Transcription

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 60, ,,, ,,,, ,,,, ;,, ,,, 1984,, ,, 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 3

10 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,?,,, 44171%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 01709, 52136% 1, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) % (, ) 4

11 ,, 40 50%,, 16162%,, 82100%, 30% ,,, 20%,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,, ; ;,, ;,,,,, ;,, , , , 50%,,,,,,,,, 60%, 40%, , , ,,, 16162%,,,,,,,,,, 82%,,,,,,, , , , , , , , 7 712, 13, 11248, , 014, 1314, 0189, 13189, , , , 21391, ; 9,

12 , ,,,,, 82% 28112%,,,,,,,, , , 13181,, 30%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6,,,,, , 13,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6, 2, ,,,, 13, 13,,,,, 6

13 ( ) , : ( ),,, ( 1740),,,,, : ( ) gλω, 24, gλξ :,, gλψ,,,, 6 7,,, :,, 30%,,,, : : : : : gλϖ : gλω : gλξ : gλψ : ( ) 7

14 , , ( 1890 ),,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 11 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 8

15 ,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( 1) ( 2), 679,,,,,,, ( 3), ( 4),, ( ), (5),,,,,,,,,,,, ( 6), 31 ( ), (?),,,, [ ],,,, 9

16 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ) ,, ,,,,,,,,, 41 ( ),,, 4,,, :,,,,,,,, (,,,, ),,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ) 10

17 , (1887),, ( 1889 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1893 ),, : 11,,,, ; 21,,, ; 31,,,,,, ; 41,,,,,,, ( 1893),,, ( 1894 ), : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1897),,,, ( 1898 ), ( 1899),,, (1902), ( ),,,,, ( ) ( 1904),,,,,,, ( 1910),, 11

18 ,,,, (1893),, ( 1910),,,,,,, ( 1894),,, (mm) (1894) (1894) (1899) ; ; (1900) (1909) ,, ( 1899),,,, 11, ( 1893),,,,,,, (1895),,,, ( 1894),,,,,, ( 1895 ), 21,,, ( 1896),,, 12

19 ( 1896 ),,,,,,,,,,, ( 1896), ( ),,, (1896) ( ) 31,, ( 1896 ),, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1896),,, ( 1896 ) 13

20 ,,,, ( ),,, ; ( ),,,,,,,, (1897) :, ( ),,, ( 1897),, ( 1896),,,, ( 1896 ),,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1896 ),,,,,,,,, ( 1896 ),, (1896),,, ( 1899 ),,,, 201, 135mm ;, ; : ; : ; 14

21 ,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1899),,, 15

22 ,, : ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, CH INA ) Number ( ) ; ( 7 Mace and 2 Can2 darneens ( 7 2 ) HU - PEH GOV2 ERNMENT M INT (, ),,,,,,, (1893), (1894), ( 1904 ), ( 1910 ),, ( 1896) (1899), ( 1896) (1899),,, (1897),,, ( 1899),, :, 33: 33;,, , 41: 41;, :, :,, , 53, 120, 35, 45, 45;,, 986, 120, 35 : ( ) 16

23 MA IN SUBJECT OF THIS ISSUE No1104 Profit Survey of Guangxi Baogui M int in Q ianlong Dynasty By Q iang W enxue & W ang Detai(4) Review on the H istorical Text of the S ilver D ollar M ade in Guangdong B yye Shichang (8) O n the S ilver D ollar M int of Hubei and Its Paper M oney B y Han Yuan, L i L i & Zhang Huoding ( 11) M r Zhang Zh idong, a s the gove rno r of Guangdong & Guangxi p rovince, once p re sented a m em o ria l reque sting in the 13 th yea r of Guangxu, to e s tab lish the Guangdong m int1 Thus m ade him be the pa thfinde r of Ch ine se m ode rn m ach ine - m ade s ilve r do lla r1 Two yea rs la te r, Zhang Zhidong wa s appo inted a s the Huguang gove rno r, and then founded Hube i silve r do lla r m in t, the second o ne in Ch ina1 B e s ide s ca sting the s ilve r do lla r broadly, Hube i s ilve r do lla r m in t a lso distribu ted the pap e r m oney1 Fo r the se pap e r m oney, ve ry few survived1 B a sed o n h isto rica l do cum ent, the pape r m ade a s tudy of the m int a s we ll a s its p ape r m o ney1 Survey on the Re - m ade Fake Coin in A ncient China B y Yang Jun ( 17) The s ta rting of Ep igraphy during Q ian lo ng & J iaqing p e riod lead to the flood o f counte rfe iting co ins1 Two m a jo r app roache s we re adop ted, seco nd - tim e sculp turing, and cutting - m ending1 Form at S tudy of the Xianfengdangshi Coin, B aosu M int, Q ing D ynasty B y W ang L iangen &W ang Q uan ( 26) U ndated Kw angtung O ne - Tael S ilver Coin B y Sun Hao ( 30) This is an extrem e ly ra re Kw ang tung p rovince unda ted 1 - tae l s ilve r co in, w ith an ancien t Chine se cha racte r shou which stand s fo r longevity on its reve rse1 It is a lleged tha t this p iece wa s struck in 1904 to ce leb ra te the 70 th b irthday of the Em p re ss Dow age r1 B ut an a rticle w ritten by the fo rm e r directo r of Tian jin m int who cla im ed tha t he saw the docum ent file a s w e ll a s the engraved wooden block s ta ted tha t it wa s p roduced in 1894 to ce lebra ted he r 60 th b irthday1 O n the W eight of the Han S ilver D ollar M ade by S ichuan M ilitary Pow er B y Kou Shangm in ( 35) The Han silve r do lla r, m ade by the S ichuan m ilita ry powe r la s t century, we igh ts o nly 2517g1 The p ape r gave us the rea son and his to rica l backgro und of this phenom enon1

24 ,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :, ;, ;, ;,, :,,,,,,,, ;, ;? ;,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,, :,, :, ; ; ;,, ;, ;,,, : 17

25 ,, :,, (, ), :,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gλϖ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1849 ), ( ),,,,,,,,, ; ( ),,,, ),,, 18

26 , gλω, :,,, ;,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gλξ : (, ), (, ),,,,,,,,,,,, gλψ,, gλζ,, gλ{,,,,,,,,,,,, gλ,,, :,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,!! gλ},,,,,, (, 1) gλ,,, gµυ : ( 2), gµϖ ( 3) gµω ;,, ;, ; ;,, ;, ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,, [,, ( 4), gµξ ( 5 ) gµψ ; ( 6 ), gµζ ( 7) gµ{ 19

27 , ( 8) gµ, ( 9 ) gµ} ],, ;, ;,, 20

28 21

29 ;,,, ; ( ),,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, gµ, gνυ, :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gνϖ : (, ),,, :,,, gνω :,,, gνξ 1924, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gνψ :,,,,, gνζ,,, gν{,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, X,,,,,,, gν, : 22

30 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ( ), ;,, ;,,,, ;,, ;, gν},, gν :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gου,, ( 10 ) gοϖ ( 11 ) gοω, ( 12) gοξ : ( ), (, ),, ( ),,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23

31 ,,,,,,, gοψ,,, 1921,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gοζ,,,,, :,,,,,,?!,?, (, ),, gο{, ( 13) gο :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gο} : gν gο}, :, (1929 ), [ ] :,, [ ] : ( ),, 1994, [ ] :, ( - - ), [ ] : ( ),, [ ] : ( ),,,,,,,,, gλϖ gλω gλξ gλψ gλζ gλ{ gλ [ ] :,,, gλ} gνξ gλ ( ),, 1982, 24

32 gµυ : ( ),,, 1988,, gµϖ [ ] :,, (1864 ),, gµω,, 1994, 447 gµξ gµζ [ ] :, ( ),, gµψ [ ] :,, 1996, gµ{ gµψ 1992, 532, gµ,,,, gµ} gµψ 1998, gµ gν} :,,, 1988,, gνυ gνϖ : ( ),,, 1988,, gνω :,, gνψ : ( ),,, 1988,, gνζ :, ( ),, 1982, ( ), gν{ gνζ gν gου [ ] : ( ),,, gοϖ gµξ 662 gοω,, 1994, 34 gοξ gοω 22 gοψ : ( ),,, 1988,, gοζ : ( ),,, 1988,, gο{ [ ] : ( ),, 1994, gο,,,, 1998, ( ) ( 77 ), ;,,,, ,, 3000, 1, 1,,,, 500,, ( ) 25

33 MA IN SUBJECT OF THIS ISSUE No1104 Profit Survey of Guangxi Baogui M int in Q ianlong Dynasty By Q iang W enxue & W ang Detai(4) Review on the H istorical Text of the S ilver D ollar M ade in Guangdong B yye Shichang (8) O n the S ilver D ollar M int of Hubei and Its Paper M oney B y Han Yuan, L i L i & Zhang Huoding ( 11) M r Zhang Zh idong, a s the gove rno r of Guangdong & Guangxi p rovince, once p re sented a m em o ria l reque sting in the 13 th yea r of Guangxu, to e s tab lish the Guangdong m int1 Thus m ade him be the pa thfinde r of Ch ine se m ode rn m ach ine - m ade s ilve r do lla r1 Two yea rs la te r, Zhang Zhidong wa s appo inted a s the Huguang gove rno r, and then founded Hube i silve r do lla r m in t, the second o ne in Ch ina1 B e s ide s ca sting the s ilve r do lla r broadly, Hube i s ilve r do lla r m in t a lso distribu ted the pap e r m oney1 Fo r the se pap e r m oney, ve ry few survived1 B a sed o n h isto rica l do cum ent, the pape r m ade a s tudy of the m int a s we ll a s its p ape r m o ney1 Survey on the Re - m ade Fake Coin in A ncient China B y Yang Jun ( 17) The s ta rting of Ep igraphy during Q ian lo ng & J iaqing p e riod lead to the flood o f counte rfe iting co ins1 Two m a jo r app roache s we re adop ted, seco nd - tim e sculp turing, and cutting - m ending1 Form at S tudy of the Xianfengdangshi Coin, B aosu M int, Q ing D ynasty B y W ang L iangen &W ang Q uan ( 26) U ndated Kw angtung O ne - Tael S ilver Coin B y Sun Hao ( 30) This is an extrem e ly ra re Kw ang tung p rovince unda ted 1 - tae l s ilve r co in, w ith an ancien t Chine se cha racte r shou which stand s fo r longevity on its reve rse1 It is a lleged tha t this p iece wa s struck in 1904 to ce leb ra te the 70 th b irthday of the Em p re ss Dow age r1 B ut an a rticle w ritten by the fo rm e r directo r of Tian jin m int who cla im ed tha t he saw the docum ent file a s w e ll a s the engraved wooden block s ta ted tha t it wa s p roduced in 1894 to ce lebra ted he r 60 th b irthday1 O n the W eight of the Han S ilver D ollar M ade by S ichuan M ilitary Pow er B y Kou Shangm in ( 35) The Han silve r do lla r, m ade by the S ichuan m ilita ry powe r la s t century, we igh ts o nly 2517g1 The p ape r gave us the rea son and his to rica l backgro und of this phenom enon1

34 , (1667), ( 1730) (1853) (1854), ( ), ( ), ( 1860),,,,,,,, 6 (1817g),,,, 015 1mm, ; 1mm ; mm, ; 1125mm,, 65 22,,,, 11 : 26

35 : ( 11),,,,,,, 21 : : ( 12),,,,, 22 40mm, 3212mm, 26g, 1119g,,,, 27

36 : mm1g

37 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :, 2004 :, 421, 1992 :, 27, 1995 :, ,, 1991 : ( ), , , ,,,,,,,, 32,, 133, 5000, 35,,, , 93,, , 95,, , 70,,, , 70 29

38 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :, 2004 :, 421, 1992 :, 27, 1995 :, ,, 1991 : ( ), , , ,,,,,,,, 32,, 133, 5000, 35,,, , 93,, , 95,, , 70,,, , 70 29

39 ,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1894) ( 1904 ) (1905),,,, ( ) ( ),, :, :,,, ;,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, (1894),,,,,,,,? 1866,,,,, ( ),, :,,,,, 30

40 ,,,, (,,,,,,,, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1894) :, ( ) ( 53 ),, , ( Kronental2,,,,,, er),, 100,,,,,,,, ,,,, 1856 ( 8 ), 1857,,,, (Vereinstaler),,, 1753 ( : ) 31

41 MA IN SUBJECT OF THIS ISSUE No1104 Profit Survey of Guangxi Baogui M int in Q ianlong Dynasty By Q iang W enxue & W ang Detai(4) Review on the H istorical Text of the S ilver D ollar M ade in Guangdong B yye Shichang (8) O n the S ilver D ollar M int of Hubei and Its Paper M oney B y Han Yuan, L i L i & Zhang Huoding ( 11) M r Zhang Zh idong, a s the gove rno r of Guangdong & Guangxi p rovince, once p re sented a m em o ria l reque sting in the 13 th yea r of Guangxu, to e s tab lish the Guangdong m int1 Thus m ade him be the pa thfinde r of Ch ine se m ode rn m ach ine - m ade s ilve r do lla r1 Two yea rs la te r, Zhang Zhidong wa s appo inted a s the Huguang gove rno r, and then founded Hube i silve r do lla r m in t, the second o ne in Ch ina1 B e s ide s ca sting the s ilve r do lla r broadly, Hube i s ilve r do lla r m in t a lso distribu ted the pap e r m oney1 Fo r the se pap e r m oney, ve ry few survived1 B a sed o n h isto rica l do cum ent, the pape r m ade a s tudy of the m int a s we ll a s its p ape r m o ney1 Survey on the Re - m ade Fake Coin in A ncient China B y Yang Jun ( 17) The s ta rting of Ep igraphy during Q ian lo ng & J iaqing p e riod lead to the flood o f counte rfe iting co ins1 Two m a jo r app roache s we re adop ted, seco nd - tim e sculp turing, and cutting - m ending1 Form at S tudy of the Xianfengdangshi Coin, B aosu M int, Q ing D ynasty B y W ang L iangen &W ang Q uan ( 26) U ndated Kw angtung O ne - Tael S ilver Coin B y Sun Hao ( 30) This is an extrem e ly ra re Kw ang tung p rovince unda ted 1 - tae l s ilve r co in, w ith an ancien t Chine se cha racte r shou which stand s fo r longevity on its reve rse1 It is a lleged tha t this p iece wa s struck in 1904 to ce leb ra te the 70 th b irthday of the Em p re ss Dow age r1 B ut an a rticle w ritten by the fo rm e r directo r of Tian jin m int who cla im ed tha t he saw the docum ent file a s w e ll a s the engraved wooden block s ta ted tha t it wa s p roduced in 1894 to ce lebra ted he r 60 th b irthday1 O n the W eight of the Han S ilver D ollar M ade by S ichuan M ilitary Pow er B y Kou Shangm in ( 35) The Han silve r do lla r, m ade by the S ichuan m ilita ry powe r la s t century, we igh ts o nly 2517g1 The p ape r gave us the rea son and his to rica l backgro und of this phenom enon1

42

43 2000 2,,, ( 1) (, ) :,,, ;,,, ( )??,,,,, :, ;,,,,, ; 1886, (1885),,,,, ( ) ( ) ( 1905 ),, 1985,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :,,,,,,,, 32

44 ( ) 33

45 ,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,, ( ), 82,,,,, ( 1860),,,,, ( 1864),,, 14 (1871) ( 1872 ),, (1875),, (1885),,,,,,,, 6, 440,, 80, 80 (1897), 6 440, 160,,, ( 1909 ),, 30,, ( 1), : ( ) ; (, ; (, 1900 ) 1897 ) ( ) ; ; (, 1899),, ( ) 34

46 ,, 2617g, 2517g, , 12,,,,, 1912, ,, 01 01? : 97%, 3%, :,, :, ( g),, , 10115,,,, 01 :, ( ), ; ; ; : : 35191g 35184g 36105g,, 2516g ( ) = (, ) ) ) 0172 ( ) = g ( ) = ( 0172 ( ) = g ( ) = ( 0172 ( ) = g,,,, 35

47 ,,,,,, 4,,,, 1949,,, 1953,, : : :,, : ,,,, 200, 180, : : :,,, (1),, ( ) (2),? : ; :,, ( ) ( ) , ( ),, 32, ;,, ;,,,, ( ) 36

48 MA IN SUBJECT OF THIS ISSUE No1104 Profit Survey of Guangxi Baogui M int in Q ianlong Dynasty By Q iang W enxue & W ang Detai(4) Review on the H istorical Text of the S ilver D ollar M ade in Guangdong B yye Shichang (8) O n the S ilver D ollar M int of Hubei and Its Paper M oney B y Han Yuan, L i L i & Zhang Huoding ( 11) M r Zhang Zh idong, a s the gove rno r of Guangdong & Guangxi p rovince, once p re sented a m em o ria l reque sting in the 13 th yea r of Guangxu, to e s tab lish the Guangdong m int1 Thus m ade him be the pa thfinde r of Ch ine se m ode rn m ach ine - m ade s ilve r do lla r1 Two yea rs la te r, Zhang Zhidong wa s appo inted a s the Huguang gove rno r, and then founded Hube i silve r do lla r m in t, the second o ne in Ch ina1 B e s ide s ca sting the s ilve r do lla r broadly, Hube i s ilve r do lla r m in t a lso distribu ted the pap e r m oney1 Fo r the se pap e r m oney, ve ry few survived1 B a sed o n h isto rica l do cum ent, the pape r m ade a s tudy of the m int a s we ll a s its p ape r m o ney1 Survey on the Re - m ade Fake Coin in A ncient China B y Yang Jun ( 17) The s ta rting of Ep igraphy during Q ian lo ng & J iaqing p e riod lead to the flood o f counte rfe iting co ins1 Two m a jo r app roache s we re adop ted, seco nd - tim e sculp turing, and cutting - m ending1 Form at S tudy of the Xianfengdangshi Coin, B aosu M int, Q ing D ynasty B y W ang L iangen &W ang Q uan ( 26) U ndated Kw angtung O ne - Tael S ilver Coin B y Sun Hao ( 30) This is an extrem e ly ra re Kw ang tung p rovince unda ted 1 - tae l s ilve r co in, w ith an ancien t Chine se cha racte r shou which stand s fo r longevity on its reve rse1 It is a lleged tha t this p iece wa s struck in 1904 to ce leb ra te the 70 th b irthday of the Em p re ss Dow age r1 B ut an a rticle w ritten by the fo rm e r directo r of Tian jin m int who cla im ed tha t he saw the docum ent file a s w e ll a s the engraved wooden block s ta ted tha t it wa s p roduced in 1894 to ce lebra ted he r 60 th b irthday1 O n the W eight of the Han S ilver D ollar M ade by S ichuan M ilitary Pow er B y Kou Shangm in ( 35) The Han silve r do lla r, m ade by the S ichuan m ilita ry powe r la s t century, we igh ts o nly 2517g1 The p ape r gave us the rea son and his to rica l backgro und of this phenom enon1

49 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , , 23% 3117% , 24% 26%,, ,,, 1291,,,,,,,,,,,, 300, 150, 1924,,,,, 14, 625, 50, 11 ; 25 3,,, 1932,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 37

50 ,,,,, 1926,,,,, gν,,,, 20 30,, :,,,,,,, 3,, 8 54,,, : 38

51 39

52 , , , / /

53 , CK 1934 : 1930, ( ) ; , : , : , : Q ,,, 1934,,,, :, :,, 12 12, :,, 2005, 54 65, Q Q ,, 8 18, :,, 2005, : S gλϖ SC gλω H gλω H gλξ gλψ gµϖ gµω gµ{ gµ gνυ gνϖ gνωhs gνψhn gν{ gν gν gου gοω gο{ TN B H N : ( ) 41

54 B ank of China B anknotes and Its Secret M arks w ith Shanghai Place N am es B y D ong X in ( 37) Am ong the bankno te s is sued during the republic China pe riod, sec re t m a rks po sed a s a specia l num ism a tic fea ture1 Som e banks w ith no right to issue bankno te a long w ith som e m oney shop s pa id ce rta in am ount of m oney to the p rom inent bank fo r bo rrow ing som e bankno te s a s the ir own1 In o rde r to dis tingu ish the ir iden tifica tion, each bank had its ow n sec re t m a rks p rinted on the bankno te s1 Mo s t of them cho se the Shangha i p lace nam e s a s the sec re t m a rks1 The autho r s tud ied the bankno te w ith sec re t m a rks from a qu ite inte re s ting po in t of view1 S tory of the Changm ingba isui Fandia iguo Folk Coin M ade in X injiang B y W ang D ong ( 42) Follow ing the Footp rint of RM B in Taihang M ountain B y L iu Zhiliang & Tian Q iup ing ( 45) O n Sep tem be r 2008, 3 p iece s of d iffe rent size, w ith b reakage tria l bankno te s cam e into exis tence in L i Cheng & P ing Shun, Changzhi county, Shanxi p ro vince1 Due to the inscrip tions on them, i1e1 The Peop leπs B ank of China, 20 Yuan, and The two autho rs m ade an academ ic vis it to th is a rea, whe re po sed a lso a s the adm inis tra tive p lace of the B ank of J inan1 B rief H istory of Convention Taler B y Yang Chongzhe ( 49) Ta le r w a s the nam e o f the la rge sca le s ilve r co ins p ro duced and circu la ted in Deutsche and centra l Europ e du ring the la te pe riod of 15 th century1 The pape r m ade a gene ra l s tudy o f this co ins1 Evolvem ent of the M int M ark on Russian Coins from 1921 to D ate B y L u Guocai(54) The pape r in troduced the Russian comm em o ra tive co in s from 1921 to da te, including the p recious m e ta l and regula r m e ta l co ins and the m int m a rk on them 1 Ta inanguanyinp iao and Its H istory B y Yao Shuom in ( 58)

55 1999,,,, 1936 ( ),,,, 2815, 4, 1, 3mm, 3g : 8, 9 8mm 116 4mm, :, 115 2mm, ,,,,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,, ( ) : ( ) 9919%, 1917, 42

56 ,, 1930,, ( ) ( ) 6,, , ,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ; , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 25, ,, 8,,,,,, , ( ) ,, ; ;,,,, 43

57 , (,,,, 1920,,,,, ( ), (,, ( ),,,,, ( ), 2003,, 2001 ) ( ) 20, , ( ) : 1944, ),,, ,,,,, ( : ) ,,, 60,,,,,,, 44

58 2008 9,,, 1949,,,,, 60 60,,,,, 60, ,,, , 3,, ,, ( ),, 1, 2 ),,,,, 1949,,, mm,,,,, ,,, 3,,,,, , 1949,, 20,,, (, , 45

59 , 1948,,, ( 3), 1948,,,, 1948,,, 12 1,,,,,, , 1948, 1949 : ,,,,,, :,,,,,, , ,,, 98,,,,,,,,,,, 46

60 ,,,,,, :,,,,,,, : 1939,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 58,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,, 200,,, : 1945,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,,,,, 20,,,?,,??, 47

61 ,,, 15,,,,, : ,,,,,, ,, 10 :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80, ( ),,,, ; 16, 76, 20, 1966,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 1993 ( ) 48

62 B ank of China B anknotes and Its Secret M arks w ith Shanghai Place N am es B y D ong X in ( 37) Am ong the bankno te s is sued during the republic China pe riod, sec re t m a rks po sed a s a specia l num ism a tic fea ture1 Som e banks w ith no right to issue bankno te a long w ith som e m oney shop s pa id ce rta in am ount of m oney to the p rom inent bank fo r bo rrow ing som e bankno te s a s the ir own1 In o rde r to dis tingu ish the ir iden tifica tion, each bank had its ow n sec re t m a rks p rinted on the bankno te s1 Mo s t of them cho se the Shangha i p lace nam e s a s the sec re t m a rks1 The autho r s tud ied the bankno te w ith sec re t m a rks from a qu ite inte re s ting po in t of view1 S tory of the Changm ingba isui Fandia iguo Folk Coin M ade in X injiang B y W ang D ong ( 42) Follow ing the Footp rint of RM B in Taihang M ountain B y L iu Zhiliang & Tian Q iup ing ( 45) O n Sep tem be r 2008, 3 p iece s of d iffe rent size, w ith b reakage tria l bankno te s cam e into exis tence in L i Cheng & P ing Shun, Changzhi county, Shanxi p ro vince1 Due to the inscrip tions on them, i1e1 The Peop leπs B ank of China, 20 Yuan, and The two autho rs m ade an academ ic vis it to th is a rea, whe re po sed a lso a s the adm inis tra tive p lace of the B ank of J inan1 B rief H istory of Convention Taler B y Yang Chongzhe ( 49) Ta le r w a s the nam e o f the la rge sca le s ilve r co ins p ro duced and circu la ted in Deutsche and centra l Europ e du ring the la te pe riod of 15 th century1 The pape r m ade a gene ra l s tudy o f this co ins1 Evolvem ent of the M int M ark on Russian Coins from 1921 to D ate B y L u Guocai(54) The pape r in troduced the Russian comm em o ra tive co in s from 1921 to da te, including the p recious m e ta l and regula r m e ta l co ins and the m int m a rk on them 1 Ta inanguanyinp iao and Its H istory B y Yao Shuom in ( 58)

63

64 ( Taler), ,, 1753,, , -,,, ,,,,,, 1566, 17,,,, 17,, , 17,, 1 /3 2 /3, ,,,,,, ( 1),, 1740,,,, 1733, 1738,,, , , 28106g, , 14, 49

65 (Reichstaler),, 11 7, 10, 28114g, 832, 1 ( g), (1751 ) X, 10 ( 2), , (Nachbarli2 che Einverstgndnus zwischen dem Erz - Hau Oesterreich und Chur - Baiern in M nz - Sa2 chen),,, g, 13-1 /3, 833, 1753, (Convention Taler [ ] Konventionstaler [ ] ) 1753, 3 17,, 17, ,, ,, ( ) -,, 1 1 /2 1 /4 1 /6 1 /12 ( 1),, ( Kreuzer) ( ) / /3 (833) 1 /2 ( = 1 ) 16-2 / /3 (833) 1 /4 ( = 30 ) 33-1 / /3 (833) 1 /6 ( = 20 ) /3 (583) 1 /12 ( = 10 ) (500) / /3 (986) 3 (Lot), 1 1 /16, 6125%, % ( Karat), 24, 1, 20%, 144,, 1 120, , ( 150 -, , 50

66 ), , , 9 20,, ( Speziestaler), ( Rechnungstaler),,,, 1 90, 108, 1 = 4 /3, 10 = 13-1 /3, 60,, 60, 1 20 = 1440 = 24,, 24 ( 2) ( ) 144 r1kr r1kr1 108 r1kr1 60 r1kr1 20 ( ) 120 Kr1 60 Kr1 90 Kr1 60 Kr1 3 r1kr1 24, Kr ,, X E INE FE INE MARK,,, ZEHN ( ) X, MARCK, X1 E1 F1 M1 1 /2 XX E INE FE INE MARK ( ) 30, AD NORMAM CONVENTION IS,, 1 1 /2,,, X E INE FE INE MARK AD NORMAM CONV2 ENTION IS,,,,, ( 3), 30 :,, : /4 (30 ), 1740, 30,, - 60, 20, 30 20,, 51

67 20, ( 4) 20 30, 20 2, 30,, 20,, ( ) 30, 20 3 : /64 5 1, 20 10, 1,, 1 /2 30, (1765) (1763 /64) / , 18,,, 17 18,, ,, (, ), 50,, , -, -, ( G nzburg), AD NORMAM CONVENT, 1767, ( 5) ,, , 20, 52

68 1765 -,,, 17, -,, (Lgwentaler),, 1766,,, , 1768, -,, ( 6),, , ZEHN E INE FE INE MARK, 5, 1, 1 ( Carolin dπor),, 1,, ( Flussgolddukaten), 3149g, 937 EX AURO IS2 ARAE /O IN I /DANUB II, / / ( 7) 4,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) / ,,,,,,,,, ( 31 ) 53

69 ,,,, (,,,,,,,, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1894) :, ( ) ( 53 ),, , ( Kronental2,,,,,, er),, 100,,,,,,,, ,,,, 1856 ( 8 ), 1857,,,, (Vereinstaler),,, 1753 ( : ) 31

70 B ank of China B anknotes and Its Secret M arks w ith Shanghai Place N am es B y D ong X in ( 37) Am ong the bankno te s is sued during the republic China pe riod, sec re t m a rks po sed a s a specia l num ism a tic fea ture1 Som e banks w ith no right to issue bankno te a long w ith som e m oney shop s pa id ce rta in am ount of m oney to the p rom inent bank fo r bo rrow ing som e bankno te s a s the ir own1 In o rde r to dis tingu ish the ir iden tifica tion, each bank had its ow n sec re t m a rks p rinted on the bankno te s1 Mo s t of them cho se the Shangha i p lace nam e s a s the sec re t m a rks1 The autho r s tud ied the bankno te w ith sec re t m a rks from a qu ite inte re s ting po in t of view1 S tory of the Changm ingba isui Fandia iguo Folk Coin M ade in X injiang B y W ang D ong ( 42) Follow ing the Footp rint of RM B in Taihang M ountain B y L iu Zhiliang & Tian Q iup ing ( 45) O n Sep tem be r 2008, 3 p iece s of d iffe rent size, w ith b reakage tria l bankno te s cam e into exis tence in L i Cheng & P ing Shun, Changzhi county, Shanxi p ro vince1 Due to the inscrip tions on them, i1e1 The Peop leπs B ank of China, 20 Yuan, and The two autho rs m ade an academ ic vis it to th is a rea, whe re po sed a lso a s the adm inis tra tive p lace of the B ank of J inan1 B rief H istory of Convention Taler B y Yang Chongzhe ( 49) Ta le r w a s the nam e o f the la rge sca le s ilve r co ins p ro duced and circu la ted in Deutsche and centra l Europ e du ring the la te pe riod of 15 th century1 The pape r m ade a gene ra l s tudy o f this co ins1 Evolvem ent of the M int M ark on Russian Coins from 1921 to D ate B y L u Guocai(54) The pape r in troduced the Russian comm em o ra tive co in s from 1921 to da te, including the p recious m e ta l and regula r m e ta l co ins and the m int m a rk on them 1 Ta inanguanyinp iao and Its H istory B y Yao Shuom in ( 58)

71

72

73 , 1921, ( ), 1927, , 1 ( 10 ) ,, ,, ,,,,, 1998,,,, 1992,, ( 22 (, 1000 ) 500,, ( ), ( ),,,,, ),,, , ( ),, , ,,,,,,,, 1998,,,

74 ,,,,,, ,, ,,,, , ,, (, ), ( ),, 1 3 5, 1991, 5, 1991,, ,, 1998,,,, ( ), 1 3 5,,,, , 100,,,, ( ),, 1923, ,,,,,, 2,,,,,, , , ;,,, ;, 50,,, , 10,

75 50,,,, , 1, ( ) ( ) , 2,,,, ,,, ,,, : , ,, 10 (, 50 ; ) 10, 1 (,, , ), 1992, 10, , ,,,,, , ,, ; 10, , ( ) ,,, , ( ),,, 1997, ,,,,

76 (2002, ),,, 1997, ( ) ( ) ( ) 57

77 B ank of China B anknotes and Its Secret M arks w ith Shanghai Place N am es B y D ong X in ( 37) Am ong the bankno te s is sued during the republic China pe riod, sec re t m a rks po sed a s a specia l num ism a tic fea ture1 Som e banks w ith no right to issue bankno te a long w ith som e m oney shop s pa id ce rta in am ount of m oney to the p rom inent bank fo r bo rrow ing som e bankno te s a s the ir own1 In o rde r to dis tingu ish the ir iden tifica tion, each bank had its ow n sec re t m a rks p rinted on the bankno te s1 Mo s t of them cho se the Shangha i p lace nam e s a s the sec re t m a rks1 The autho r s tud ied the bankno te w ith sec re t m a rks from a qu ite inte re s ting po in t of view1 S tory of the Changm ingba isui Fandia iguo Folk Coin M ade in X injiang B y W ang D ong ( 42) Follow ing the Footp rint of RM B in Taihang M ountain B y L iu Zhiliang & Tian Q iup ing ( 45) O n Sep tem be r 2008, 3 p iece s of d iffe rent size, w ith b reakage tria l bankno te s cam e into exis tence in L i Cheng & P ing Shun, Changzhi county, Shanxi p ro vince1 Due to the inscrip tions on them, i1e1 The Peop leπs B ank of China, 20 Yuan, and The two autho rs m ade an academ ic vis it to th is a rea, whe re po sed a lso a s the adm inis tra tive p lace of the B ank of J inan1 B rief H istory of Convention Taler B y Yang Chongzhe ( 49) Ta le r w a s the nam e o f the la rge sca le s ilve r co ins p ro duced and circu la ted in Deutsche and centra l Europ e du ring the la te pe riod of 15 th century1 The pape r m ade a gene ra l s tudy o f this co ins1 Evolvem ent of the M int M ark on Russian Coins from 1921 to D ate B y L u Guocai(54) The pape r in troduced the Russian comm em o ra tive co in s from 1921 to da te, including the p recious m e ta l and regula r m e ta l co ins and the m int m a rk on them 1 Ta inanguanyinp iao and Its H istory B y Yao Shuom in ( 58)

78 2008 3, ( ),,,,,, 1894 ( ),,,, (1895 ),,,,, (,,,,, ),, (,,, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,, (,,, ), 40,,,,, :,,, (, ),, ( ),,,,,, 58

79 ,,,, (1895),,,,,,,, (, ) 6,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 10 ),,, 1945,,, 80,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1887),,,,,,,,,,, 59

80 ,, :,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,?,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ,,,,, 50,, ( ) 60

81 2007,, ( ), ( ), 1912,,, : ,,, 2 2,, 2 24, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 9,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5, 61

82 1913 1,,, : , ;, ,,, : , 1 3, 2 15,, 2 20, 3 10, 4 3,, 1913, 10 6, 10 7, 10, , 7, , 7 30,, ,,, ,,,, ,,, , ,, , 1917 ( Giuseppe Ros), 3 6-8,,,,,, THE REPUBL IC OF CH INA ONE DOLLAR, 39mm, 2618g, ( 1 ) 8,, H, ,, 39mm, 2618g, ( 2 ) 7 ( 1 ) OE OF OE ( 3), 6 (2) II H II ( 4), : CH INA H 62

83 , 7, 6, ,, 2,, 1912 ( ) 10,,, , , , S1C1,, : :,

84 , ;, 300,, S1C1 300 OE,, S1C1 S1C1, 304,, S1C ,, OE, OF,, : , OE OF OF OE OF 1912 ( ) 10, , ,, ( ), ( ),,, 5 10 ( ) 3 6, 8 5 9,,, 25, , : : 383, 1991 : 5-6, 1986 : 409, 1991 :, 400 : 1995 ; :,, 1978 :, 400 : , XL , 1998 ( ) 64

85 ,, ,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,, ,,,,,,, ,,,, ;,,,, 22,,,, ,,,,, 18, 1, 350,, ( ),,, 65

86 , 50,,, 1926,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, , 24 11,, 392, 525 7, 1 8, ,, 10, 150, ; 252, 111, 2,,,,, 66

87 , 11,,, ;,,, ;,,,, ;,,, ;,,?,, 41?,,,,,,,, ;, ;, 21,,? 1987,,,, 1934, ;?,,,,, ;,,,,, 31 67

88 51,,,,,,,,,,,, 61,,,,,,,,, 11, 21,,,,, 31, 41,, 11,,,,,,,,,, 21,,,,,,,,,, ;, ( ) 68

89 ,,,,,,,, 1992,,,,,,,,,, , 32 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 69

90 ,,,,, , ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,, ( ) 60, ,,,,, 20,, ( ) ( ) ( ) 9, 360, : (010) (010) :, 28 ;, 16,, 70

91 , 1900, 17, 26,, , ( ),, 1959, (1996 ),,,,, ,, :,, ;, ;,, ,,,,, ;,, 1953,,,,,,, ,, 1959,, 1964,,,,,, 1968,,,,,, 71

92 ,,,,, , , 1991,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, : 11 : 1992,,, 21 :,,, :,, ( ) , 30 3, 2, 1, 1 /4, 1 /4, 22mm, 100, 9919%,, /4, 5, 60mm, 2 000,, 9919%, , 1, 5 40mm, 10, 9919%,, , 1 72

93 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 40,,,,,,, 1940,, 20 30,,,, 1945,, 80,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,, 90,,, 73

94 90,,, ,, 4,,, 2000,, : 80, 90,,, ,,,,,, 2002,,,, 1999,, 3, 14, 9,,,, : 11,, 5,, 50 ( ), 600,, 50, 2007, ( 12% ) ; 2007, ( 12% ), ( 2, ),,,, 21,,,,,,, 74

95 ,,,, :,,,, 31,,, :!,,, 3 4,,,,,, 2006,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 41,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ) (,, ) ( ),,,,,,,, 75

96 ,,, 13, :,,, , 1 5, 1 5, 15 30,, ( ),,, 500, 3 (, ),,,,, ( ), 300 3, 1! 8,, 3000, 10,, : ,,,, 3,,, 3,,,,,,,,, 2 5,,,,,, 2, , , :, 6000!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8,, 3,, 76

97 20,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, :,,,, 10, 1, 5, 50 : 1 ( ) 15 ( 3 ) 2000 ( 40 ), 2000, 2!, 2000,,,, , , 2008,,, 300,, 300, , , 20% ,, 10,,, 1909, , : ,,,,,, :,!,,,,,,,?, ( 25 ) 77

98 gµυ : ( ),,, 1988,, gµϖ [ ] :,, (1864 ),, gµω,, 1994, 447 gµξ gµζ [ ] :, ( ),, gµψ [ ] :,, 1996, gµ{ gµψ 1992, 532, gµ,,,, gµ} gµψ 1998, gµ gν} :,,, 1988,, gνυ gνϖ : ( ),,, 1988,, gνω :,, gνψ : ( ),,, 1988,, gνζ :, ( ),, 1982, ( ), gν{ gνζ gν gου [ ] : ( ),,, gοϖ gµξ 662 gοω,, 1994, 34 gοξ gοω 22 gοψ : ( ),,, 1988,, gοζ : ( ),,, 1988,, gο{ [ ] : ( ),, 1994, gο,,,, 1998, ( ) ( 77 ), ;,,,, ,, 3000, 1, 1,,,, 500,, ( ) 25

99 2009 ( ) ( ) ( ) 13, 7, 6, 1 /10 1 /10 1 / , 40mm, 10, 1 /2 1,, ( ), ( ) 1 /10, 1 /10, 18mm, 50, 9919%, ( ) 1, 1, 40mm, 10, 9919%, ( ) 1 /10, 1 /10, 18mm, 50, 9919%, ( ) 1, 1, 40mm, 10, 9919%, ( ) 1 /2, 1 /2, 58, 39mm, 30, 200, 9919%, ( ) 1, 1, 85, 60mm, 30, 10, 9919%, ( ) 1 /2, 1 /2, 27mm, 200, 9919%, ( ) 1,, 9919%, ( ) 5, 5, 64 40mm, 2 000, 9919%, 118 ( ) 5, 5, 80 50mm, 50, ( ) 1, 1, 100mm, , 9919%, 118 ( ) 1, 1, 100mm, 300, 9919%, ( ) 10, 10, 180mm, , 9919%, 18, 78

100