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割肥阮
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2 貿易及投資要合乎道德已變成商業機構持份者最為關注的課題之一你的公司作好準備了嗎商界創造職位讓發展中國家的人民有機會自己脫貧因此對滅貧工作舉足輕重樂施會深信改進勞工標準有助促進營業額供應鏈的生產力以及工人招募也減低員工的流失消費者的需求在急劇轉變之中在上世紀90年代大眾對血汗工廠型勞工模式的唾棄已發展成更為廣泛的意識關注我們的食品衣服及其他產品究竟是如何製造的更重要的是消費者以自己的錢包投票去年公平貿易產品在英國的營業額已達8億英鎊商業機構的持份者包括消費者僱員投資者以及更廣泛的社會各界均在改變本身對企業社會責任的期望可持續綠色及合乎道德迅即已變成理所當然的要求而不再是少數道德倡導者的獨特賣點然而供應鏈怎樣才算是好這不像碳足印那樣有簡單的量度標準又或有一份廣為大眾接受工具的清單可供使用不過走在前列的公司在與非政府組織及工會合作之下已更為了解勞工議題並認同自己責無旁貸不再只是監管有否遵循規則已開始處理導致勞工標準差劣的根本原因在這份簡報中樂施會讓你得悉掌握這方面最新資訊的好處也展示了明確的途徑協助你的公司走出全球衰退並以重整的供應鏈作為全球業務創造優良及可持續的基礎國際樂施會執行總幹事 Jeremy Hobbs 目錄你應該提升勞工標準的八個原因 3 引言 4 你需要回應的兩個勞工議題 5 不穩定的工作及低微的工資領導層與工人的脆弱關係 5 9 有害無益的兩項業務運作模式 11 損害勞工標準的採購模式過度依賴審核你如何能達至勞工標準的基準 15 日益受到重視的議題及問題 16 資源及工具 17 附註 18

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12 Buying your way into trouble: the challenge of responsible supply chain management 12

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18 1 GlobeScan Report on Issues and Reputation. Available by subscription at: 2 Decent work is the term used by the International Labour Organization (ILO) since 1988 to articulate good labour conditions. It involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organise and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity for all men and women. See 3 ILO (2008), Global Employment Trends 2008, p The nine elements of the ETI Base Code are: Employment is freely chosen; Freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining are respected; Working conditions are safe and hygienic; Child labour shall not be used; Living wages are paid; Working hours are not excessive; No discrimination is practised; Regular employment is provided; No harsh or inhumane treatment is allowed. Those in bold are designated by ILO as the Core Labour Standards, see 5 Karmojibi Nari (2009) Enough Already: The nation should hear the cry of garment workers, a survey by Karmojibi Nari, Bangladesh to assess the implementation status of the Tripartite MOU signed in Oxfam Australia and the Clean Clothes Campaign (2009) Sector-Wide Solutions for the Sports Shoe and Apparel Industry in Indonesia. Available at: Last Accessed January Mohamed Said Saadi for Oxfam Novib (September 2009) L Impact de la Crise Alimentaire et Financiere sur les Travailleurs Salaries Agricoles au Maroc. (Impact of the Food and Financial Crises on Waged Agricultural Workers in Morocco). Findings are due for publication shortly. 8 While there is, as yet, no general agreement on the definition of a living wage, Oxfam International defines it as one which for a full-time working week (without overtime) would be enough for a family to meet its basic needs and allow a small amount for discretionary spending. See T. Connor and K. Dent (2006) Offside! Labour Rights and Sportswear Production in Asia, Oxford: Oxfam International. 9 Solidarity Center (2008) The True Cost of Shrimp: How Shrimp Industry Workers in Bangladesh and Thailand Pay the Price for Affordable Shrimp, Washington: Solidarity Center, p Impactt Ltd (2009) Getting Smarter: Ethical Trade in the Downturn Annual Report The 98 assessments took place between August 2007 and July 2008 and covered 63,000 workers in 11 countries worldwide. 11 Solidarity Center (2008) The True Cost of Shrimp, op. cit. 12 Oxfam International (2004) Trading Away Our Rights: Women Working in Global Supply Chains, Oxford: Oxfam International, p Impactt Ltd (2009) Boosting Productivity, Rewarding your Workers (2009) Available at: s/ Last accessed January, Oxfam International (2009) Win-Win: Improving the Livelihoods of Smallholders and Waged Workers in Sustainable Livelihoods Programmes. Available at: Last accessed February Oxfam Germany (2008) Last-Stop Supermarket: The Scoop on Tropical Fruit, Retailers Buying Power: The conditions under which pineapples and bananas sold in Germany are produced, p.2. Available at: Last accessed January There is no precise data, 92% is an estimate by Professor Doug Miller, Northumbria University and ITGLWF, January See Papadikis ed (2008) Cross-border Social Dialogue and Agreements: An emerging global industrial relations framework? Chapter 5. Available at: 17 K.Nari (2009) Enough Already, op. cit. 18 The Bangladesh garment industry has experienced serious industrial unrest relating to pay and conditions since See for instance -riot Last accessed February See and ent-itglwf 21 The IUF represents food, farm, and hotel workers worldwide. See: and Last accessed January S.Barrientos and S.Smith (2006) Do Workers Really Benefit? Report onthe Impact Assessment for Ethical Trading Initiative, Sussex: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex. Benefits were relating to Health and Safety standards, child labour, working hours and payment of a minimum (not living) wage. Last accessed January Ethical Trading Initiative: Improving buying practices brings benefits for business and workers. Available at: Last accessed January Coalition of Immokalee Workers website Last accessed January Survey by ETI of its members in S. Barrientos and S. Smith (2006) op. cit. 28 Looking for a Quick Fix: How Weak Social Auditing is Keeping Workers in Sweatshops, Last accessed January Oxfam GB (2009) How To Address Labour Issues in Your Supply Chains Tips and Examples. Available at: Last accessed January Neil Kearney, General Secretary of the global garment union ITDLWF, died suddenly in Bangladesh in November 2009, see Last accessed January T. Kidder (2003) Interview with a garment worker and trade unionist in a Sri Lankan export processing zone factory, by Thalia Kidder of Oxfam GB. 32 See Ethical Trading Initiative DVD (2007) Secrets and Lies or Impactt op. cit. In the 98 site assessed by Impactt, 45 per cent were found to have double books and 43 per cent coached workers to give the right answer ; in South East Asia the percentages were 83 per cent and 40 per cent. 33 The ILO-IFC Better Work programme aims to reduce this to $2 per worker per year through a combined programme of monitoring and capacity building. 34 Ethical Trading Initiative (2006) Getting Smarter at Auditing London: Ethical Trading Initiative. 35 Nike (2007) Innovate for a Better World: Nike FY05-06 Corporate Responsibility Report, Beaverton, p Last accessed 14 December See Last accessed January Traidcraft and CIPS (2009) Win-Win: Achieving sustainable procurement with the developing world, Traidcraft and CIPS and an to Oxfam. 38 D. Birnbaum (2009) Recession brings chance for suppliers to change in Just Style, Available at: Last accessed December Oxfam Hong Kong (2009) Transparency Report II Have Hong Kong Garment Companies Improved their Reporting on Labour Standards? 39 The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) is an alliance of companies, nongovernmental organisations and trade unions committed to improving working conditions in global supply chains. Its members cover six million workers globally via 38,000 suppliers, and account for 100billion in sales turnover. Corporate members must agree to adopt the ETI Base Code in their supply chains, to improve labour conditions continuously and to report annually on progress against ETI Principles of Implementation and a Foundation, Improver, Achiever, Leader framework of benchmarks. 40 Oxfam GB (2009) How to best protect workers employed by gangmasters, five years after Morecambe Bay, Available at: Last accessed January Download a leaflet about our ethical trade advice service and a Case study on How to Address Labour Issues in your Supply Chain at 18

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诚实守信公平交易好的伦理为经营之道我们的价值观我们的日常工作让客户和消费者展露微笑我们关注员工产品和业务的不断改善和进步我们珍视我能做到的态度和精神, 尝行为准则我们的指路明灯诚实守信公平交易好的伦理为经营之道我们的价值观我们的日常工作让客户和消费者展露微笑我们关注员工产品和业务的不断改善和进步我们珍视我能做到的态度和精神, 尝试但未成功是值得鼓励的, 而退缩