2007 4,, 1940, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :, ( ),,,, %10117 %1219 %,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85,, 1946, 248, 134, 72, 29 %, 13, 5125 % 1/ 3

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1 :,,,,,,,, : 1946,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 1940,,,,,,,,, 89

2 2007 4,, 1940, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, :, ( ),,,, %10117 %1219 %,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85,, 1946, 248, 134, 72, 29 %, 13, 5125 % 1/ 3,,,,, :, :, 1986, 64 76, ,, 1983, 229 1, :, 2000, 209, ,, ,, 245,

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14 2007 4,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, 363 :,47, ,16, :, 1992, 550, :, 4, 1321,

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23 HISTORICAL RESEARCH NO14, 2007 including t he idea t hat t he six art s originated in official rit uals. " These were in fact t he source for his t heory t hat t he six Conf ucian classics are all history" ( ). The p rocess of t he formation and develop ment of this t heory reveal t he richness of it s content : for example, t he value concept s of t he union of D ao ( ) and Qi ( ), of officials and educators, and of governance and teaching t hat derived from such t heories as t he six classics are stories of Zhou officials" and t here were no personal writings in ancient times ;" the advocacy of under standing t he D ao t hro ugh history," interp reted f ro m t he per spective of t he relatio nship bet ween transmission" (shu ) and creation" ( z uo ), t hat arose from debates over approaches to t he classics ; t he conspicuous demand for a professional respect for history" developed in t he course of co mpiling t he S hi J i Kao ( St udy of Historical Records) ; t he awareness derived f ro m t he practical compilation of history, of t he idea of D ao as oneπs mission po ssessed by t he humble chroniclers of old ; and t he belief formed in the quest to understand t he present t hrough t he past, t hat t he classics were bot h trut hf ul records of one generation" and co nstant laws of tens of t housands of generations". Zhangπs new insight s into t he six classics were closely related to his response to t he debates between H an x ue" ( ) and S ong x ue" ( ), and were even more closely connected to his desire to discover what role t he classics should play in t he age in which he lived. Wash Your Face" : Rectif ication of Cadres in the Land Reform HU AN G Dao xuan (89) Land reform in the Liberated Areas during t he t hree2year civil war between t he Communist s and t he Natio nalist s bro ught f undamental changes to Chinaπs t raditio nal social, political and economic order, and posed new challenges to t he ability of t he CPC (Communist Party of China) to direct and co nt rol t he sit uatio n. The rectificatio n of base2level cadres in rural areas was an important link in t he CPCπs respo nse to t his challenge. The desire to establish a democratic government, t he will of t he masses, t he call for clean government and t he practice of grouping people by class in t he rectification movement clearly point to the CPCπs ideals and demands for a new societ y. While revealing it s o ut standing capacit y for co nt rol, t he p rocess and result s of rectification also presented t he CPC as a political force on t he way to holding power. Faced wit h complex social and political issues, t he CPC was still in t he course of building up it s t heoretical foundation and p ractical experience ; gaining an understanding of Chinaπs changing society would be a long2term process. From Provision of Goods to a Wage Hierarchy based on Rank : Changes in the Income Distribution System for Party and Government Off icials at the Time of the Establishment of the Peopleπs Republic of China YAN G Kuiso ng (111) An important change took place in the income distribution system for Party and government officials around 1949 : the egalitarian system of provision of goods was replaced by a strict wage hierarchy based o n administ rative rank and characterized by relatively large differences. This was not o nly oppo sed to CPC t raditio n but was also co nt rary to Marxist tenet s. The degree of inequality in distribution was even greater t han t hat existing under t he Nationalist s and among civil servant s in t he capitalist countries of Europe, America and J apan. Mao was unhappy with such a hierarchical distribution system from t he out set and tried several times to correct it, but he failed to change it just as he had failed to prevent it s initial implementation. Even the Cult ural Revolution did not succeed in changing it. 191

2004 2,,,, 1907,, 7 6,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7 13,,, 15,, :,,2001, ,:,, 1981,

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