 198 1 : forbiddance n., :forbid, ban, prohibit forbid, : T he doctor forbids him t o smoke. ban,,, :Ban atomic and nuclear weapons!! prohibit : The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 3. exchange : n. (1 ), : He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake., Let s have an exchange of views on the mat ter. (2 ) ; : foreign exchange, (3 ) : the Stock Exchange ; Stock Exchange n. ; ( : stock market) v t. ( for, with ), : John exchanged gifts with Mary. The deputy manager exchanged the company s in terest for his pe rsonal honor. : in exchange for make an exchange exchange sth. with sb. ( ) exchange words, 4. relief : n. (1 ) : I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination., (2 ) ; : a relief driver (3) ; : send relief to flood victims a. ;: a relief fund : to one s relief ( = to one s great relief),

203 Unit 5 Romance 199 for the relief of : relieve v t.,,,, :help, aid, assist, succor help,aid, assist,,, : Please help me arrange these paper s. aid,, : They aided flood victims. assist,, : She assisted him in his experiments. succor, : succor a besieged city 5. erect : a.,,: stand erect v t.,,, : erect a tent ; This monument was erected in honor of the martyrs during the internal war. : ( ) upright a. ; 1. come across : ; ( = come upon) : We ve just come across an old friend we haven t seen for ages. : Your lecture well ; everyone likes it. A. come across B. come along C. come about D. come away A:, come across, ;,; come along, ; come about ; come away,, 2. make out : (1 ) ; : He s not such a good doctor as some people make out. (2 ), ( ) : He immediately sat down and made out a

204 200 1 check. (3 ) ( ) : How did you make out with your classmates?? 3. hope for :, We haven t heard from him for weeks but we re still hoping for a let ter., 4. other than : (1 ), : There s nobody here other than me. (2 ) ; : You can t get there other than by swimming. : Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people harm them. A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. better than C: more than ; other than ; rather than ; bet ter than 5. match up to :,,: He failed to match up to what he s expected. : match up, match to 6. for sure :,,, :Be there by six o clock for s ure. I think he lives there but I couldn t say for sure., : make sure ; 7. come to an end :, : The snow storm finally came to an end. 1. Inside was a letter that looked as if it had been carried around for years, dated

205 Unit 5 Romance (Para. 1) :, 1924 : (1 ) inside was a letter, ; (2 ) tha t looked as if..., a let ter ; (3 ) dated 1924, a let ter; (4 ) as if it had been carried around for years as if 2. But there was no way,other than the name Michael, that the owner could be i- dentified.( Para. 3) :, : (1 ) there was no way... that... there be, that way ; (2) other than the name Michael,, : There s nobody here other than me. 3. They had some sixty years worth to catch up on.( Para. 34 ) :60 : catch up on, 60,?,( 1), 1924,,

206 202 1,,,, (2),,, :,!, ( 3 ),, 3,,,,,,, : 16,,,,,,,,,, :,, :??,,, : ( 4)!?, 8,, :,

207 Unit 5 Romance 203?,,,?,????,,!,?,,,,,,,,?,,,??!?!?,, :,, 60, 3,!,, ;,,,,, 79 81,

208 204 1 ( 2) : : 1. ; ; 2.,,, Part. Vocabulary 1. The dress in the window her eye when s he passed it. A. at tracted B. got C. caught D. met 2. The accident us for two hours the other day. A. retarded B. detained C. maintained D. sustained 3. Good morning and Dear Sir are. A. grateful B. geography C. gestures D. greetings 4. I haven t got the clear to me? idea of w hat you mean. Would you please make it A. slightest B. furthest C. smallest D. faintest 5. We ve salt. Ask M rs. Jones to lend us some. A. run away with B. run over C. run off D. run out of 6. H e was always ill for a time, but he managed to. A. pull on B. pull in C. pull up D. pull through

209 Unit 5 Romance H e interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions. A. continually B. continuously C. consistently D. consequently 8. The actors have to before they appear in front of the strong lights on television. A. cover up B. make up C. paint up D. do up 9. When the whole area was by flood, the government sent food there by helicopter. A. cut away B. cut down C. cut up D. cut off 10. To develop light industry in a big way to improving the people s livelihood. A. owes B. at tributes C. distributes D. contributes 11. As they haven t a ch ild of their own, they ar e going t o girl. A. accept B. receive C. adapt D. adopt 12. In a speech of persuasion, it is important to your points well. A. put out B. put across C. put forward D. put over 13. Where shall we put our suitcases? Let s A. deposit B. hang C. place D. put a little them on the shelf. 14. A man who could s uch trea tment must be a man of remarkable physical courage and moral strength. A. come up to B. insist on C. stand up to D. persist in 15. These seats are for old and sick people. A. conserved B. deserved C. preserved D. reserved 16. You can t just don t need to be. and let those tr ees be chopped down wh en th ey A. stand in B. stand by C. stand up D. stand out 17. The plan was when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost. A. released B. deserted C. resigned D. abandoned 18. A ceremony was held the dead statesman. A. in behalf of C. in honor of B. with respect of D. by virtue of

210 When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at. A. wrong B. fault C. trouble D. difficulty 20. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to. A. the other B. any other C. another D. other Part. Cloze Even a careful mo torist may have the misfort un e to commit a mo toring 1. In due course, 2 a summons( ), he will appear in a police-court. In the court, the motorist hears his name called by the clerk of the court, and comes forward to 3 himself. The magistrate( ) then call for the policeman who 4 the offender and ask s him to give evidence. The officer takes the oath to tell the truth, the whole truth, and 5 the truth. H e also is expected to give an account 6 what happened when the offence was commit ted and to mention any special circumstances. For instance, the offence 7 partly due to the foolishness of another motorist. It would be unwise for the accused motorist to exaggerate this. It will not help his case to try to blame 8 for his own mistake. The magistrate, 9 hearing that some other motorist is involved, will doubtless say: what is being done about this man?case coming up later this afternoon, may 10 be the answer. 11 You are guilty, it is of course wise to plead and apologize for committing the offence and 12 the court s time. Magistra tes are not heartless and a motorist may be lucky enough to hear one say: There are mitigating circumstances, 13 you have broken the law and I am obliged to 14 a fine. Pay five pounds. Next case. 15 Many offences, if you wish to plead guilty you may do so by post and avoid 16 the court at all. Some shor t-tem pered people forget tha t bo th policemen and magist ra tes have a public duty to 17 and are rude to them. This does not pay and rightly so! A magistrate will not let off an offender 18 because he is 19, but the courteous ( ) lawbreaker may certainly hope that the magistrate will extend to him 20 tolerance the law permits. 1. A. offence B. crime C. mistake D. accident

211 Unit 5 Romance A. received B. having received C. to have received D. receiving 3. A. identify B. report C. prove D. defend 4. A. arrested B. punis hed C. scolded D. charged 5. A. anything but B. all but C. everything but D. nothing but 6. A. about B. for C. of D. in 7. A. should have been B. must have been C. may have been D. could have been 8. A. someone else B. something else C. other someone D. another someone 9. A. on B. as C. to D. in 10. A. as well B. well C. as well as D. just 11. A. If B. U nless C. Although D. While 12. A. taking on B. taking in C. taking over D. taking up 13. A. since B. as C. but D. if 14. A. pay B. impose C. charge D. sentence 15. A. For B. As C. Like D. To 16. A. a ttending B. to at tend C. attend D. having attended 17. A. act B. perform C. carry D. implement 18. A. slightly B. particularly C. exactly D. merely 19. A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respected 20. A. which B. wha t C. how D. why Text A Comprehension Content Questions 1. H e was looking for the girl he loved, but he had never seen. 2. By the notes penciled in the margin of a book. 3. Tha t he was shipped over seas for service in World War II.

212 months. 5. Because she thought tha t her looks did not mat ter if the man really loved her. 6. By the red rose she would be wearing on her lapel. 7. Because the girl was rather beautiful and charming. 8. She looked like a woman at her 40. She had graying hair and she was more than a little overweight. H e felt it was rather disappointing. 9. Because he thought it would not be love, but it was something precious, a friendship for which he had been and must ever be grateful. 10. He had planned to take her to dinner. 11. Because Miss Maynell wanted to test John Blanchard on his love to her. 12. The true nature of Blanchard s heart s response to the unat tractive. Vocabulary ) fertile. : 2) reflected. : 3) straightens. :, 4) identify. : 5) over seas. :, 6) scheduled, scheduled. : 7) slim. :,, 8) s plit. :, 9) s ustained. :, 10) glow. : 11) grateful. :,, 12) delica te. : 13) more tan a little. : 14) thrust. : 15) keen. :

213 Unit 5 Romance ) The extent of the human body s response to a drug depends on the amount taken. : 2) Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother. : 3) A radio transmit ter is best loca ted at an isolated place far from cities. : 4) I was so absorbed in the game on T V that I didn t hear Martin come in. : 5) The rough s urface of the basketball helps player s grip the ball. : 3. 1) to broaden; make their way : 19 80,, 2) grateful to ; in response to : Joy Warren 5, 3 3) disgusts; take a chance on :,?,,,. Usage 1. 1) frightened. :, 2)afraid / frightened. :,, 2. 1)alike / similar. :, 2) similar. : 3. 1)alive. : 2)living. : 4. 1) sleeping. : 2)asleep. :,. Word Family 1. 1) disappointed. :,

214 ) disappointment. :, 3) disappointing. : 4) disappoint. :, 5) disappointingly. :, 6) disappointing. :, 2. 1)a ttractive. :, 2) attract. : 3) attraction. :, 4) at tractively. :, 5) unat tractively. :, 6) unattractive. :, Dorothy Structure 1. 1) Europa is one of Jupiter s four bright satellites, all named after characters in Greek mythology. 2) The woman stood over there, her graying hair pinned up under a worn ha t. 3) T he tourist bus rolled sou th, t he fields it passed green wit h newly planted rice. 4) The principal stormed into the noisy classroom, his face black with anger. 2. 1) Please sit down for a moment, and I ll tell the manager you re here. 2) Drop a stone into a smooth lake, and the surface will be covered with circular waves moving outward from the center. 3) Bring the flowers into a warm room, and they ll soon open. 4) Arrive la te once more, and you re fired. Comprehensive Exercises. Cloze ( A) 1) iden tifying 2) gripped 3) margins 4) scheduled 5) corr esponding 6) overseas 7) more than a little 8) hesita ted 9) gra teful

215 Unit 5 Romance ) made m y way 11 ) response 12 )going my way (B) 1. before. :,,, had decided, 2. thought. :, thought of,, 3. believed / thought. : 4. ring. : ring up, 5. Nor / Neither. :,, nor neither 6. She. :,, she 7. did. :, bring, did 8. let ter. :,, 9. that / it. : 10. the. :,, the 11. Jenny / s he. : where the address,, 12. could. : be,, could 13. and. :,, and 14. with. : be angry with sb., 15. had. :have,, had 16. table. :, across the table 17. but. :,. Translation Not rich himself, U ncle Li never hesitates to help others. Previous to/ Before his retirement, through P roject Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study. F rom then

216 212 1 on he sent them money regularly. Later the two made their way to college, and even got a chance to study overseas. They often thought of Uncle Li and kept corresponding with him. Whenever he read their let ters, Uncle Li s face would broaden into a smile. H e felt this to be the most sensible investment in his life. Text B Comprehension Check 1. b: 2 1 It was signed Hannah and writ ten to someone called Michael, 2. c: 6 3 The moment she saw she recognize it. 3. d: 8 Downstairs the guard at the front door looked at me and asked...,,, 4. b: 19 The smile on his face disappeared c: 1924,, 16,,, 79,63, 1987,, d:,, d Translation T ext B Language Practice 1. identity. :, 2. are forbidden. :, 3. came across. : 4. make out. :,

217 Unit 5 Romance goodness. :,, 6. relief. :, 7. hope for. :,, 8. other than. : 9. erect. : 10. clue( s) : for sure. :, 12. is coming to an end. : 13. knots. : 14. exchange. :, 15. match up to. : :, Part. Vocabulary 1. C:, : at tract ;get ; catch, ca tch sb. s eye ; meet, 2. B: : retard, () ; detain, ; maintain ; sustain, 3. D: : grateful ; geography ; gesture ;greeting 4. D:,? : slightest ; furthest ; smallest ; faintest ; 5. D:, : run away with ; ; run over, ; run ( sth. ) off ; ; run out of sth. ( ) 6. D:, : pull on, ; pull in( ) ;pull up ; pull through

218 A: : continually,, ( ), again and again ; continuously, ; consistently,; consequently, 8. B: : cover up, ; make up ; ( ) ; paint up ; do up, ; 9. D:, : cut away, ; cut down ;, ; cut up ;, ; cut off, 10. D: : owe sth. to sth. ; at tribute to, ; distribute to, ; contribute to, 11. D:, : accept ;receive ; adapt, ; adopt, 12. B:, : put out, ; put across ; put forward ; put over 13. D:? : deposit, ;hang ; place ; ; ; put 14. C: : come up to ; insist on ; stand up to,, ; persist in 15. D: : conserve ( ), ( ) ; deserve ; preserve ( ), ; reserve,, ( ) 16. B: : stand in,, ; stand by ; stand up, ; stand out, 17. D:, : release ( ) ; desert,, ; resign ( ), ; abandon,give up 18. C: : in behalf

219 Unit 5 Romance 215 of ; with respect of, in respect of with respect to ; in honor of ; by virtue of, 19. B:, : at fault ; in the w rong ; in trouble ; in difficulty 20. A:, : neither, the other Part. Cloze 1. A:, commit commit an offence, ; commit a crime, commit a mistake, A 2. B:,after doing, 3. A: identify oneself ;, A 4. D: charge, accuse, arrest 5. D: anything but, nothing but,,, D 6. C:give an account of sth, 7. C: should have been ; could have been, ; must have been, may have been, C 8. A: someone else, something else 9. A: on + V-ing 10. B: may + well 11. A:, if, :, 12. D: take on ; ; take in, ; take over ; take up ; 13. C: but, since, as, if but, and, since, as, if

220 216 1 and 14. B: impose a fine,,, 15. A:for many offences 16. A: avoid D 17. B:perform a public duty 18. D: merely only just, merely because slightly, ; particularly, ; exactly 19. A: courteous, respectful ( ) ; respectable ;respective, 20. B: what, what tolerance the law permits

221 U nit 6 Animal Intelligence 1.Gorilla, m kg, kg, m,,,,,,,,, 5 15, 40,,,, 9, 1, 50,,, 2. Chimpanzee,,, 1.25 m, m ; kg, kg ;, m, ;, ;,, 20 cm ;,,,, ;,,,, ;

222 218 1 ;,, 28 cm, 32 cm ;, 32,,,,,,, 8 9, 1, 25 40,,,,, 8 12 m,,,, Answers to Pre-reading Task 1. Michael Jackson is an American pop song singer. 2. They are friends, because they find comfort in the company of each other. 3. There is a relationship between man and animal. Man and animals could be friends, as the song says,people do think Ben is their friend. 4. Yes. If Ben is a friend,he think s and feels like a human being.,, introduction,body, conclusion :

223 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 219 introduction( 1 2 ) :, body( 3 12 ) :, conclusion( ) :,,, : ;, introduction, body ;conclusion Let s Make a DealConsider the time... Tale of a Whale Why would an animal want to cooperate with a human?,, 1. extend : v. (1) ( ), : The meeting will extend two more hours. 2 The wet weather extended into September. 9 (2), : There are already 40 students in the class, we have to ex-

224 220 1 tend the classroom. 40, : to a certain extent,, to a great extent, to some extent, ( ) to such an extent that ( ) to the extent of : Our ranch from the foot of that hill to that river in distance. A. intends B. extends C. expands D. expends B: intend, ; expand,; expend : extension n., ; extensive a., ; extensively ad. : ( ) shorten : extend, lengthen, extend, : the extended meaning of a word lengthen,, : lengthen a runway 2. intelligent : a. (1) : Gorilla is a kind of intelligent animal. an intelligent being (2 ) ;: a film with witty and intelligent dialogue an intelligent reader (3 ) [ ] : an intelligent terminal intelligent peripherals : intelligent, bright, brilliant, knowing, quick-wit ted, smart, intellectual intelligent : The most intelligent students do additional reading to sup-

225 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 221 plement the material in the textbook. bright : Some children are brighter in one subject than in another. brilliant : The dullard s envy of brilliant men is always assuaged by the suspicion that they will come to a bad end. knowing : Knowing furniture collectors bought American antiques before the prices soared. quick-witted : We were successful not because we were quick-witted but because we per severed., smart : The smartest lawyers avoid the appearance of manipulating juries. intellectual, : The scholar s interest in the intellectual and analytical aspect of music didn t prevent her from enjoying concerts. 3. intelligence : n. ( 1) ; : Use your intelligence, and you re sure to achieve something., a boy who s hows little intelligence ( 2), : have secret intelligence of the enemy s plans ( 3), : CIA is Central Intelligence of America. CIA : Cells do not have of their own. A. intelligence B. intellect C. intention D. wisdom A:intelect, ; intention, ; wisdom

226 222 1 : mind, intellect, intelligence, brain, wit mind heart, soul spirit, : No passion so effectually robs the mind of all its power s of acting and reasoning as fear. intellect : Opinion is ultimately determined by the feelings, and not by the intellect. intelligence : The world of the future will be an ever more demanding struggle against the limitations of our intelligence. brain : Anyone with a brain knows that overwork leads to decreased efficiency. wit : There is no such whetstone, to sharpen a good wit and encourage a will to learning, as is praise., 4. controversy : n. ( 1), : The use of nuclear power is the s ubject of widespread controversy. be/ engage in a controversy with/ against sb. on/ about sth. (2 ),: writers skilled a t controversy : controvert vt., ; v i. ; controversial a., ; controvertible a.,, ; controver sialism n., ; controversialist n., : argument,dis pute, controversy argument : Emotions are seldom swayed by argument.

227 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 223 dis pute, : A dispute arose among union members about the terms of the new contract. controversy, : The appointment of the new director aroused a lot of controversy. 5. explore : v. (1 ), ; : explore every possibility We must explore all the possibilities for the solution of the problem. ( ) (2 ), : exploring outer s pace : Columbus discovered America but did not the new continent. A. expose B. explode C. explore D. exploit C:, expose ; explode ; exploit : explorer n. ; exploration n.,, ; explora tory a., 6. design : v. (1 ), ( ) : design a building design a computer program (2 ) ; : design a good excuse for not at tending the conference, n. ( 1) ( for ) ; ;:designs for a new house (2 ); ; : This machine is of bad design. (3) ; ; : They have designs on your money.

228 224 1 :be designed to do sth./ be designed for sb./ sth. ( ) : The new model will be to be both attractive and practical. A. assigned B. resigned C. designed D. plan C:, assign ; resign, : designer n. 7. obvious : a., :It is obvious that even if we can save much energy, we can only delay the energy crisis.,, : obviously ad. 8. encounter : n. (1 ), : a chance encounter in the park (2 ), : a tense naval encounter v. (1) ; : encountered an old friend on the street (2 ) : encounter numerous obstacles : counter n.,,,, 9. reveal : v. (1),, ( ) : reveal a confidence (2) ; : The curtain opened and revealed the beautiful stage., :reveal + n., reveal + that, it is revealed + that : Please don t the answer of the riddle before I as k you to. A. discover B. reveal C. revise D. rewrite B:discover ; revise ; rewrite : revealing a. :reveal, expose, disclose, betray

229 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 225 reveal : He was glad it was to him she had revealed her secret. expose : In a slip of the tongue the schemer exposed his true motivation. disclose : The journalist refused to disclose the source of her informa tion. betray A servant betrayed their presence to the Germans. : H er comment betrayed annoyance. 10. convince : v.,: He convinced me that I should study law. It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt. : convince s b. of sth. / that ; ; : H e is that war would come. A. convinced B. convincing C. converted D. conveyed A: ( ) convert ; convey, : convinced a., ; be convinced of, ; convincing a.,, ; convincingly ad., :persuade, induce,prevail, convince persuade : Nothing can persuade her to change her mind once it is made up. induce, : Nothing could induce her to be disloyal to him. prevail : He had prevailed upon the king to spare them.

230 226 1 convince : In science the credit goes to the man who convinces the world, not to the man to whom the idea fir st occurs.,, 11. dominant : a. (1 ), : the dominant partner in a business (2 ), : a dominant person in the team : H e tried to maintain the party s position in the country. A. romantic B. domestic C. successful D. dominant D : romantic ; domestic ; s uccessful : domina te v.,domina ting a.,, :dominant,predominant dominant, : The Soviet Union is the dominant nation of Eastern Europe. predominant, : Egrets, gulls and small mammals are the predominant wildlife on the island these days. 12. negotiate : v. (1 ) ( with ),, : The president does n t want to negotiate with the workers. It is difficult to negotiate where neither will trust. (2 ) ; : They negotiated a peace treaty. negotiate a contract (3 ) ; ; : A player negotia ting a hard piece of music. :negotiate for peace

231 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 227 negotiate with someone about something : Nobody knows whether they will with the government. A. talk B. neglect C. speak D. negotiate D : neglect ; speak : negotia tion n.,, ; negotiator n. ; negotiable a. 13. maintain : v. (1 ) ; : maintain good rela tions H e failed again and again sim ply because he h ad maintained his defeatist attitude., (2 ), : The car has always been properly maintained. (3 ) ; : H e has worked hard to maintain his family. : It is easy to start friendship but difficult to. A. remain B. maintain C. retain D. at tain B: remain ; maintain ; retain ; attain, : maintenance n.,,, 14. relieve : v. (1 ) : : relieve all his symptoms ; relieve the tension (2 ), : They try to relieve those poor people in the country. (3 ) ( of ) ; : Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel. :relieve oneself ; relieve sb. s mind relieve sb. of ( ) ; () : This medicine will help to you from your pain. A. disturb B. exhaust C. depress D. relieve

232 228 1 D: disturb, ; exhaust ; depress : relieved a. ;relief n. ( ), ( ), :relieve, lighten relieve : That misery which he strives in vain to relieve. The counselor relieved her fears. lighten : Congress endeavored to lighten the taxpayers burden. 15. undertake : v. (1 ); : undertake a task (2 ), : undertake oneself to care for an elderly relative : The lawyer the case without a fee. A. overtakes B. undertakes C. understates D. understands B: overtake, ; understate 16. expand : v. ( 1),,, ( ) : expand one s knowledge of foreign countries (2 ), ( on, upon ) : expand on a favorite topic : expand in/ into (, ) expand on, : She only when being praised and flat tered. A. extents B. explores C. expands D. exposes C: explore ; expose, ; extent : expansion n.,,, : ( )contract v.,, ; shrink v., ( ), : increase, expand, enlarge, multiply increase, : Absence diminishes mediocre

233 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 229 passions and increases great ones., The mayor s political influence rapidly increased. expand : H e does exercises to expand his chest. enlarge : The landowner enlarged her property by repeated purchases. Our group of friends is enlarging by leaps and bounds. multiply, : As for my cats, they multiplied., May thy days be multiplied!.! 17. envy : n. ( 1 ) : He has become an envy of all his friends, since he was assigned to a new promising post., (2 ), : We could see envy in her eyes. v. ; : I don t envy you your journey in this bad weather. : envy sb./ sth., envy sb. for..., envy at/ of : H e had never the rich their luxurious pleasure. A. acquired B. jealous C. envied D. admired C: acquire ; jealous ( of ) ; admire : enviable a., ; enviably a d., ; envious a.,; enviously ad. ; envied a., ; envier n., 18. cooperate : v. ( 1 ) ; ( with ) : The British cooperated with the French in building the new craft. (2 ) ; : ask the child to cooperate and go to bed

234 230 1 : cooperation n., ; cooperator n., ; cooperative a.,; corporation n. [ ],,,, [ ] 19. assess : v. (1 ) () : Damages were assessed at 1, 000 RMB. (2 ) () : assess tax on sb. s property : It is very difficult to the importance of the decision. A. emphasize B. assess C. assist D. interpret B: emphasize ; assist, ; interpret, : assessment n. ( ), ; assessor n. ( ), ( ), ; asset n., : estimate, assess, evaluate estimate, : It s difficult to estimate the possible results in advance. access : assessing the impact of higher taxes on lower-income households evaluate : evaluating a student s thesis for content and organization 20. thrive : v. (1 ) ; ; : He thrived on the adula tion of his henchmen. A business can not thrive without good management. (2 ) ; : Babies thrive on their mother s milk. : thrive on + n./ doing : ( ), : This plant will in warm climate. A. arrive B. prosper C. thrive D. derive

235 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 231 C: prosper, ; derive, 21. halt : n. ; : The car comes to a halt. v t.,: No one can hal t the advance of history. v i. ( 1) ; : The car halted by the house. The soldiers halted for a short rest. (2 ), ; : speak in a halting way 22. release : n. (1 ) : After their release, the prisoners came home. (2 ) : The new release of this movie company is a failure. v. (1 ) ( from ), : I released the horse and it ran away., (2 ),, ; ( ) : release sb. from his suffering (3 ) ( ) ; ( ), : a recently released film : Animal right activists a bear from the trap. A. relieve B. release C. relate D. retain B: relieve ; relate ; release ; retain, 23. slide : n. : have a slide on the oice v i. ( 1), ( ) : slide on the ice (2 )( into), : slide into bad habits (3) ;: slid on the ice and fell : let sth. slide, slide away

236 232 1 slide into ( ) ; ( ) slide over/ round/ around,,, : slide, slip,glide slide, : coal sliding down a chute ; the drops sliding from a lifted oar slip, : The jackals are slipping back to the hills., : H e slipped on a patch of ice and sprained his ankle., glide, : Four snakes are gliding up and down a hollow 24. evidence. : n. ( 1) ( for, of ) ; : Can you show me any evidence for your statement?? Scientists weigh the evidence for and against a hypothesis. (2), ; : evidence of grief on a mourner s face v t.,, : The police have evidence that the killer was an old woman., :bear evidence of/ show evidence of,, give evidence of call in evidence [ ] ( ) present evidence [ ] in evidence ; : evident a., 25. deceive : v. (1 ) ( ), : He has deliberately deceived us. (2 ), : We are deceived in her.

237 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 233 :deceive sb. into doing sth. : They have never expected that she would them. A. relieve B. perceive C. receive D. deceive D: perceive ;receive : deceivable a. ;deceiver n.,;deceit n., ; deceitful a. ; deceitfully ad. :deceive, betray, mislead deceive : There is a moment of difficul ty and danger at which flat tery and falsehood can no longer deceive., betray : When you betray somebody else, you also betray yourself., mislead : H er innocent expression misled me into trusting her. 26. original : n. (1 ), : kept the original but sent a photocopy to his publisher (2 ) : studying Greek to read H omer in the original a. (1 );: Who was the original owner of this house?? The original owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington. (2 ) ;;: an original invention an original idea (3 ); : The speaker seems to have no original ideas ; his speech was full of platitudes., (4 ),: This is the original painting, and these others are copies., : origin n.,,,, ; originality n., ; origi-

238 234 1 nally ad., ; origina te vt.,,, ; vi., ; origina tion n. origina tive a., ; originator n., :new, fresh, novel,original, new : a new movie ; new clothes fres h, : The police found fresh fingerprints on the light switch. novel : The idea was novel to me. original : The science of pure mathematics, in its modern development, may claim to be the most original creation of the human spirit., 27. gaze : n., : The general turned his gaze from one person to the other person at the summit meeting. v. ( at, into,on ), : The child gazed at the toys in the shop window. She gazed at the carpet for some time and then added, You don t need bookcases at all., : :gaze after sb. gaze at, gaze on/ upon, gaze round / around :gaze, stare, glare gaze, : After gazing at the display for several minutes, M r. T aylor went back into his shop.,

239 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 235 stare, : The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. glare : Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us. 28. underneath : p rep./ a d. (1) ; : She sat underneath the tree in the s hade. They looked down from the bridge at the wa ter underneath. (2), :underneath meanings, n., : the underneath of the box 29. survive : v t. (1 ) : She survived her husband by five years. 5 (2 ) : plants that can survive frosts v i., : Few survived after the flood., The man was very ill, but he survived., : survival n.,, ; survivor n., 1. make a deal with/ do a deal with : () ; : Japan has to make a deal with America on rice imports. : a great deal/ a good deal call it a deal [ ] ; close a deal ; make a big deal out of [ ],,

240 236 1 That s a deal. / 2. figure out It s a deal., : (1 ) : Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost?? (2 ),: I couldn t figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was. :figure on ; it figures/ that figures,, keep one s figure figure as figure down ;, 3. in sb. s interest :, : In the interest of safety, no fire is allowed here., :be interested in ( ), ; draw interest/ give back with interest/ ; bear interest ; give back to sb. with interest have an interest in ( ), have no interest for / have no interest to hold sb. s interest 4. at first : : The minister at first declined to make any comments on the dispute between the two nations, but later she agreed., At first it was very hot, but then it got cooler., :be the first to ( do) come in first come out first, ;

241 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 237 from first to last ; from the first, first and foremost/ first of all, first and last,,, First come, first served. [ ] 5. go wrong : (1 ),: If you read the instructions,you ll see w here you went wrong., (2 ): Their marriage started to go wrong when he got a job abroad., (3 ), : The television has gone w rong again. : come wrong, do sb. wrong / do wrong to sb. ;, do wrong ;, ; get in wrong with sb. [ ] ; 6. throw up : ( 1 ) ; : She threw up her campaign for mayor. (2 ) : Shoddy houses tha t were thrown up in a few months. ( 3) : She threw up his past to him whenever they argued. ( 4), : Threw the tape of vacation highlights up on the screen. : throw away, ; ; throw out ; throw over ; ( ) ; ( ) ( = throw overboard) throw together ;, 7. size up : ( ), : We sized each other up at the first meeting.,

242 238 1 : cut s b. down to size ; ; of a size ; That s about the size of it. ; 8. wipe out :, : wipe out a w hole army : wipe down wipe off ( ) wipe out ;, ( ), ; wipe up ( ), only to do... :only to find, see, to be told, : I arrived at the shop only to find I d left all my money a t home. :only to,, 2. w hy do...? / why not doing...? :why : why do...? ; why not doing...? 1. Wondering whether there might be better ways to explore animal intelligence than experiments designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think, they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes,not when scientists ask them to.(para. 1 ) : :,, : wondering, I realized designed

243 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 239 experiments. thinking 2. Most do not study animal intelligence, but they encounter it,and the lack of it, every day. ( Para. 2) :, : most, vets, animal researchers, zoo keepers encounter : it the lack of it,?,,?, :,,, : :,,,,,,,,,

244 240 1,,,,,?,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 420,,,,,

245 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 241,,,,?,,,?,,,,,,,, 1. cautious : a. (1 ); ; : He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle. ; T h e schoolboys are more cau tious no t to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before., (2 ), : felt a cautious optimism that the offer would be accepted :be cautious of, : cautiously ad.,, ; cautiousness n., ; caution n.,, : careful, cautious, wary careful,,, :Be careful not to fall. cautious,,

246 242 1 : He was cautious about his work. wary : He is wary of telling secrets to others. 2. display : n. (1 ) ( ),,, : O n New Year s Eve, the display of fireworks offers many a ttractions. (2) ; : All the parents were looking at the display of children s work. (3 ), : a display of temper v., : This is the first time the painting has been displayed to the public. : show,display, expose, exhibit show : The jeweler showed the necklace to the customer. dis play : The dealer spread the rug out to display the pattern. expose : The excavation exposed a staggering number of Bronze Age artifacts. : H is comment exposed his insensitivity. exhibit : The works of art, by being publicly exhibited and offered for sale, are becoming articles of trade., 3. purchase : n. (1 ) ; : The new couple spent some money for the purchase of the furniture necessary for their new house. (2 ) :It s a good purchase. (3 ) : The climber tried to gain a purchase with his foot on a narrow edge of rock. v. (1 ) : purchase a house

247 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 243 (2 ) ( with ) ( ) ; ( ), : purchase freedom with blood : leave sb. to his purchase live on one s purchase, ; not worth an hour s purchase ( ) 4. nevertheless : ad. ; ; ; : She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working., H e s stupid,but I like him nevertheless., conj. ( ),, : We are going nevertheless we shall return., :but,however, still, nevertheless, yet but, : Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time., however but,, : You will be lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen.,, still, :It is true tha t winter is over; still, it is almost as cold.,, nevertheless :,, : There was no news ; nevertheless, she went on hoping., yet, : H e worked hard, yet, he failed., 5. indicate : v. (1 ), : The old man indicated the right road by nodding toward it. (2 ), ( ) : The cracking and booming of the ice indicate a change of temperature.

248 244 1 (3 ), ( ) : The symptoms indicate immediate surgery. (4 ), ( ) : He indica ted his wishes in a letter indicating her approval with a nod : indicative a.,; indication n., 6. alarm : n. (1 ) : They heard the fire alarm. (2 ); : He sounded the alarm. (3 ), : He was struck with alarm. v. ( 1), : We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest. (2 ) : When Tom is w riting his term paper, his teacher alarms him not to copy other s. : alarm-word n. ; alarming a., ; alarmism n. ; alarmist n. 7. reject : n. : a reject from the varsity team v. (1 ) ;: He rejected their invitation point-blank. We rejected his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead., (2 ) ( ) ; : He rejected our plan even without giving us an audience. :refuse, decline, reject refuse : The commander refused to discuss questions of right. decline : I declined election to the National Institute of Arts and Letters some years ago, and now I must decline the Pulitzer Prize.,

249 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 245 reject ; : H e again offered himself for enlistment and was again rejected., 1. pull oneself together : vt., : A t first,he was very nervous,but he tried to pull himself together in several minutes., :pull down, ; ; ;, ( ) ;, pull for,, pull in ( ), ; ( ) ; ; pull off ;, ; ( ) ; pull on, ( ) ;( ) ;, ; ( ) pull out, ;, ; ; ( ) ; ; ; pull over ; ( ), ( ) ; pull round ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ), ( ) 2. take to : (1 ); ( ) : took to the woods (2 ),, : take to drink (3),, : Two keen minds that they are, they took to each other., 3. s hed light on :, : His work has shed light on the emotional life of chimpanzees. 1. Yet many who study animal behavior are cautious about saying animal experi-

250 246 1 ence love, preferring to say they are not displaying true love, but simply following the dictates of their genes.(para. 1) :,,, : who manyabout saying, are cautious,saying tha t, preferring to say 2. He compared this to a man who meets a woman and astonished that she is the same girl he used to see running around in a school uniform falls in love and marries her.(para. 4 ) :,, : and, : he compared this to a man... and falls in love and... who man,, astonished,?,? M,,,,??,,,

251 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 247,,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,, ( 2),,,,, :,,,, : (3 ),, ;,,,,

252 248 1,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,? ( 4), ( explication or illustration),,,,,,,,

253 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 249 Part. Vocabulary 1. The number of species increases every year as natural habita ts disappear. A. dangerous B. serious C. endangered D.hazardous 2. Outlines are used most often to the contents of long complex papers before the actual writing begins. A. sketch B. illustrate C. draw D. describe 3. We must the telegram arrives in time. A. secure B. assure C. ensure D. certify 4. During their first teacher-training year, the students often visited local schools for the of les sons. A. observation B. observa nce C. investigation D. inspection 5. They were just going to give up the question, suddenly they found the answer. A. when B. after C. unless D. until 6. As a res ult of careless washing the jacket to a child s size. A. compressed B. dropped C. shrank D. decreased 7. Price rises consumer s pending. A. arouse B. avoid C. preserve D. restrain 8. The movie the list of Oscar nomina tions. A. wins B. leads C. heads D. bea ts 9. Our teacher s reading is of very wide. A. extent B. range C. limit D. border 10. I thought that he had done nothing wrong and had a clear. A. character B. conscience C. spirit D. honor 11. Many a player who had been highly thought of has from the tennis scene. A. disposed B. disappeared C. discouraged D. discarded 12. The goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teacher s.

254 250 1 A. joint B. intensive C. overall D. decisive 13. Every culture has developed for certain kinds of food and drink, and equally strong negative at titudes toward others. A. preferences B. expectations C. fantasies D. fashions 14. As the old empires were broken up and new states were formed,new official tongues began to at an increasing rate. A. bring up B. build up C. spring up D. strike up 15. The beam that is by a laser differences in several ways from the light that comes out of a flashlight. A. emitted B. transported C. motivated D. translated 16. In his speech the Minister of Industry said that industrial exports went up for three years. A. successful B. successive C. continual D. con tinuous 17. A group of foreign students planning to travel by car to North Dakota in the winter are advised to their cars with snow tires and warm clothing. A. provide B. purchase C. equip D. install 18. All the students a loud laugh when the teacher told them the joke. A. let off B. let down C. let out D. let up 19. The estimate of gains in gross national product suggested a gradual recovery from economic recession. A. introductory B. possible C. primary D. preliminary 20. We so as not to wake the roommates. A. whispered B. moaned C. grunted D. mut tered Part. Cloze Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened a t the U nited Nations? H ow did the critics like the new play? 1 an event takes place; newspapers are on the streets 2 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 3 the news. Newspapers have one basic 4, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 5 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the

255 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 251 development of magazines and other means of communication. 7, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 9 and thus th e efficiency and read than ever before. Competition also led newspaper s to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping reader s 10 of the latest news, today s new spape rs 11 influence readers about politics and other important and serious mat ters. Newspaper s influence readers economic choices 12 advertising. Most newspaper s depend on advertising for their very 13. Newspaper s are sold at a price t hat 14 eve n a small fraction of th e cost of production. T he main 15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 16 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper s value to advertisers. This 17 in terms of circula tion. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 18 on the work of t he circulation depar tmen t and on t he services or entertainment 19 in a newspaper s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper s value to readers as a source of information 20 community, city, country, state, nation, and world-and even outer space. 1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D. Before 2. A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given 3. A. gather B. spread C. carry D. bring 4. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose 5. A. make B. publish C. know D. write 6. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other 7. A. However B. A nd C. Therefore D. So 8. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed 9. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed 10. A. inform B. be informed C. to be informed D. informed 11. A. entertain B. encourage C. educate D. edit 12. A. on B. through C. with D. of 13. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose 14. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover and the

256 252 1 C. fails to cover D. succeeds in 15. A. source B. origin C. course D. finance 16. A. way B. means C. chance D. success 17. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured 18. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something 19. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered 20. A. by B. with C. at D. about Text A Comprehension Content Questions 1. Th e writer t hinks t hat th ey will probab ly do th eir best t hink ing when it serves their purposes,not w hen scientists ask them to. 2. Because they encounter animal intelligence, and the lack of it, every day. 3. The stories they tell the author reveal what he is convinced is a new window on animal intelligence. 4. Maybe Colo thinks, why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece. 5. Miles first used plastic chips as coins, but Chantek decided he could expand the money supply by breaking chips in two. 6. Because he pretended to just remember he d been asked to share. 7. Animals cooperate w hen they learn it is in their interest to do so. 8. The author thinks it is true, but it is not enough. 9. Because of all the animals she worked with, Orkey was the most intelligent. He would assess a situation and then do something based on the judgment he made. 10. It s a male whale, because it was mentioned as he. 11. She thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible. 12. Towan hid his orange underneath his foot. It reveals that animals are clever

257 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 253 enough to deceive. Vocabulary ) maintaining. :, 2) intelligent. : 3) go (very) far. : 4) has expanded. : ) make a deal. : :,, 6) In the interest( s) of. :, 7) wiped out. :, 8) s urrounding. :, 9) convince. : 10) figure out. :, 11) encountered. :, 12) has coopera ted. : 13) assessed. :, 14) ( had) switched. : 15) envy : 2. 1) There used to be a long/ long-running controver sy over whether the book should be published or not. : 2) Kate felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly. : 3) Something suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay.

258 254 1 : 4) I t is a miracle t hat s he s urvived t he ai r cr ash when it brough t a bou t 109 deaths. :109, 5) She is determined not to give in until they give her a pay rise. :, 3. 1 ) It is obvious that Sherman never thought Melati was so intelligent that she would deceive her. :,, 2) Scien tists have unde rta ken various kinds of original research projects t o explore animal intelligence, but they still can t reach an agreement on whether it exists or not. :, 3) Lots of evidence convinced us/ them/ me/ him/ her that the lost ancient tunnel must have run right undernea th the city, extending to the seashore. : / / / /,. Confusable Words 1. firstly. :, 2. first, first. : 3. At fir st. :, 4. Fir st/ Firstly. :, 5. first. :? 6. First. : :,, 7. at fir st. :, 8. first. :( ). Usage Phrases in the phrase, the attributive noun indicates :

259 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence animal intelligence whose 2. zoo keeper where 3. eye contact through wha t 4. money supply of wha t 5. killer whale what kind 6. baby whale how old 7. family member of wha t 8. sea turtle what kind/ where Structure 1. 1) Scot t arrived at the South Pole on January 18th, only to find that someone had got there before him. 2) They spent a lot of time negotiating for a pay increase, only to get fired. 3) I got to the theater only to find that I had left the ticket at home. 4) I went to this St. Valentine s par ty to have so me fun only to discove r tha t everyone there was my mother s age. 2. 1) Why pay so much for coat? You could have it at half of the price in the supe rmarket near our house. 2) The central hea ting system seems to have gone wrong. Why not call the repairman to check it? 3) Why argue with him any more? He s made up his mind not to undertake this task. 4) I called and left a message for him several times but he never called back. Why not try his mobile phone, then? Comprehensive Exercises. Cloze 1) emergency 2) evidence 3) original 4) sizing up ( A) 5) negotia te 6) reveal 7) intelligence 8) make a deal 9) dominant 10 ) in their interest 11) deceiving 12 ) controversy 13) judgmen t 14 ) explore 1) or. : (B)

260 ) H ow. : 3) from. : 4) H owever. : 5) behavior. : 6) when. : 7) doesn t. : 8) example. : 9) But. : 10) at tention. : 11) Another. : one... another, 12) that. : 13) a. :, 14) every. : every time 15) associate. : 16) when. : 17) food. : 18) Learning. :. Translation I have a strong interest in animals as a child, so I often visited the zoo in my hometown. There what appealed to me most as a couple of tigers, especially the male. They were kept in a huge iron cage at first, but la ter were released from it and pit in a place called Tiger Hill. The hill was separated from the visitors by a very wide and deep ditch. What s more, it was also surrounded by a high iron fence along the ditch. Twenty years later, I visited the zoo and enjoyed finding the T iger Hill was still there but greatly extended, Six tigers, old and young, instead of two were moving around. Text B Comprehension Check 1. b: 2 3 b 2. d: 5 d

261 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence b: 7 b 4. b: 9 3 d 5. c: c 6. a: 8 1 a Translation T ext B Language Practice 1. purchase. : 2. took to. : 3. display. :, 4. rejected. : 5. s hed light on. : 6. magnificent. :, 7. typical. : 8. Nevertheless. :, 9. alarmed. :, 10. exhibited/ dis played. :,, 11. pulled himself together. :,, 12. indicate. : 13. cautious. : 14. observing. : 15. accompany. : Part. Vocabulary 1. C:, :dangerous ; serious ; endangered ; hazardous 2. A:, : sketch

262 258 1, ; illustrate ; draw ; describe 3. C: : secure ; assure ; ensure ; certify 4. A:, : observation ; observance ; investigation ; inspection 5. A:, :, when the moment that 6. C:, : compress, ; drop,, ; s hrink,, ; decrease 7. D: : arouse,,, avoid, ; preserve ; restrain 8. C: : head head the list win, lead, ; beat, ; list 9. B: : extent,, range,,, limit,, wide, limit, border,,, B 10. B:, : have a clear conscience, character,, ; spirit, ;honor,, 11. B: : dispose,, dispose of sth,,, ; disappear,,, ; discourage,,,,, discourage sb. from sth. ; discard,, 12. C:, : joint, ; intensive,,;overall,, ;decisive 13. A:, : preference,,, ; expectation,,

263 Unit 6 Animal Intelligence 259, ;fantasy,; fashion,, 14. C:, :bring up,, ; build up, ; spring up,, ; strike up, 15. A: : emit,, ( ) ; transport,,, ( ) motivate,translate, 16. B: : successful ; successive,,, ; continual,, ; continual ; continuous,,for three successive days 17. C: : provide,, ; purchase ; equip, ; install,equip with 18. C:, : let off ( ) ; let down, ; let out ( ) ; let up,, let out a loud laugh 19. D: : introductory ; possible ; primary, ; preliminary, preliminary estimate 20. A: : whisper,, ; moan, ; grunt, ; mut ter,, Part. Cloze 1. A just,,, 2. A to give giving, giving,, 3. A 4. D 5. C,C

264 B other :, 7. A merely, however, 8. D, 9. C, ( ) 10. D keep sb. +, sb., : 11. Cpolitics, educate 12. B : 13. B, 14. C, 15. A sourcesource, origin,, 16. D s ucceed in :, ( ) 17. C,, :, 18. C :, 19. B offered services entertainment 20. D information about,

265 U nit 7 Emergency 1. New Jersey , 50, , , 1746, 5 000,1766,, , 2. Emergency Services,,999, 911 Answers to Pre-reading Task 1. to have no fear of certain things. 2. to risk one s life for other people. 3. Because the devil of fire may run to burn again if they win one bat tle. 4. Because courage is badly needed in case of emergency. : ( 1 13 ) :,,,( ) :,

266 262 1 ( ) :,,,, 5,,,,,,,,, 1. trunk : n. : H e put the luggage in his trunk. : live in one s trunks / / : trunk a.,,;; : the trunk line of a railroad 2. grocery : n. :I have to buy a lot of groceries in that store because there is nothing left in the icebox. :grocery store 3. locomotive : n., : The U.S. could no longer serve as the locomotive for the world economy. : locomotive a., 4. horn : n. : The driver blew his horn when an old lady with her dog stepped in front of his car., :blow/ toot one s own horn, on the horns of a dilemma,

267 Unit 7 Emergency nearby : a., : She came from a nearby village. ad. not far away : They live nearby. :nearby, neighbouring, nearby ; neighbouring, : a neighbouring house, a house nearby 6. thumbs-up : n.,: He gave us a thumbs-up gesture to show his approval. :be all thumbs, bite the thumbs a t under sb. s thumb, 7. gesture : n.,, : She got some hint from his emphatic gesture of disapproval. : ( ) sign, signal :gesture, sign, mark, signal gesture,,, : H e gestured angrily at me. sign,, : There is a stop sign at an intersection. mark, : Suffering left its mark on his face. signal ( ), : The railway signal showed that the train could pass. 8. echo : v., : The shout echoed off the wall. : applaud s b./ sth. to the echo /, find an echo in one s heart

268 264 1 : echo n.,,, : echo, repeat, iterate, reiterate echo, ( ) : H e echoed every word of his superior. repeat, : Will you repeat tha t question, please?,? iterate, : iterate a warning reiterate, : He keeps reiterating his innocence. 9. steep : a. : The steep rock seems to be growing at an angle. : steep n. 10. kneel : v i.,, : she knel t to pray. :kneel on one s knees ; ( ) : knee n., 11. freight : n., () : This freight must be carefully handled when loading. : ( ) goods n. 12. signal : v. :I signaled the driver to proceed. :give/ make a signal signal of distress ; 13. resume : v t. ( ) : We ll stop now and resume ( working) a t two o clock., :resume one s seat

269 Unit 7 Emergency 265 resume the thread of one s discour se, 14. per : p rep. : How much do you earn per week?? : as per usual ; as per : per + cent = percent 15. accelerator : n., : static accelera tor steady accelerator, : accelerate v., : ( ) hurry,haste, speed :hurry, haste, speed ( ) hurry,, : In her hurry she forgot to leave her address., haste, [ ], : All his haste was of no use. speed ( ) ( ) :It is dangerous to corner at speed. 16. medium : a. : broil a medium steak n. :Commercial television is a medium for advertising. :happy medium, strike a happy medium / : medium, mediocre, fair, middling, indifferent, tolerable medium ; : an orange of medium size mediocre : The caliber of the students has gone from mediocre to above average.,

270 266 1 fair : a fair student ; in fair health ; have a fair idea of what s going on middling : gave a middling performance at best indifferent, : One and the same thing can at the same time be good, bad, and indifferent, e.g., music is good to the melancholy, bad to those who mourn, and neither good nor bad to the deaf.,,,, tolerable : prepared a tolerable dinner 17. mess : v t., : I have just cleaned the floor, and you ve messed it up again dropping bits of paper everywhere!! n., : The kitchen was in a mess. :be in a mess, clear up the mess, : mess v. ; mass n. :dirty,grimy, filthy, foul dirty, : make one s hands dirty with mud grimy : a man with a grimy face filthy : a filthy street foul : The water in the swamp is foul. 18. spot : vt., : Just when he found himself lost in this new city, he spotted a friend in a crowd.,

271 Unit 7 Emergency 267 : in spots ; ; on the spot,, 19. instant : n., ; : The alarm bells started ringing and at the same instant all the lights went off., : at any instant, for an instant, from instant to instant on the instant, in an instant, take only an instant : ( ) moment : moment, instant, minute, second, flash moment :I ll be with you in a moment. It took him a moment to answer. instant, ;, : She hesitated for just an instant. minute second, ; minute moment : Wait a minute. The plane will be arriving in a minute. second instant : I slipped out of the room for a few seconds to turn the oven on. flash in a ; in a flash : She was on her feet in a flash when the doorbell rang., 20. explode : v i., : The clap of thunder explode overhead which frightened the child into crying. : ( ) blow up, burst, erupt

272 sway : v., : Trees swayed gently in the breeze. She swayed her body in time with the music. :hold/ bear sway over, ; under the sway of, : swing, sway, rock,vibrate, waver swing : The ship s lanterns swung violently in the raging storm. sway : Thousands of the little yellow blossoms sway in the gentle wind. rock : The ruins of the ancient church seemed actually to rock and threaten to fall. vibrate ; : Music, when soft voices die/ Vibrates in the memory. / waver : He stood with wavering hands, unable for a moment to begin., 22. flas h : v i.,, : The cars flashed by. The image flashed onto the screen. :flash in the pan ; : flash, gleam, glance, sparkle, glitter, glimmer, twinkle flash : A bolt of lightning flashed across the horizon. gleam : The light gleams an instant, then it s night once more.,

273 Unit 7 Emergency 269 glance : Moonlight glanced off the windows of the darkened building. sparkle : crystal that sparkled in the candlelight glit ter : glittering mirrors glimmer : On the French coast, the light gleams, and is gone; the cliffs of England stand, glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.,, ;,, twinkle : a few stars, twinkling faintly in the deep blue of the night s ky 23. calculate : v. : The scientists are able to calculate accurately when the s paceship will reach the moon. :be calculated for ; be calculated to,, It is calcula ted that calculate on/ upon, : calcula te, compute, reckon, figure, calcula te, : astronomers calculate the positions of the planets compute, : computing fees according to time spent reckon figure : She reckoned the number of hours before her departure. ; I m trying to figure my share of the bill. 24. groan

274 270 1 : v i. ; : They groaned under the load of taxes. :groan inwardly groan out 25. thunderous : a. ;: thunderous applause : thunder n., 26. leap : v i. : The thief leaped from a window and escaped. :by leaps and bounds, leap in the dark leap of faith ; : ( )jump : jump, leap, skip, spring jump,,, : I can jump off the box, but I can t jump off that wall., leap, : They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. Look before you leap. : jump leap : It is a big leap in the process of cognition. skip,, : Children are fond of skipping. : H e always skips from one subject to another. spring,,hop,,, : The dog sprang at the man. 27. grab : v. : The thief grabbed the shoulder bag from the woman and ran off.

275 Unit 7 Emergency 271 :grab and keep grab hold of 28. loose : a. : When the teacher asked her to answer the question, the girl was idly pulling at a loose thread on her skirt., : at a loose end hold loose, ; : ( ) tense, tight 29. crash : v i.,, : I heard the dinner tray crash to the floor. : crash and burn, : crash, smas h, batter crash,, : A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below., cras h :It was not long before a helicopter arrived on scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.,, smash, : Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt., ba tter, : While the ba ttered car was moving away,roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police., 30. forehead : n. : Mother kissed me on my forehead every night before I fall asleep. : fore,,, head, 31. horror

276 272 1 : n., : He was filled with horror at the sight. :give sb. the horrors, have a horror of sth. 32. injure : v t. : she was badly injured in an accident. : injure,harm,hurt,damage, impair, spoil injure : Smoking will injure your health. harm hurt : Failure to pay his bills has harmed his credit. damage : A falling tree damaged the roof. impair, : The patient s in telligence has been im pair ed by a brain injury., spoil : Worrying about business spoiled our evening., 33. injury : n.,, :I take it as a personal injury. :be an injury to do sb. an injury do an injury to sb. 34. visible : a. : The smoke from the fire was visible from the road. : vision n. 35. internal : a.,: The X-rays showed that the victim of the car accident had no internal injuries. X : internal affairs

277 Unit 7 Emergency 273 the internal relations of things : ( )external a.,, 36. risk : v t. : He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire. n., : H e took a risk when he crossed the old bridge. : at ris k,, :danger, risk, peril, hazard danger,,, risk, danger : risk,,, danger, risk, risk take/ run the risk of doing: He stayed up so late that he was afraid that he was in danger of oversleeping and being la te for work., peril danger, : He is in peril of his life. hazard, : He had a life full of hazards. 37. incident : n., : Some incidents in her childhood had a lasting impression on her. :be incident to,, :occurrence, event, incident occurrence, : an unforeseen occurrence event : Graduation from university is an event in life. incident, : an ordinary incident 38. shelter

278 274 1 : v t., : The female eagle sheltered her chicks with her wings. n.,: He stood in the shelter at the bus stop. :be a shelter from fly to sb. for shelter/ seek shelter at s b. s house give shelter to take s helter ( = find shelter ) under the s helter of shelter oneself behind : shelter, cover, retreat, refuge, shelter : A cold frame provides shelter for the seedlings. cover, : The army mounted the invasion under cover of darkness. retreat : Their cabin in the woods served as a retrea t from the pressures of business. refuge : Vagrants and criminals, who make this wild country a refuge from justice. 1. struggle with : : She struggled with the math problem but eventually worked it out. :ding-dong struggle ; life-and-death struggle struggle against/ with ; ; struggle along struggle for

279 Unit 7 Emergency 275 struggle on, 2. draw one s at tention to : : My teacher drew my attention to an error in the term paper. :bring sth. to s b. s at tention pay one s a ttention to, sth. at tract s b. s at tention draw sb. s at tention to sth. 3. out of the way :,, : Step out of the way and let me handle the stone.,,. The house is well out of the way out of the back road. : ( ) in the way 4. mess around : : H e s pends his weekends messing around in his boat on the Thames. :be in a mess, clear up the mess, get into a mess, make a mess of ( ) ; mess up,,,, 5. cool down : ( ) : You should try to cool dow n when you are very angry. 6. with all one s strength :, : With all his strength he removed the piano to the next room. She opened the door with all her strength and ran out of the house. 7. clear of : : The plane climbed until it was clear of the clouds.

280 276 1 :be clear from ( suspicion) ( ) be clear of ( debt, worry) (, ) get clear of,, keep clear of, see one s way clear ( ) clear away ( ) ; ; ; with + noun + complement :,,with with + ( ) + / / / / / : H e stood there, his hand raised. = H e stood there, with his hand raised., : The murder was brought in, with his hands back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied behind his D:with + ( ) + +, with,, D : : in, ( ), with : A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand his) : Weather, we ll go out for a walk. A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. for permit ting B:,,, we, with,, : + permit,,, B,, If weather permits, we ll go out

281 Unit 7 Emergency 277 for a walk. if, 1. Kate Pritchard bent over her car trunk and struggled with the bags of groceries she d just bought home.(para. 1 ) :, : she d just bought home groceries struggle with : have difficulty handling or coping with 2. No fence separated their backyard from the track only a thick row of trees. (Para. 1 ) :, : separate from ; a row of 3. Kay! echoed Scott, trying to copy his old brother.( Para. 4) :!, : trying to copy his old brother echo: repeat ( another s words, ideas, etc. ) 4. The sounds of the train apparently drew the boys attention to the track.( Para. 8) : :draw/ attract sb. s attention to 5. The engineer adjusted the accelerator,then turned to conductor Anthony Falzo, a man,medium in height and strongly built, who had worked for Conrail for almost half of his 35 years.(para. 9) :,,, 35, : medium in height and strongly built, Anthony Falzo turn to, ;, turn to sb. for help 6 Rich and Anthony spotted something ahead at the same instant.(para. 14) : : spot : see or recognize,

282 Rich threw on the emergency brake and pulled on the air-horn handle with all his strength.( Para. 16 ) :, :pull on ; with all one s strength, 8. Anthony sprang through the cab door onto a narrow running board six feet above the wheels and raced to the front of the swaying train.( Para. 18 ) :, 6, : spring ; six feet above the wheels running board swaying train 9. Anthony waved widely and shouted, Get away! Get away! (Para. 19) : :!! : wave 10. Absorbed in play,todd and Scott did not hear the train.( Para. 21) :, : absorbed in play 11. With perhaps ten feet left between them and the sharp-edged snowplow blade at the front of the train,anthony sprang forward from the ladder( Para. 22 ). : 10, : with perhaps ten feet left between them and the sharp-edged snowplow blade at the front of the train 12. As his body crashed downward, Anthony covered Todd while reaching out with one arm to grab Scott and pull him clear of the track.(para. 25) :,, : as his body cras hed downward as,as when ; crash,, ;reach out 13. Kate tore back to the house, made the calls,then reached her husband, Gary, via his beeper.(para. 30) :,, :via, ;,,

283 Unit 7 Emergency Reporters later asked Anthony if he had hesitated before risking his life. (Para. 32 ) : : if he had... his life ask ; Anthony risk ; risk one s life ; risk everything on a single throw 15. It made me remember the moment when I first sheltered them under the train. (Para. 34 ) : : when moment! ,,, 300,,,, 18,,,,?!,,!,,

284 280 1,,,,,, 40,,, 35,,?,,?,,, 21?,??,,, :!,,,, 2,,, :!!,,,,,,,,, 10,,

285 Unit 7 Emergency 281,,,,!,!,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,!,!,,,,,,,,13 14,,,,,,

286 282 1, 1. w rap : v t., : He w rapped up the Chrismas presents. :be wrapped up in wrap up : wrapped a. wrapping n., 2. conceal : v t.,, : H e tried to conceal his anger at the meeting. : conceal from : concealment n. ; concealed a. : ( ) reveal v., :hide, conceal, secrete, screen hide conceal : I used a throw rug to hide/ conceal the stain on the carpet. She smiled to hide/ conceal her hurt feelings. ( conceal ) secrete : The lioness secreted her cubs in the tall grass. screen : Tall shrubs screen the actor s home from the curious. 3. pressure : n. : She can feel the slight extra pressure he applied to her hand.

287 Unit 7 Emergency 283 :bring pressure to : press v. ; pressurize v., ; pressing a., 4. plunge : v. : Hearing the scream for help, he plunged into the river without even taking off clothes., :be plunged into : plunger n.,, 5. crus h : v., : A laborer was crushed to death by a lorry. : crushing a., ; crusher n.,; 6. s nap : v i.,, : Those dead twigs can be easily snapped off. : s nappy a. ; snappish a. ;;; s napshot n. & vt. ( ) 7. collapse : v. ; ; : The old man collapsed when he was walking in the street., : collapse from, : collapsed a., 8. s hiver : v i., : The way the lady looked at her shivered her greatly. : shiver with : shivering a., : shake, tremble, quake,quiver, shiver shake, : shake before taking ( ) tremble

288 284 1 : She trembled at the lion s roar., quake tremble,, : The earth quaked. quiver : The leaves quivered with the breeze. shiver : He shivered with cold. 9. presence : n., : When the fire started in the kitchen, John had the presence of mind to turn off the gas.,, : in the presence of presence of mind, : present a. ; presentable a. ; presentation n.,, ; presently ad. be up to :, :It s up to you whether you decide to take the job. :be up to da te, : be up to, 1. Dan Dykstra stood next to his 11-year old daughter, Jennifer, his long arm wrapped round her shoulders, as they peered from their cabin on the Guadalupe River into the rain-filled darkness.(para. 1 ) : 11, : : his long arm wrapped round her shoulder s; as, as when 2. But there seemed no need for concern.(para. 2 ) : : seem : Mark seems disappointed. It

289 Unit 7 Emergency 285 seems very delicious to ea t. 3. She trusted her Dad, but couldn t help recalling television images of floods and people clinging to treetops,wet and cold.(para. 4 ) :,, : can t / couldn t help doing sth., ; cling to ; wet and cold, people 4. What he saw shook him wide-awake.( Para. 7) : : what he saw, wide-awake,him 5. Put this on,honey, he said to Jennifer.(Para. 9) :,! :put on ( ) ; ( ) this, life jacket 6. Wrapping his arms tightly round his daughter, he plunged into the icy water. (Para. 14) :, :,wrap he, wrap 7. Before he could get out of its path,dykstra found himself thrown against a submerged tree.(para. 15) :, : thrown,,, thrown 8. As he did so the house shifted, releasing him and spinning away from them. (Para. 17) :,,, : as when ; so he lost consciousness ; release,

290 286 1 :,,, 11,, ( 1),,,, 10,,,,,,,?!,,,!,,,, ( 2),,,,,

291 Unit 7 Emergency 287?,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,!!,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,

292 288 1,,, 10,, ( 4),,,,,,,!? :!!,,,,, 18,,,,,, Part. Vocabulary 1. Look a t the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice.

293 Unit 7 Emergency 289 A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed 2. No matter how frequently, the works of Beethoven always at tract large audiences. A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. being performed 3. It is recommended tha t the project until all the preparations have been made. A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started 4. I wis h I longer this morning.but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 5. While people may refer to television for up to da te minute news, it is unlikely that television the newspaper completely. A. replaced B. have replaced C. replace D. will replace 6. An Olym pic Mar athon is 26 miles a nd 385 yards, a pproximately from Marathon to Athens. A. distance B. is the distance C. the distance D. the distance is 7. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from to suspend your tent. A. there B. them C. w hich D. where 8. quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home. A. Before B. Until C. From D. Since 9. Scientists say it may be five or ten years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. before C. after D. when 10. In some count ries, is called equality does not really mea n equal rights for all people. A. which B. w hat C. that D. one 11. I walked too much yesterday and are still aching now.

294 290 1 A. my leg s muscles C. my leg muscles B. my muscles of leg D. my muscles of the leg 12. Radio, television and press of conveying news and information. A. are the most three common means B. are the most common three means C. are the three most common means D. are three the most common means 13. Liquids are like solids they have a definite volume. A. in that B. for that C. with that D. at that 14. Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do. A. to be given C. to have given B. to be giving D. having given 15. I remember to help us if we ever got into trouble. A. once offering C. him to offer B. him once offering D. to offer him 16. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soils and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. A. are B. is C. do D. has 17. when she started complaining. A. Not until he arrived C. No sooner had he arrived B. Hardly had he arrived D. Scarcely did he arrive 18. By 1990, production in the area is expected to double of A. that B. it C. one D. what 19. U nderstanding the cultural habits of another na tion, especially containing as many different subcultures as the United States is a complex task. A. one B. the one C. that D. such 20. You can t be careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case. A. very B. quite C. too D. so Part. Cloze As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was

295 Unit 7 Emergency 291 w rong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and 1 the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly 2 forward. At tha t moment, t he ai r-hostes s 3. She looked ve ry pale, but was quite 4. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she 5 everyone that the pilot had 6 a nd asked if a ny of t he pas sengers knew anyt hing about mach ines or a t 7 how to drive a car. After a moment 8, a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot s cabin. Moving the pilot 9, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the 10 instructions tha t were being sent by radio from the airport 11. The plane was now dangerously close 12 the ground, but to everyone s 13, it soon began to climb. The man had to 14 the airport several times in order to become 15 with the controls of the plane. 16 the danger had not yet passed. The terrible 17 came when he had to land. Following 18, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. It shook violen tly 19 it touc hed t he ground and th en moved rapidly 20 t he runway and after a long run it stopped safely. 1. A. although B. w hile C. therefore D. then 2. A. shifted B. thrown C. put D. moved 3. A. showed B. presented C. exposed D. appeared 4. A. well B. still C. calm D. quiet 5. A. inquired B. insured C. informed D. instructed 6. A. fallen B. failed C. faded D. fainted 7. A. best B. least C. length D. first 8. A. hesitation B. surprise C. doubt D. delay 9. A. back B. aside C. about D. off 10. A. patient B. anxious C. urgent D. nervous 11. A. beneath B. under C. down D. below 12. A. to B. by C. near D. on 13. A. horror B. trust C. pleasure D. relief 14. A. surround B. circle C. observe D. view 15. A. intimate B. familiar C. understood D. close 16. A. Then B. Therefore C. But D. Moreover 17. A. moment B. movement C. idea D. affair

296 A. impression B. information C. ins pections D. instructions 19. A. as B. unless C. w hile D. so 20. A. around B. over C. along D. above Text A Comprehension Content Questions 1. Monday, May 1,1989 ; in Ramsey 2. She bent over her car trunk and struggled with the bags of groceries she d just brought home. 3. Rich threw on the emergency brake and pulled on the air-horn handle with all his strength, and Anthony sprang through the cab door onto a narrow running board six feet above th e wheels a nd r aced to th e front of t he swaying train. 4. They are absorbed in play. 5. When the train was slowing. 6. The unending blast of the train horn. 7. Anthony covered Todd while reaching out with one arm to grab Scot t and pull him clear of the track. 8. H e pushed downward on the boy with all his strength as the train passed inches above them. 9. Crying. 10. He believes tha t Scott might have internal injuries tha t any movement could worsen. 11. Scot t s injuries were not serious, requiring just 13 stitches. 12. The Pritchards feel that Anthony has almost become a member of the family. Vocabulary ) nearby. :,

297 Unit 7 Emergency 293 2) signaled. :, 3) resumed. : 4) spot ted. :, 5) instant. :,,, 6)exploded. :, 7) swaying. :, 8) messing around. : :,! 9) leaped. : 10) grabbed. : 8!,, 11) loose. :, 12) horror. :, 13) punched. : 14) calculate. : 15) clear of. : 2. 1) the comet is visible to the naked eye as a fuzzy ball in the western sky. :, 2)application papers may be sent via . : 3) the city government feeds and shelters the homeless children. : 4) he was warned by his brothers to keep clear of the street gang. : 5) I d like to draw your at tention to the fact that the student s enthusiasm about the project has cooled down. :, 3. 1) struggled with all his strength out of the way flashed :,

298 ) twisting and scraping the incident to mess around :,,,,, 3) pulled on up and down from injuring crashed into :,,,. Usage 1. The sound of the engine became thunderous. : 2. H e exploded : w hy didn t you tell me earlier! :? 3. The firemen sprang through the window into the room. : 4. H e froze when he faced the audience. :, 5. H e stared a t me in shock. : 6. Every morning, the policemen on duty will see thousands of cars flash by. :, 7. The plane crashed into the mountainside, killing all aboard. :,. Word Formation 1. possibility. :, 2. highly. : 3. amazement. :, 4. violation. :, 5. widened. :, 6. neighborhood. :,? 7. fulfillment. :, 8. determina tion. :

299 Unit 7 Emergency 295 Structure 1. 1) making 2) to kill 3) to ask 4) to think 5) spe nding 6) being spoken 7) to pay 8) practicing 2. 1) with Christmas only a week away 2) with his physical condition improving day by day 3) with our GDP growing steadily 4) with all the shops closed Comprehensive Exercises. Cloze ( A) 1. incident 2. leaping 3. instant 4. spotted 5. horror 6. calculating 7. grab 8. clear of 9. loose 10. reach out 11. all my strength 12. scraped 13. punched 14. internal (B) 1. had. : last week, 2. when. :, 3. with. : play with, 4. before. : had given,, before,, 5. for. :for,, for 6. herself. :, 7. with. : with, 8. on. : on fire, 9. house. : house,, room, family 10. other/ older. :,,,others,, older

300 too. : too... to..., 12. and. : and 13. speak. : speak to sb., 14. to. : to, 15. come. :, the lady 16. out. : put out the fire, 17. when. :,,, when 18. what. :,, what which + that that + that 19. of. : be proud of sb./ sth. 20. like. : be just like :,. Translation The instant the professor entered the class room, the words on the blackboard welcome back professor drew his at tention. H e had been injured in a car accident, and had had several operations in a nearby hospital. The doctor calculated his chances of survival to be no more than 10%. Now, not only had he recovered from his injury, but he was also able to resume teaching. Every student felt excited a t the sight of him, and minutes passed before the class cooled down. Text B Comprehension Check 1. a 2 2 a 2. b 5, 6 1! b 3. c, 15 3, 4, 4. da, b c,, d 19 3

301 Unit 7 Emergency a,20 1, 2,, a 6. d 23,24,25 7. b 18, b 18 Translation T ext B Language Practice 1. plunged. :, 2. wrapped. :, 3. squeeze. :, 4. s hivering. :, 5. hang on. : 5, 6. collapsed. :,, 7. presence. :, 8. conceal. :, 9. pressure. : 10. crushed. :, 11. snapped. :,, 12. trapped. :,, 13. pray. :, 14. nowhere. :, 15. up to. :, Part. Vocabulary 1. B:! :, if only if only,,, ( ) had followed if only,

302 B:, :, no matter, the works of Beethoven are performed to be performed, are being performed, ( ) 3. C: :, suggest, propose, recommend, request, require, demand,order, insist, desire,, s hould +,, should +, should 4. A:, :, wish,, ( ) ( ) have had to get up and come, 5. D:, :, unlikely, 6. C: , :, approximately the distance from Marathon to Athens, 26 miles and 385 yards distance from... to...,, or and,, B D 7. C:, :, + + 4, which, which two trees about ten feet a- part 8. B:, :, 4, until

303 Unit 7 Emergency 299 recently not... until 9. B:, 5 10 :,, it is/ was...(time) before 10. B:, :, wha t the thing that what what is called equality 11. C:, :, leg muscles, : my brother s bag, : today s news paper, two miles distance, A of, : the muscles of my legs,b D 12. C: :,, most, common, common, C are the three most common means 13. A:, :, in that, that 14. A: :, prefer prefer,,,give 15. B:, :, remember remember,, ( ) remember to do, ( ) 16. A:,,, :, as...as as much...as, as

304 B: :, hardly/ scarcely... w hen; no sooner... than, w hen, hardly scarcely, 18. A: 1990, 1980 :, that, that production; one, it of, what 19. A:,, :, one nation,, B C 20. C:, :, too can t too can t, Part. Cloze 1. A:, although,, while ; therefore ; then 2. B:, throw, shift ; move 3. D : show ; present, ; expose ; appear, 4. C: well ; still ; calm ; quiet,, calm 5. C: inform, inquire ; insure, against ; instruct 6. D : fallen ; fail ; fade ( ) ; faint D 7. B: a t best ; at least ; at length ; at first at least

305 Unit 7 Emergency A: hesitation ; surprise ; doubt ; delay hesitation 9. B: aside, back ; about ; move off 10. C: :, patient ; anxious ; nervous, urgent 11. D:beneath under, dow n, below,, 12. A: close to,close 13. D: horror ; trust ; pleasure ; relief ( ) to one s relief, 14. B: surround ; circle ; observe ; view circle, 15. B:be familiar with,, 16. C:, then, therefore,but, moreover 17. A:, when he had, moment movement, idea, affair 18. D: following... the man, :, impression ; information ; inspections ; instructions 19. A: as, unless while, as so,, 20. C: :, move along around, over, above along

306 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 1. before tax,,,,,,, 4 % 6%,, 8.75% 2. The Wealth o f Nations ( ),,,,,,, 18,,,,,, 3. U.C.L.A., 1882, 90,, 11, , 4. Iwo Jima,1945 2,,,,

307 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 303,,,,, 5. Pittsburgh, 55.5 ( 143 ), 38, Answers to Pre-reading Task 1. To make his class think and see how clearly they think. 2. H e was too rigid to adopt the answer to different situations. No, he wasn t used to thinking clearly and hadn t formed the habit of making good use of his brain. 3. Yes. In how to educate children.,,,,, : ( 1 10 ) :

308 304 1 ( ) :,,,,,,,, T ext Organiza tion 2 1. file : n. ( 1) : The personnel office keeps a file on each employee. We have placed the correspondence on our files. (2 ) : She uses a nail file to shape her fingernails. (3 ) : Children walked in single file. v. : Please file this paper away, Miss Mary., : filing n., : catalog, classify,grind, group catalog :Can you catalog the VCD sets you sell and send me a copy? VCD? classify, : We have to classify all the paper s before hand. grind ; : He ground his knee into the man s stomach. group ; ; : The data can be grouped under three heads. 2. ability

309 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 305 : n. (1 ) ; ( ) : She has great ability at playing the piano. (2 ) ; : She has many abilities, but she doesn t always use them., (3 ) ; : We found him work more suited to his abilities. : to the best of one ability : H e soon received promotion, for his superior s realized that he was a man of considerable. A. future B. ability C. possibility D. opportunity B:, future ; ability ; possibility, ; opportunity : able a., : ( )competence ; capability 3. accumulate : : v. (1 ) ; ( ) ; ( ) : By investing widely she accumulated a fortune. ( 2) : Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleared regularly. energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake. A. Gathered B. Accumulated C. Collected D. Assembled B:, gather ; accumulate ; collecte ; assemble : accumulation n. ( / ) : accumula te, collect, gather, congregate accumula te ( ) : Interest accumulates in my savings account month by month. collect : to collect stamps ;,

310 306 1, : A few homeless beggers collected round the blaze for warmth. gather : A crowd immediately gathered round the man stricken on the footpath. congregate, : People congregated on balconies to catch a glimpse of the passing celebrity., 4. acquire : v t. (1 ) ; : Some people go back for their education to acquire another degree or diploma to impress the society.,, (2 ) ; : Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born., : It is through learning that the individual many habitual ways of reacting to situations. A. retains B. gains C. achieves D. acquires D:, retains ; gains ( ) ; achieves ; acquires : acquirable a. :obtain, gain obtain : The facts had been obtained from thousands of students in their first year of university study by as king such questions as these., gain,, ;, : Does your watch gain or lose?,? 5. adequate : a. (1 ): He makes an adequate salary, enough to pay his bill.,

311 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 307 (2), : Her work is only adequate.i m not impressed., : By law, when one makes a large purchase, he s hould have opportunity to change his mind. A. accurate B. urgent C. excessive D. adequate D:,, accura te ; urgent ; excessive ; adequate : adequacy n. : enough, s ufficient, adequate enough s ufficient, enough,,, adequa te,, :, : Five men will be quite enough ( or sufficient).5, His wages are adequate to support three people. : 3 3,, : 3, 20 20, adequate, : I worked for him three hours, and he paid me 20 pounds. I think the 20 pounds are adequa te for my work. 6. affect : v. (1 ) : The change in climate may affect your health. Their opinion will not affect my decision. (2 ) ; : Cancer had affected his lung. (3 ) : We were deeply affected by the news of her death. (4 ) (, ) : He affects a presentation use of language.

312 308 1 (5 ) : She affects a F rench accent,but she does not speak F rench., : We are interested in the weather because it what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. A. affects B. benefits C. guides D. effects us so directly A:, affects ; benefits ;guides ; ; effects, : affected a. ; : affect, effect effect : layoffs designed to effect savings affect,: He was in no way affected by their misery. 7. astonish : v t. : We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion., :be astonished at sth. : amaze, astonish, surprise,, ; amaze,,,, : We were amazed a t the ingenuity with which they solved their difficulties. ( ) astonis h, : I was astonished at his rudeness. surprise, : We we re surprised at finding the house empty. 8. compete : v.,, : Several companies are competing against each other for this contract. : compete with / against

313 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 309 : competition n.,,, : compete ( with),vie ( with), rival, contest compete, : The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. vie ( with ) compete,,,, : The two boys vied with each other for the fir st place. rival, : They are school friends rivaling in performing good deeds. contest,, : The two armies are contesting every inch of ground. 9. complex : a. ( 1), : Finding a cure for cancer involves complex scientific research. ( 2) ( ) : The powerful computer has complex wiring inside. (3 ): a sports complex : complexion n. ; ; : complex, complicated complex, complica ted, ( ), : He s married to her, and she s in love with his brother-in-law, and..., oh, it s too complica ted to explain!,,,,, 10. decline : v. (1 ),, : H e declined our invitation to dinner. (2), : P rices have declined to record lows.

314 310 1 (3 ), : My grandpa s health is declining. (4 ), : From the hilltop, I walked down a path that declined toward a lake. n. (1 ), : The decline in the stock market scared investor s. (2 ), : The old woman s health is in decline. (3 ) : The steep decline of the road down to the mountain make me nervous. :fall / sink into a decline, ; ( ) on the decline, :Some day software will translate both writ ten and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could. A. descend B. decline C. deteriorate D. depress B:, descend ; decline ; deteriorate ;depress : declination n.,, :decline, refuse, reject decline : H e declined the nomination. refuse, : He refused to take the money. reject : They rejected damaged goods. 11. faculty : n. (1 ) ( ),, : the faculty of law the Faculty of Arts (2 ) : These girls have the faculty to learn languages easily.

315 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 311 (3 ) ; :faculty meeting an excellent mathematics faculty : facultyman n. ; 12. function : n. (1 ),,,, : It is not the function of this committee to deal with dismissals. (2 ), : Heads of state at tend numerous functions every year. (3 ) [ ] : X is a function of Y. X Y (4) : What function can this program perform?? v i.,, : My pen does not function very well. The old machine won t function properly if you don t oil it regularly. : functional a.,,, ; 13. handful : a. (1 ), : a handful of rice When the employer arrived, the secretary handed him a handful of letter s., (2 ) : They invited a dozen companies, but only a handful of them came., (3 ), : That young boy of her s is quite a handful. : a handful of, 14. humble : a. (1 ): in my humble opinion (2 ),: humble occupation H e came to power from humble circumstances as a poor boy.,, (3 ),: a humble meal / home ; v. ( / ), : humble sb.

316 312 1 s pride : eat humble pie, : humbly ad. ; humbleness n., :humble, lowly, meek ( ) humble, : Defeat and failure make people humble. lowly,, : H e had a lowly heart. meek : be as meek as a lamb 15. idle : a. (1 ) ; : The factory has been closed for a year now, leaving its workers idle., (2 ): The factory machines lay idle during the workers strike., (3 )() : We s pent many idle hour s just sitting in the sun. (4), : She likes to be idle and wa tch T V all day., (5 ), : It s idle to expect help from him. Don t listen to that idle talk. v. (1 ); : idling in the park (2 ) ( away ) : idling away the hours ; : lie idle ; run idle ( ) stand idle ; ; ( ) idle away ; ( ) : When people become unemployed, it is than lack of wages. which is often worse

317 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 313 A. poverty B. idleness C. laziness D. inability : C:,, poverty ; idleness ; ; laziness ; inability : idleness n., : idle, lazy, idle, ; : idle sth. away, lazy,, : He s not stupid, just lazy., 16. ignorant : a. (1 ); ; : I m ignorant about politics. (2 ), : She gave an ignorant stare at the giant machine. (3 ),, : His ignorant behavior at the dinner table caused much embarrassment., (4 ): I am totally ignorant of what happened at home while I was on vacation. :be ignorant of, : ignorance n. : ( )aware learned : ignorant, illiterate,uneducated,unlearned ignorant, : He s not stupid, merely ignorant., illiterate, : There are still many illiterate people in our country. uneducated, : H e was uneducated. unlearned, : He was not unlearned in history. 17. jam

318 314 1 n. ( 1) : H e spread some strawberry jam on his toast. (2 ) (, ) : a jam in the dispatch department (3 ), : H ow am I going to get out of this jam?? (4 ), : a traffic jam in a town v. (1 )( ) : The s hip was jammed in the ice. (2 ) ( ) : There s something jamming ( up) the lock. (3 ) ( ), : The holiday traffic is jamming the roads. (4 ) ( ) (,) : The government tried to jam the guerrilla s transmissions. : jam, crowd, stuff jam,, : jam one s finger in a door crowd : Shoppers crowded into the store. stuff,, : The bed was stuffed with cot ton so it was very soft., 18. luxury : n. (1 ) ( ) : That family lives in luxury, enjoying costly clothes, high-priced cars, and a beautiful house.,,, (2 ) ( ) : We can t afford luxuries, such as over seas vacations., : In this country, s urvival is still the leading industry ; all else is. A. luxury B. accommodation C. entertainment D. refreshment A:,, luxury ; accommoda tion, ; entertain-

319 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 315 ment ; refreshment, : luxurious a. : ( ) magnificence : luxury, extravagance luxury ; ; : a luxury hotel/ flat/ liner : / / extravagance, : His extravagance explains why he is always in debt., 19. complete : a.,, : He has a complete collection of Elius P resley records. (2 ), : When will the building work be complete?? (3 ),,: It was a complete surprise to me. v. (1 ), : I only need one volume to complete myself of Dicken s novels. (2 ) : complete the applica tion in ink. : completion n. : complete, finish, terminate, end complete finish, complete, complete finish ; finish, complete terminate end, terminate end, complete : The treaty terminated hostilities. 20. financial : a.,,: She was always careful with her money in order to have financial security when she retired., : finance n. ; ( ) finances n. ; ( ),,

320 316 1 :financial, economic financial, :She is in great financial difficulties. economic ( ), : the government economic policy 21. portable : a., : She uses a portable when she travels.. n., : The documents had been typed on a small portable. : portability n. : conveyable, movable, transferable conveyable,, : The dinner table is conveyable that a good space can be made., movable,: a movable stove ; a movable rock transferable,, : H ongkong Dollar can be transferable into any kind throughout the world market., 22. security : n. (1 ) ( ) ; ; : The owner put two lock s on every door for bet ter security., (2 ) : We need greater security in car parks. (3),,: Good physical and mental health gives her a strong sense of security. (4) ( ), : H er company buys and sells securities. (5), : airport security ( ) : as security for security ;

321 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 317 give security against, go/ stand/ give security (for ) in security, in security for : secure a.,, v.,, ( ),, : security, safety, security ; : The government looks after the security of the country. safety : They ran to safety, away from the fire., 1. in amazement : ;, : He looked at me in amazement. :be filled with amazement to one s amazement 2. drive home : ; ; : To drive home his point, he explained it again and again., 3. search for :, : I searched my memory for the man s name but failed to remember., : in search of ( = in one s search for), make a search after/ for ( ),, search after/ for, search into, search out ( ), search through 4. bet ter off

322 318 1 :,,, : I am bet ter off when I have this new job., : well off, ; better off ( ),, :,, 5. make a living by :, earn a living by/ gain a living by/ get a living by: He made a living by working pa rt- time job in a Chinese restauran t in China Town. 6. run out of :, : Fortunately we were very close to a gasoline before we ran out of petrol., :run across ( run against/ run into) ; run after, run in, 7. break down : ( 1 ),, : Our car broke down on the way back because the weather was too hot and it could not continue to move well.,, (2 ) ( ),,,,, (, ) : What is even worse is that our soul break down before our age break ourselves down., :break away ; ; ; break forth, break from ; break in ; ; ; ; ; 1. far better than : : I feel far better than yesterday. :far better

323 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems I put a handful of folders on the counter and asked a teenage salesgirl how much they cost (Para. 1 ) :, : handful n., hand ful 2. While our children seem better-natured than ever,they are so ignorant and so ignorant of their ignorance that they frighten me. (Para. 6 ) :,, : (1 ) that so, (2 )better-natured, : bet ter-educated, bet ter-cooked (3 )frighten 3. The attitude was summed up by a friend s bright, lazy 16-year-old son, who explained why he preferred not to go to U. C. L. A. ( Para. 8 ) : 16, : sum up, 4. I do not want to have to compete with Asians. ( Para. 8 ) : : compete ;, with/ against : compete with our rivals for this contract., 5. To drive this message home to such young Americans, I have a humble suggestion :a movie, or TV series, dramatizing just how difficult is was for this country to get where it is and how easily it could all be lost. (Para. 10 ) :, :, : (1 ) to, (2 ) dramatizing a movie, or T V

324 320 1 series, 6. As the story opens,our hero, Kevin Hanley 1990,a 17-year-old high school senior, is sitting in his room, feeling bitter. ( Para. 11 ) :,1990, 17,, : a 17-year-old,, 7. But Hanley s poverty allows no leisure for such luxuries as going to school. (Para. 12) : : allow,: allowed him 1,000 for expenses allow for : allow for, : It takes about two hours to get to their office building, allowing for possible traffic delays.,,,,,,, 12 23, 12, 2.76,,??,?,, 60,

325 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 321,,,,, 16,,,,,,, :,,,, 1990, 17,,, 1835,,17,,,,,,,,, 1990, , :,,,,

326 ,,,,, 1990,,,,, 2020,, 2020, 1990, ,,,,,,,, 1835, 2050,, 100? ,,,, 1990,, :,,,, 1990

327 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems benefit : n., : Regular morning exercises will do great benefit to one s health. vt., : A five-day week benefits more than individually and economically. 5 :for the benefit of give sb. the benefit of one s experience/ knowledge ( ) in benefit ( ) out of benefit : beneficial a.,, : ( ) damage 2. proceed : v i. ( 1), : The premier waited for the applause to die down and then proceeded with his government report., (2 ) : As soon as he came in, he proceeded to tell us all his troubles. The interview proceeded in a most friendly atmosphere. (3) : Tell us your name and then proceed with your story., (4 ) ( against ), : I advise you not to proceed against him. (5 ) ( from ), : Miserable sobs were heard to proceed

328 324 1 from the next room. : advance, promote, progress,proceed advance, : Our soldiers advanced bravely against the enemy. promote advance ;, ( ) : John was promoted/ advanced from a clerk to a manager. progress,, : Our research work is progressing steadily. proceed : This being done, let s proceed to the next., 3. competent : a. (1 ),, : Two competent witnesses testified. (2 ) : She always does a competent job. : competence n. : able, capable, competent able, : He was able to get himself accepted by a top law school. capable :She is proud of her son, who s very capable as a driver., competent,,, : She is competent to do the task. 4. essential : a. (1 ),, : It is essential for us to try to decide whether television is a blessing or a curse. (2 ),, : What is the essential difference between these

329 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 325 two economic systems?? (3 ),, ( pl.) :In considering a problem, one must grasp its essentials. :necessary, essential, indispensable,vital necessary :It s necessary for us to study hard. essential : Food is essential for life. indis pensable : He is indispe nsable to our work, we cannot do it without him.,,, vital : This point is vital to my argument. : ( ) unnecessary : It is essential that these application forms possible. A. must be sent C. will be sent B. are sent D. be sent back as early as D:, it is essential that, D 5. solve : v t., : To solve a typical problem like this cost him less than half an hour., : solution n.,, 6. effective : a. ( 1),, : The medicine is an effective cure for a headache. (2 ): H e gave an effective performance as Othello. (3 ), : a decline in the effective demand :be effective on, become effective ( )

330 326 1 be far from effective : effectively ad., ; effectivity n., : ( )ineffective : They took measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. A. fruitful B. beneficial C. valid D. effective D: fruitful ; beneficial ;valid, ; effective ( ) 7. confuse : v t. (1 ) ; : The old labels confuse debate instead of clarifying it., (2 ),, : We tried to confuse the enemy. I was confused by all the noise. : ( ) muddle, mix up : confusing a., ; confused a., ; confusingly ad., :puzzle,perplex, confuse,bewilder puzzle, : What he did puzzled me greatly. perplex,puzzle,, : His face was perplexed ; he went away., confuse,, : They asked me so many questions that they confused me. bewilder, : The old woman from the country was bewildered by the crowds and traffic in the big city. 8. focus

331 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 327 : v. ( on) ( ), ( ), : Since the state soccer team adopted the policy of going on duty through competition, state soccer pla yers have become more focused., n., : Because of his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when he entered the office., : in focus, out of focus, : concentrate, focus concentrate, : concen t ration camp ; Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country. focus, : This photograph looks funny; I think you forgot to focus the camera., 9. claim : v t. (1 ),,, : H e claimed that he hadn t done it, but I didn t believe him., (2 ), : Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?,? n. (1 ) ( ) : They made a claim for higher pay. (2 ) : The poor have a claim to our sympathy. (3 ) ), : The government s claim that war was necessary was clearly mistaken., :have a claim on/ to lay claim to,, ( ) put in a claim for,, ( ) make a claim for ( ) make a claim to raise a claim ( )

332 328 1 push one s claims, : H e that he could finish the job without any help. A. claimed B. required C. demanded D. denounced A: claim, ; require ; ; demand, ; denounce : claimant n., ; claimable a. ; ( ) ; claimee n. : ask, claim, demand, request ask,, claim, claim, demand, ( ),, request,,, demand request,, request, 10. contribute : v i. ( 1), : Peggy Lee contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion. (2 ), : Exercise contributes to bet ter health. (3 ) : contributed two stories to the s ummer issue v t. : contribute food and clothing for the relief of the poor : Eating too much fat can pressure. heart disease and cause high blood A. attribute to B. a ttend to C. contribute to D. devote to C: at tribute to (

333 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 329 ) ; attend to,, ; contribute to ; devote to, : contribution n. contributor n., 11. ultimate : a. (1 ),, : As the ultimate arbiter of the Constitution, the Supreme Court occupies a central place in our scheme of government., The union leaders declared that the ultimate aim of their struggle was to pay increase and improved working conditions for the workers. (2 ),: That was his ultimate goal in life. : ultimately ad. : conclusive, eventual, terminal,, conclusive,, : He made a conclusive report on the investigation of the accident. eventual, : The eventual success deserves his efforts. terminal : We have three terminal computers in our faculty in the first place :, ;, : They put the children s safety in the fir st place. Why are there so many road accidents recently in the first place?,? : a nice place to leave away from a place in the sun,, all over the place,,,

334 concentrate on/ upon : (1 ),( focus on / upon) : You should concentrate on your work. (2 ) ( ) ; : He can t see you now, he is concentrating on a meeting., : concentrate one s attention on/ upon 3. Wha t if : (1 ):: What if news is true?? You can t go now. What if I do?? : what if what will/ would be the result,, 4. cut down :,,, : We should cut down expenses. The soldier was cut down in the comba t. : cut across,, cut back ;,,, cut in cut out,, cut up, 5. at hand :,: When he write Englis h composition, he always keeps a dictionary at hand., : at first hand ; hand in hand, on the one hand,on the other hand, 1. I sigh inwardly as I watch yet another student,this one a ninth grader, struggle

335 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 331 with an advanced math problem that requires simple multiplication.(para. 1 ) :, 9,, : (1 )I sigh inwardly, as (2 )inwardly:, ; : a window opening flared inwardly He kept his lips closed with the expression of a man inwardly laughing., (3 )multiplication n., ;, multiplication factor/ constant [ ] ; ; 2. He mentally battles with 5 6, looks longingly at the off-limits calculator on the corner of my desk and finally guesses the answer : 35. ( Para. 1 ) : 5 6,, 35 : (1 ) 5 6 five times six ; :5 + 5 five plus five five and five; minus ; divided by (2 ) batt le with :, : He battled his way with all his power out of the crowd, searching for his son., (3 )off-limits ( ) ; ( ) 3. Having worked six years as an electrical engineer before switching to teaching, I often suggest to my students that they consider technical and scientific careers, but I m discouraged when I see an increasing number of kids who lack simple math skills.(para. 2 ) : 6,,, : (1 )having worked,, suggest, consider ( 2 ) switch to,, ( 3 ) discourage,, 4. Educators have many arguments in defense of calculators, but each one ignores

336 332 1 the reason that we teach math in the first place. ( Para. 3) :, : (1 )that, reason tha t why : the reason that non-violence is considered to be a virtue (2 ) in defense of,,, 5. By this I mean that students learn to think logically and rationally, to proceed from known information to desired information and to become competent with both numbers and ideas. (Para. 3 ) :,,, : (1 )4 to, 3 to, from,, learn (2 )logically ad., (3 ) rationally ad., 6. Having a calculator doesn t make it any easier for a student to decide how to attack a math problem. ( Para. 4) : : (1 ) having,, it, it, it is no use.../ it is no good.../ it is useless... ( 2 ) attack a problem solve a problem, settle down a problem attack?,

337 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 333, 9,, 5 6,,:35,,,,, ( 1),,, 6,, ;,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,?,,,,?

338 334 1,,,, ( 3),,?, ,,,,,,,,5,,?, ( 4 ),, :

339 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 335 (1),, ( ) ( ),, because, as, since, so, now tha t, if...then, the reason is that... Part. Vocabulary 1. You d better arrive in London at least two days before Christmas if you can, if not earlier, so as to be plenty of time for the Christmas Eve celebration. A. in C. at B. on D. with 2. The old Spanish shrine the 4th century. A. is believed dating back to B. believed to date back to C. is believed to da te back to D. is believed to have dated back 3. she fir st heard of the man referred to as a s pecialist. A. That was from Stephen B. It was Stephen whom C. It was from Stephen that D. It was Stephen that 4. The scholar standing over there is the great mathematician, Chen Jingren himself. A. no other but C. none other than B. no other than D. no one but

340 Let s take a walk before we start to study. Oh, l think it s walking. A. much too hot C. too much heat 6. John s record was on the team. A. not so good as all the players B. not so good as any other player s C. not so good as any player s B. very much hot D. too much hot D. not so good as that of any other player s. 7. In 1890 there were many American cities and towns where part of a day s school instruction was conducted in languages English. A. more than B. less than C. other than D. except for 8. Would you be do it for me, please? A. kind enough C. kind as to B. so kind to D. so kind as to 9. Students today are writing of poetry. A. a great many lines C. lots lines B. quantities of line D. a large number 10. Once the question is put, we know try to obtain the answer. A. so proceed in direction to B. where direction procced for ward to C. in which direction to proceed D. which direction proceed toward 11. He applied three times he was finally admitted to the university. A. before B. until C. w hen D. whereas 12. Anyone who wants to can call any timepiece a clock, but technically speaking, only ones ring out the time actually deserve the name. A. whichever B. however C. w henever D. wherever 13. Mary showed no signs of emotion till s he reached home, s he broke down completely. A. as B. w hen C. after D. because 14. Political scientists and observers of the presidential campaigns are yet uncer- for

341 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 337 tain will win the presidential election. A. as to which candidate C. that who B. about whom D. of whoever 15. They have to consider what to do in situations there are many people involved. A. if B. that C. w hen D. where 16. U nless economic conditions improve next year, wide spread unrest in the United States. A. there would be C. there s hould be B. there is D. there will be 17. It wasn t s uch a good dinner she had promised us. A. that B. w hich C. as D. what 18. Almost one-third of Alas ka in forest-covered, contains the two largest national forests in the U nited Sta tes. A. in the state C. in which the state B. when the state D. and the state 19. left before the deadline, it doesn t seem likely that John will accomplish the job. A. Although s uch a short time B. It is such a short time C. With so short time D. With such a short time 20. you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me? A. For B. Since C. Because D. Even if Part. Cloze For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letter s, reports, t rad e publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines : a never-ending flood of words. In 1 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 2 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is tha t most of us are 3 readers. Most of us develop poor reading 4 at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency 5 in the actual stuff of

342 338 1 language itself words. Taken individually, words have 6 meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. 7, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 8 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over 9 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. A nother habit which 10 down the speed of reading is vocalization sounding each word eithe r orally or mentally as 11 reads. T o ove rcome these bad ha bits, some reading clinics use a d evice called an 12, w hich moves a ba r ( or cur tain ) down th e page a t a predeter mined s peed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 13 the reader finds comfortable, in order to stretch him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 14 word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically im possib le. At first 15 is sac rificed for speed. But w hen you learn to read ideas and concepts,you will not only read faster, 16 your comprehension will improve. Many people have found 17 rea ding skill drastically improved after some training. 18 Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 19 the training, now it is an excellent 1, 378 words a minute. H e is delighted that how he can 20 a lot more reading material in a short period of time. 1. A. applying B. doing C. offering D. getting 2. A. quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly 3. A. good B. curious C. poor D. urgent 4. A. training B. habits C. situa tions D. custom 5. A. lies B. combines C. touches D. involves 6. A. some B. lot C. little D. dull 7. A. Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. U nfortuna tely 8. A. reuse B. reread C. rewrite D. recite 9. A. what B. w hich C. that D. if 10. A. scales B. cuts C. slows D. measures 11. A. some one B. one C. he D. reader 12. A. accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer 13. A. then B. as C. beyond D. than

343 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems A. enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating 15. A. meaning B. comprehension C. gist D. regression 16. A. but B. nor C. or D. for 17. A. our B. your C. their D. such a 18. A. Look at B. T ake C. Make D. Consider 19. A. for B. in C. after D. before 20. A. master B. go over C. present D. get through Text A Comprehension Content Questions 1. Why the author got the answer so quickly. 2. In a class of 60 seniors at a priva te college where he recently taught, not one student could w rite a short paper without miss spellings. 3. Because he didn t want to have to compete with Asians. His a ttitude suggests he is lazy and tired of study. 4. Planes will crash. Computer s will jam. Cars will break down. 5. A movie, or TV series, drama tizing just how difficul t it was for this country to get where it is and how easily it could all be lost. 6. When reading a book, The Wealth of Nations,he found it boring and fell asleep. 7. Because he can t read and write and can t get a job with a steady wages. H is children. 8. H e works as a clearer in a factory owned by the Japanese. 9. Because he has no useful skills. Machines built in Japan do all the complex work, and there is little manual work to be done. Without educa tion, without discipline,he cannot earn an adequate living wage. 10. There is gunfire all day and all night. People pay no a ttention to politics, and government offers no services to the working class. 11. He explains that when a man has no money, education can supply the human capital necessary to start to acquire financial capital. Hard work, education,

344 340 1 saving and discipline can do anything. 12. He gets to know the importance of hard work, education, saving and discipline. Vocabulary. 1.1 ) drive home. :, 2) idle. :, 3) is functioning. :, 4) search for. :, 5) scared. :, 6) handful. :, 7) luxury. : 2, 8) ability. :, 9) woke up. :, 10 10) slice. : 11) miracle. :, 12) has broken down. :, 13) was jammed. :,, 14) faculty. : ) humble. :, 2. 1) The cost of electricity is likely to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices. : 2) T he re h as been a decline in the nu mber of people borrowing from public libraries, but book sales are rising. :, 3) They made a suggestion at the meeting that an assistant be appointed to help Mr. Green. : 4) The local history group was astonished when they heard of a plan to build an

345 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 341 office building right next to the castle. :, 5) They has run out of water by the time they got to the camp. :, 3. 1 ) Highly complex in design, the engines cost too much to produce. We simply can t compete with other companies unless we improve our engine design and reduce that cost of production. (compete with, complex) :, 2) Philip was very upset to find it so hard to make a living by writing in the new count ry. He swore th at he would give up his w riting ca reer and t ry some other job. To his delight, he was much better off when he switched to teaching, and even had adequate money for a new car. ( swear, adequate, upset,better off, make a living) :,,,, 3) The other day my friend John and I paid a visit to the museum of fine arts in our city. The museum had recently acquired several original paintings by an American woman artist. Ignorant of art, I turned to John and asked how her works st ruck him. John replied t hat for him, her pain tings summed up t he restless spirit of America. ( ignorant, s um up, acquire) :,,,,,,. Words with Multiple Meanings 1. The young man made 5 an hour in his summer job. ( ) : 5 2. What made you change your mind? ( ) :?

346 I m sure Jason will make a good lawyer. ( ) : 4. The vet put something down the dog s throa t to make it vomit. ( ) :, 5. The story makes interesting reading. ( ) : 6. Five and five make ten. ( ) : On foot they can only make 20 miles a day.( ) : I don t think she ll ever make it to the top. ( ) :. Word Family 1. 1) developing: These drugs are effective in the developing stages of the disease. : 2) develop: As ch ildren develop, some of t he most im porta nt t hings t hey lea rn have to do with their sense of self. :, 3) development : The county government has taken various measures to encourage local econo mic development. : 4) develop : At school we re trying to teach young people to develop a sense of responsibility. :, 5) developing/ developed : A lot remains t o be done to narrow the wide gap between the developing and developed countries across the world. :, 2. 1 )amazed: Helen stared at the photograph with an amazed expression on her face. :, 2)amazes : It amazes me that she s got the energy for all those parties. :,

347 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems 343 3)amazingly :15 cars crashed into each other but amazingly no one was hurt. : 15,, 4)amazing :It s amazing to see these tiny children play the piano so beautifully. :, 5)amazement : Fans looked on in amazement as Robbins missed a third goal for the Norwich team. :, Structure 1. 1) With the help of a bank loan, we would be able to expand our business. 2) Without first-hand knowledge of the Middle East, you can hardly write an objective report about the situation in the area. 3) With support from the trade union, we should win the election, said Phil. 4) Without trying hard to build up a large vocabulary,you can t expect to gain a good command of the English language. 2. 1) While I admit that there are problems, I don t agree that they cannot be solved. 2) Stephen was so tired that he fell asleep while reading the news paper. 3) I spend two hours getting ready to go out while Jane is ready in ten minutes. 4) While she is a likeable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with. Comprehensive Exercises. Cloze ( A ) 1. decline 2. complex 3. idle 4. make a living by 5. accumulated 6. affect 7. function 8. faculties 9. ignorance 10. compete 11. wake up ( B ) 1. half. :, ; every half year 2. ever. : ever since, 3. during. : during, 4. when. : 5. from. :,

348 344 1 from 6. enough. : enough to be + ad. : He is tall enough to catch hold of apples in the tree., 7. since. : 8. and. :, and 9. marrying. : about, 10. about. : feel about, 11. none. :,,, 12. fire. :, fire 13. whom. : with, 14. writing. :, write a let ter 15. if. :, if 16. sound. :, : This idea sounds nice.. Translation This morning I heard an interesting piece of news over my portable radio : A man of 36 and his son of 10 at tend the same class competing with each other for high marks. The story goes/ It s like this: The man, Li Wei by name, was too idle to learn anything when young. With little education, wit h no useful skills, he could hardly earn an a dequate living wage. His life experiences drove home to him the point that he had to acquire knowledge before he was able to accumulate wealth. So Li Wei swore that he would go to school with his son, determined to learn. Text B Comprehension Check 1. d: 3 2. b: 4 3. b: 4, 4. c: 5,,,

349 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems b: 10, 5, 6. a:, Translation T ext B Language Practice 1. solve. :, 2. benefits. : 3. proceed. :, 4. confuse. :, 5. What if. :?? 6. focus. : 7. claims. : 8. at hand. :? 9. in the fir st place. :, 10. competent. : 11. essential. : 12. ultimate. :, 13. concentra te on. :, 14. Effective. : 15. contribute. :, Part. Vocabulary 1. A: in plenty of, ; with plenty of, B C,, A

350 C:date back to A is believed dating;b believed ; D is believed, C 3. C:, from StephenC 4. C. :none other than,, A, B no one but, C 5. A: too, much far, A 6. B: as... as A, any player s John C ; D any other player s that of,, B 7. C:other than 8. D: it is so + + as to + v. as to do sth. 9. A:B quantity C of; D A 10. C: know, in C 11. A: : before ; until, ; whereas,,, A 12. A: whichever, ( )C D, A 13. B: C D ; A as, as, :, B, B 14. A: as to ; whom who; C that, who, A 15. D: in situation,, situation where, in which

351 U nit 8 Coping with an Educational Problems D:unless,, A C ;, B, D 17. C:dinner,such, as, which, as promised 18. D: and D 19. D: with A although,, ; B, ;C time a,, D 20. B:,, since because, because, why since,,,, since A for,, Part. Cloze 1. D: apply for ; do offer, get ting( ) 2. A:, quickly easily ; roughly ; decidedly 3. C:, good reader,, poor reader poor reader, poor 4. B: habits training, ; situa tions ; custom 5. A:, combines ; touches ; involves, lies in, 6. C:, some

352 348 1 ; a lot ; dull lit tle, 7. D: fortunately ; in fact ; logically, ; unfortunately 8. B: ( ), reread reuse ; rewrite ; recite 9. A: look back over, you have just read, what 10. C: scales down ; cuts down ; measures down slow down, 11. B: you, one (,, ) you some one reader, he 12. A:,accelerator actor ; amplifier ;observer 13. D:faster than, 14. C:,, enable make possible ; lead ; indica te, making,, 15. B:, comprehension meaning, ;gist, ; regression 16. A: not only,,, but, nor,or for not only 17. C:, their 18. B: take for instance, :, 19. D:,before 20. D: :, master ; go over ;present,, ; get through,