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19 ,,14 21,,,, 3, 5 3.,,19,25 20,17, 40 % 5, 4., ,,,,,, ( : ) China s Unequal Treaties : Narrating National History (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2005, pp ) (Dong Wang),,,, 20, 44

20 Modern Chine se History Studie s No. 2, 2006 The Evolution of the Chinese Communist Party s Pol icy toward the Bourgeoisie bef ore and after the Establishment of the People s Republ ic of China Ya ng Kuisong (1) Regarding the bourgeoisie as class enemies is the Communists established ideological requirement. Howev2 er, the democratic nature of the Chinese revolution required that the Party carry out an united front policy toward the bourgeoisie. Before and after the establishment of the People s Republic of China, this kind of contradiction inevitably became a difficult problem bothering the Communists. In fact, since the CCP began to occupy cities on a large scale at the end of 1947, the Central Committee of the CCP had started to make a conscious effort to strengthen its class line. At the Political Bureau conference held in September 1948, Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi clearly stated : after gaining political power over the whole country, the main contradiction within China would be the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. But in fact, the Communists still had to make ac2 commodations to the contrasts of power in the economic field, and continue its policy of unity with the bourgeoisie over the next several years, until the outbreak of the Three Antis and Five Antis movements. A Study of Marriage Practices in Republican China : An Analysis Based on the Fifth Population Census Wang Yuesheng (26) In 1930s and 1940s, marriage practices surrounding age of first marriage and age difference between spouses still maintained a strong traditional flavor. There was no clear difference between marriages in cities and in rural areas. Why did marriage deviate from the development of the society in general? The main reason is that Republi2 can China s marriage law did not truly restrict not to mention eliminate the existing practice of parents ar2 ranging their children s marriages in both cities and rural areas. However, looking at the country as a whole, the ratio of extremely early marriages with couples under the age of 14 and marriages of older wives and younger hus2 bands was not very high. The Reason for Delaying Publication of Huang Zunxian s Annals of J apan L i Changli (45) The 82year delay between the completion and publication of Huang Zunxian s A nnals of Japan is one of the modern Chinese literary world s historical regrets. Through studies of two newly found documents and other his2 torical data, we can conclude that the person who was primarily responsible for the delay was Li Hongzhang. His negative assessment of Huang Zunxian and A nnals of Japan exerted a negative influence on officials of the Zongli Yamen. Secondarily, blame should be put on the stupidity and ignorance of officials of the Zongli Yamen, who did not attach importance to the book and did not publish it. Of course, the fundamental reason was the literati system of bureaucratic imperial power. Its mechanisms ideological control and speech restriction made Huang Zunxian s A nnals of Japan get a cold reception among high officials at court, who rejected the book because of its ideological orientation towards drawing on Japan s experience and initiating political reform and self2strength2 ening. Huang Zunxian did his best to publish the book through official channels, but failed. This fact indicates that during this period of crisis, when our nation was facing catastrophe, the rigidity, closedness and conser2 vatism of the Qing literati system of bureaucratic imperial power smothered the knowledge and intellectual re2 sources that had developed inside the system to face the changed situation, and caused irreparable damage to state interests and the fate of the nation.

标题

第 14 卷第 6 期 2013 年 12 月南华大学学报( 社会科学版) Journal of University of South China( Social Science Edition) Vol. 14 No. 6 Dec. 2013 1961 年中央常委农村调查与人民公社体制的调整王摇涛 ( 中共中央党校党史部北京 100091) [摘摇要] 摇三年大跃进冶运动给中国经济造成了严重损失,其中农村是重灾区