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1 7 6 Vol. 7 No Journal of Food Safety and Quality Jun., 2016 许玉艳 1, 刘巧荣 * *, 付晓苹, 李强, 孟娣, 宋怿 (, ) 摘要 : (avermectins, AVMs), (abamectin, ABM), ABM,, ABM, (MRL), ABM, ABM, ABM, 关键词 : ; ; ; Toxicity effects of abamectin to aquatic animals and its residue detection methods XU Yu-Yan 1, LIU Qiao-Rong *, FU Xiao-Ping, LI Qiang, MENG Di, SONG Yi * (Quality and Standard Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing , China) ABSTRACT: Avermectins (AVMs) are macrocyclic lactones with broad spectrum and high activity, which are applied worldwide in agriculture and animal husbandry. Abamectin (ABM) is one of the most common active compounds, and has been widely used in aquaculture. However, ABM is toxic to aquatic animals, and can pose a risk to the aquatic environment especially when used irrationally in aquaculture. In this article, the research progress of toxicity effects of ABM to aquatic animals was reviewed, including the toxicity, the metabolic enrichment, the detection techniques and the maximum residue limit (MRL), etc. On this basis, it suggested that the toxic mechanism of abamectin to aquatic aninmals should be further investigated, and the effects of its metabolites combining with abamectin fate in environment should be paid more attention in further. It was expected to provide references for reasonable utilization of ABM in aquaculture and developing further related researches in future. KEY WORDS: abamectin; aquatic animal; toxicity effect; residue detection 基金项目 : 2014 (GJFP ) (CARS-49) Fund: Supported by National Project of Risk Assessment on the Aquatic Product Quality in 2014 (GJFP ) and Special Funds of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-49) * 通讯作者 :,, @qq.com;,, songyi@cafs.ac.cn *Corresponding author: LIU Qiao-Rong, Professor, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.150, Qingta Road, Fengtai district, Beijing , China @qq.com SONG Yi, Professor, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.150, Qingta Road, Fengtai district, Beijing , China. songyi@cafs.ac.cn

and its residue detection methods XU Yu-Yan 1, LIU Qiao-Rong *, FU Xiao-Ping, LI Qiang, MENG Di, SONG Yi * (Quality and Standard Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141,

2 引言 (avermectins, AVMs), (Strentomyces avermitilis), 8, A la A 2a B 1a B 2a 4, 80% ; A 1b A 2b B lb B 2b 4, 20% ;, avermectin B 1 AVMs (abamectin, ABM) (ivermectin, IVM) (doramectin, DOP) (emamectin, EMA) (, eprinomectin, EP) (moxidectin, MOX)(emamectin benzoate, MAAV) (selamectin, SEL), ABM IVM ABM B 1a ( 80%) B 1b ( 20%),, [1],, ABM,,, [2,3] ABM [2-4], ABM, ABM,,,,, [4] ABM ABM, 7.8 μg/l, 1~2 d ABM, [5,6],, / ABM, (DT 50 ) 2.4 d 6.4 d;, / ABM (DT 50 ) 87~91 d 230~312 d [7] Tišler [6] ABM, ABM ABM (MRL), 2 ABM 对水生动物的毒性效应 2.1 急性毒性作用 ABM 1, ABM, 96 h (LC 50 ) μg/l (96 h LC mg/l, ; 0.1 mg/l< 96 h LC mg/l, ; 1.0 mg/l<96 h LC mg/l, ; 96 h LC 50 >10.0 mg/l, ) [8], ABM, ABM ABM,, (Mysidopsis bahia), 96 h LC µg/l;, (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 96 h L C µg/l( 1) ABM [6] [7] [7] [21] ABM,, ABM 20%~29%, 96 h ABM 85%, ; ABM 96 h LC µg/l, EU (EC2001) ABM [6] ABM (Mysidopsis bahia), EPA(1970), ABM 96 h LC µg/l, 96 h LC µg/l [7], 1~21 d ABM,, 96 h LC 其他毒性 ABM Raftery [1] ABM, ABM,, [22] ABM, RT-PCR PCR γ- (GABA)A β 2 (ARβ 2 ) GABA (GAD) GBGA (GABA-T) ( ), ;, ARβ 2 a ARβ 2 b 2 mrna, ABM,, ABM (Oreochromis niloticus),, [23], [14], 3.2~5.6 μg/l ABM,,, ABM

8 μg/l, 1~2 d ABM, [5,6],, / ABM, (DT 50 ) 2.4 d 6.4 d;, / ABM (DT 50 ) 87~91 d 230~312 d [7] Tišler [6] ABM, ABM ABM (MRL), 2 ABM 对水生动物的毒性效应 2.

3 6, : 毒性作用机制探析 ABM GABA, GABA, GABA GABA, GABA,,,,, [1,24] (NCBI) 鳉鲀 GABA [25], GABA ABM, GABA A ; GABA, GABA [22] ABM,,, () ABM ( )( 1) 表 1 ABM 对水生动物的急性毒性作用 Table 1 Acute toxicity of ABM to aquatic animals 96 h LC 50 /(μg/l) Oncorhynchus mykiss 3.6 ECHA [7] Danio rerio ( 95%) 55.1 Tišler [6] Brachydanio rerio ( 99%) 66.3 [9] Brachydonio rerio 1.8% [10] Pimephales promelas 14.7 ECHA [7] Carassius auratus gibelio ( 98.1%) 60.0 [11] Carassius auratus gibelio ( 98.1%) 18 [11] Hypophthal michthys molitrix, ( 98.1%) 20 [11] Myxocyprinusasiaticus(Bleeker) ( 1%, ) [12] Ctenopharyngodonidllu 100 [13] Cyprinus carpio 42 ECHA [7] Cyprinus carpio (98%) [14] Cyprinus carpio ( 99.5%) 6.97 [15] Cyprinus carpio ( 99%) [16] 鮰 Ictalurus punctatus 24 ECHA [7] 鮰 Ietalurus punetaus ( 99.5%) [17] 鲌 Ancherythroculter nigrocauda 0.5%() 28 [18] Gambusia affinis ( 98.1%) 80 [11] 鳉 Cyprinodon variegatus 15 ECHA [7] Mysidopsis bahia 0.21 ECHA [7] Mysidopsis bahia ECHA [7] Penaeus duorarum 1.6 ECHA [7] Macrobrachium nipponensis ( 95.5%) 53.3 [19] Macrobrachium nipponense ( 98.1%) 520 [11] Hyriopsis cumingii 0.5% 4.44 [20] Eriocheir sinensis ( 98.1%) 250 [11] :

ABM to aquatic animals 96 h LC 50 /(μg/l) Oncorhynchus mykiss 3.6 ECHA [7] Danio rerio ( 95%) 55.1 Tišler [6] Brachydanio rerio ( 99%) 66.3 [9] Brachydonio rerio 1.8% 11.

4 ABM 在水生动物中的富集与代谢规律 ABM Vandenheuvel [26] ABM (BCF) 28 84, ABM [27] 0.5 µg/l ABM 20 d, ABM ABM [27,28], ABM,, [4] ABM,, (2~3 d ),,, [4], ABM [4], ABM,, ABM,, ABM, [2], ABM 528 h [29] 0.1 mg/kg ABM g, ABM 14 d 0.6 μg/kg [28] 45 g, ABM,, 19 d 4 水产品中 ABM 残留量的检测方法 AVMs (HPLC-UV)(HPLC-FLD) (LC-MS/MS), ABM IVM HPLC-FLD, 2 μg/kg, 4 μg/kg [30] HPLC-UV, ( ) ABM (λ 245 nm),, ABM, HPLC-UV [31] HPLC-FLD, ABM,,, HPLC-FLD ABM 2, HPLC-FLD,,, (LC-MS/MS), (APCI) (ESI) (TSI),, AVMs,,,,, LC-MS/MS AVMs ABM, HPLC-FLD LC-MS/MS μg/kg, LC-MS/MS,, AVMs, AVMs, [32] 5 ABM 在水生动物中的最大残留限量 (MRL) ABM [38], (WHO), ABM [39], ABM (MRL) ABM MRL, : ABM MRL mg/kg, avermectin B 1a avermectin B 1b 8,9-Z-avermectin B 1a [40] MRL (FAO) (WHO)(ADI) FAO/WHO (JMPR) ABM, (NOAEL, 0.12 mg/kg bw d), (ADI, 0~0.002 mg/kg bw), MRL 0.1 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg [41] FAO/WHO (JECFA) ABM, MRL( 3),, JMPR MRLs JECFA MRLs, ABM, 8,9-Z-avermectin B 1a (ABM ), avermectin B 1a ( 7 d 50%), Avermectin B 1b ( 7d 5%) [42], JECFA avermectin B 1a ABM, ABM,, (CAC) (EFSA) ABM MRL ABM B 1a ( 3)

6 μg/kg [28] 45 g, ABM,, 19 d 4 水产品中 ABM 残留量的检测方法 AVMs (HPLC-UV)(HPLC-FLD) (LC-MS/MS), ABM IVM HPLC-FLD, 2 μg/kg, 4 μg/kg [30] HPLC-UV, ( ) ABM (λ 245 nm),, ABM, HPLC-UV [31] HPLC-FLD,

5 6, : 2285 Table 2 表 2 水生动物中 ABM 残留量的常用检测方法 Common methods used for detecting ABM residue in aquatic animals (LOD)/(μg/kg) ABM IVM MOX, N- DOR EP, ODS-3, HPLC-FLD 1.0 μg/kg 78.9%~106% [33] - (HPLC-FLD) 4 ABM,, (SPE), 1-,, HPLC-FLD :0.5 μg/kg, :1.0 μ /kg 52.4%~87.1% 34 ABM IVM, SPE, N-, HPLC-FLD ABM: 0.1 μg/kg, IVM: 0.2 μg/kg 78.8%~88.0% 35 (HPLC-MS-MS) ABM IVM EMA DOP EP ABM IVM EMA DOR C 18, - - (LC-APCI-MS/MS) ( 0.1% ), HPLC-MS/MS 10 μg/kg 80%~110% Noppe [36] ABM: 0.50 μg/kg, : 0.05~1.00 μg/kg 80%~95% Hernando [37] ABM, QuEChE S, UPLC-MS/MS 0.20 μg/kg 85%~120% [4] 表 3 世界组织和部分国家制定的 ABM 在动物性食品中的最大残留限量 (MRL) 及残留定义 Table 3 MRLs and the residue definitions of ABM in animal foods currently recommended by world organizations and some countries JMPR(1997) [41] JECFA (1996) [42] (2014) [43] (2014) [44] (2012) [45] (2002) [46] MRL(mg/kg) AVM B 1a, B 1b 8,9-Z-AVM B 1a, B 1b AVM B 1a AVM B 1a AVM B 1a AVM B 1a, AVM B 1b 8,9-Z-avermectin B 1a AVM B 1a :

0% 35 (HPLC-MS-MS) ABM IVM EMA DOP EP ABM IVM EMA DOR C 18, - - (LC-APCI-MS/MS) ( 0.1% ), HPLC-MS/MS 10 μg/kg 80%~110% Noppe [36] ABM: 0.50 μg/kg, : 0.05~1.

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8 [43] Codex Alimentarius Commission. CAC/MRL Maximum residue limits (mrls) and risk management recommendations (rmrs) for residues of 作者简介 veterinary drugs in foods [S]. Rome: CAC, [44] European Food Safety Authority. Reasined opinioon on the review of the existing maximun residue levels (MRLs) for abamectin according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 [J]. EFSA J, 2014,12(9):3823. 许玉艳, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全 xuyuyan@cafs.ac.cn [45] Suguru S, Clever J, Japan Proposes New MRLs for Abamectin and Other 5 agrochemicals [R/OL]. the Minister of Health Labour and Welfare: Tokyo,2012. [46]. 235 [S/OL]. :, 刘巧荣, 研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品质量认证与风险评估 @qq.com [47] Horvat AJM, Petrovic M, Babic S, et al. Analysis, occurrence and fate of anthelmintics and their transformation products in the environment [J]. Trends Anal Chem, 2012 (31): [48] European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Scientific Report (2008) 147 Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance abamectin [R]. Parma: EFSA, 宋怿, 研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全管理研究 songyi@cafs.ac.cn ( 责任编辑 : 金延秋 )

Reasined opinioon on the review of the existing maximun residue levels (MRLs) for abamectin according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 [J]. EFSA J, 2014,12(9):3823.

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<D2BDC1C6BDA1BFB5CDB6C8DAD7CAB8DFB7E5C2DBCCB3B2CEBBE1C3FBB5A52E786C7378> 参会人员名单 Last Name 姓名公司 Tel Fax Bai 柏煜康复之家 8610 8761 4189 8610 8761 4189 Bai 白威久禧道和股权投资管理 ( 天津 ) 有限公司 8610 6506 7108 8610 6506 7108 Bao 包景明通用技术集团投资管理有限公司 8610