区域物流能力与经济增长关系的实证研究

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1 英语专业毕业论文写作格式要求目录 1. 内封 ( 中文 ) 格式要求内封 ( 英文 ) 格式要求. 3 3 摘要 ( 中文 ) 格式要求 4 4 摘要 ( 英语 ) 格式要求 5 5 目录格式要求.6 6 论文装订顺序等要求.8 7 正文及一级标题格式要求.9 8 二级标题及引文格式要求三级标题格式要求二级标题在页首及四级标题格式要求参考文献格式要求致谢格式要求.21

3 小四宋体加粗 1.5 倍行距空六行二号黑体居中论隐喻的运作机制小四宋体 1.5 倍行距空二行小四宋体加粗居中李小伟小四宋体 1.5 倍行距空六行指论文最后一页标注的页码小四宋体加粗 1.5 倍行距左侧空约 10 个汉字总计 : 毕业论文 26 页指导教师 : 张三评阅人 : 李四完成日期 :2006 年 5 月

4 此页是英文题名页的标准格式本部分的论文题目论文作者的姓名和指导教师的职称与姓名按实际情况填写其余的按本格式复制小四加粗 Times New Roman 1.5 倍行距空六行 Incorporating Culture into English Teaching in Middle Schools 论文标题 : 二号 Times New Roman 加粗居中 A Thesis 小四加粗 Times New Roman 1.5 倍行距空二行

5 Presented to the College of English Dalian University By Li Xiaowei 小四加粗 Times New Roman 居中 In Impartial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors May 2007 Thesis Supervisor: Professor Yang Haiyan 小三宋体加粗两汉字之间空一个汉字居中小四宋体空一行摘要小四宋体 2 倍行距隐喻研究归根到底是隐喻机制的研究, 它是隐喻研究的核心两千多年来, 隐喻一直被仅仅看作一种修辞手段, 一种语言的陪衬, 被看作是两种不同事物事

6 先存在的相似性的比较或一个词对另一词的替代, 进而形成对隐喻阐述的比较论和替代论现代学者通过大量研究表明, 隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞手段, 更重要的是, 它是人类的主要认知方式隐喻这一认知方式, 给人们一种新的视角, 创造一种相似因此, 现代学者着重于阐述相似是如何被创造出来的在众多的隐喻理论中, 影响较大的有布莱克和莱科夫的隐喻理论 ( 大约 200 字左右 ) 关键词 : 隐喻 ; 搭配 ; 术语小四宋体加粗 ( 中文摘要的内容和关键词应与英文摘要相对应, 关键词 3 5 个, 词与词之间用分号分开 ) *** 正文引文中涉及到中国作者有两种情况 :1) 在参考文献中, 如果用英文表述中国作者及著作,Shen, Dan. Stylistics and Translation. Beijing: Peking UP, 那么在正文中, 引用原作者话之后要这样在括号里标注, 例如,Professor Shen writes that the standard of faithfulness and accuracy is not only a principle for translating business contracts, but an attitude in translation (Shen 191). ( 引文标注用汉语拼音 ) 2) 在参考文献中, 如果用汉语表述中国作者及著作, 袁振国. 当代教育学 [M]. 北京 : 教育科学出版社,2002. 那么在正文中, 引用原作者话之后要这样在括号里标注, 例如,Educator Yuan states that the Social Educational Model was first proposed by Gardner and his colleagues in early 1970 s and reformulated in 1985 ( 袁振国 116).( 引文标注用汉语方块字 ) ( 此处引文为间接引文, 故没有双引号 )

7 Times New Roman Abstract 小三加粗 Times New Roman 小四 2 倍行距 The mechanism of metaphor is actually the nucleus of the study of metaphor. For more than two thousand years, metaphor was viewed as a device of rhetoric, an attachment to language. In accordance with this perspective, metaphor was a comparison between two things that do not belong to the same category or was regarded as one word used to substitute another because there were preexisting similarities between them. As a result of this perspective, two theories took shape: one was the Comparison Theory, the other was the Theory of Substitution. But modern scholars discard the perspective, holding that metaphor is not only a device of rhetoric, to be more important, it is a leading way for human beings to know this world, a way of thinking. ( 中文摘要的对应译文 ) Key words: metaphor; collocation; terms Times New Roman 小四加粗 ( 注意 : 关键词 3 5 个, 字体要加粗, 词与词之间用分号分开, 除专有名词外, 其他单词首字母不大写 )

8 一级标题空一行 Times New Roman 小四 Contents Times New Roman 小三加粗居中小四 Times New Roman 摘要.i Abstract....ii I. Introduction II. A Historical Retrospection of Metaphor 二级标题小四 Times New Roman 不加粗缩进一 2.1 Aristotelian School: Metaphor A Device of Rhetoric The Platonic School Language is Metaphorical The Study of Metaphor from the 20 th Century to the Present...6 III. On Similarity Similarity: A Fundamental Criterion for the Classification of Metaphor Similarity and Culture Similarity and Category The Relationship Between Similarity and Knowledge.13 三级标题小四 Times New Roman 不加粗缩进约 IV. On the Mechanism of Metaphor Black s Interaction Theory Introduction to the Interaction Theory Some Defects of the Interaction Theory Lakoffian Conceptual Metaphor Theory...19

9 4.2.1 The Philosophical Basis of Lakoffian Theory Lakoffian Theory on the Mechanism of Metaphor The Deficiencies of Lakoffian Theory in Expounding the Creation of 四级标题小四 Times New Roman 不加粗缩进约 Similarity Conceptual Integration Theory An Introduction to the Conceptual Integration Theory Four Mental Spaces Three Processes of BT Optimality Principles of BT The Advantages of BT in Solving the Paradox of the Two Former Theories The Generic Mental Space The Blending Space and Emergent Structure The Other Advantages of BT V. Conclusion. 42 Bibliography.. 45 Acknowledgements 46

10 论文装订顺序等要求 : 页码起始从 Introduction 部分开始第 1 页, 直到 Acknowledgements 结束, ( 包括 Acknowledgements) 其装订顺序为 : 封面 ( 学校印刷厂负责印刷学校统一封面 ) 内封页 ( 中文 ) 内封页 ( 英文 ) 中文摘要英文摘要目录正文 ( 如果有注释, 可以加在当前页下脚或者放在本章节后面 ) 参考文献致谢 ( 论文打印用 A4 纸 ) 页眉 :4.5cm, 小五,Times New Roman; 下划线

11 页脚 :1.8cm 不加页眉注 :Bibliography 和 Acknowledgement 上面 ( 详见论文样本 ) 一级标题标题上面小三 Times New Roman 空三行, 单倍行距一级标题单独起页 Times New Roman 三号顶格加粗下空小四一行每段缩 4~5 个字母 I. Introduction The study of metaphor has long been with us and the focus of the study is the mechanism of metaphor. It is the most significant and indispensable part of the study. For more than two thousand years, the study is carried on mainly from the 正文小四 Times New perspective of rhetoric, viewing metaphor as a device of rhetoric, an

12 embellishment of language. The representative of the theories in this long period is Aristotle s Comparison Theory and Quintilian s Theory of Substitution. Because metaphor is not only a rhetorical phenomenon, but also one of cognition, the interpretation force of these theories is very limited. In 1936, I.A. Richards put forward Interaction Theory. Later Max Black made an elaboration of the work of his. Interaction Theory claims that metaphor is a cognitively irreducible phenomenon that works not at the level of word combination, but much deeper, arising out of the interaction between the conceptual structures underlying the words. But the ones who really turn the study of metaphor to a new page are George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The mark of this change is the publication of the book named Metaphors We Live By. The theory of Lakoff and Johnson s is Conceptual Metaphor Theory. As these scholars regard metaphor as the creation of similarity, their theories concentrate on how the similarity is created and how the new meaning is produced though their interpretations are not perfect. Recently, another theory appeared Conceptual Integration Theory or Blending Theory. Comparatively speaking, it is more convincing on the mechanism of metaphor than the other two.( 以下省略, 此部分字数最少不少于 300 字 ) 一级标题标题上面小三 Times New Roman 空三行, 单倍行距一级标题单独起页 Times New Roman 三号顶格加粗下空小四一行 II. A Historical Retrospection of Metaphor 2.1 Aristotelian School: Metaphor A Device of Rhetoric 二级标题 Times New Roman 四号顶格加粗下不空行

13 Andrew Ortony, one of the most influential writers on metaphor, has pointed out, and there are few who would disagree with him, that it is still the case that Any serious study of metaphor is almost obliged to start with the works of Aristotle (Ortony 3).( 此处指引文来源 : 作者页码 ) In Poetics, Aristotle expounds the essence, function and the way of explanation of metaphor as three nuclei. He defines metaphor as the application of an alien name by transference either from genus to species, or from species to genus, or from species to species, or by analogy, that is, proportion (Aristotle 71). Then he gives four kinds of metaphor: 引文 : 前缩进 10 个字母后不缩进上下各空 1 行 Since lying at anchor is a species of the genus lying, one can say there lies my ship (genus to species metaphor), since ten thousand is a species of a large number, one can say verily ten thousand noble deeds hath Odysseus wrought (species to genus metaphor). Since to draw away and to cleave are each a species of the genus taking away, one can say with blade of bronze drew away the life (species to species metaphor). And since old age is to life as evening to the day, one can say that old age is the evening of life (ibid.). ( 此符号 ibid. 意为同上, 引文出处与上相同本例为整段引用, 即 block quotation, 前后空五号字一行 ) All metaphors, Aristotle believes, fall into at least one of these four categories, although analogy metaphors are the most pleasing. Aristotle also holds that metaphor can make the prosaic style charming, and stresses that it can only be confined to poetry (ibid. 72). This perspective leads to the later theorists making distinction between poetic language and everyday language. Especially in Chapter 21 and 22 of Poetics, Aristotle states that every word is either current, or strange, or metaphor, or ornamental, or newly coined, or lengthened, or contracted, or

14 altered (ibid.70). It is obvious that Aristotle classifies metaphors as lying outside normal language use. They are deviant or aberrant forms of discourse. He also holds that metaphor has no cognitive value and is merely an embellishment of language (Kittay 1). Also in this chapter of Poetics, he elaborates how metaphors are unusual and discusses the relationship between metaphor and genius, viewing metaphor as a talent of epic poets and tragedians: 引文 : 前缩进 10 个字母后不缩进上下各空 1 行 The greatest thing by far is to have a command of metaphor. This alone can not be imported by another; it is the mark of genius for to make good metaphors implies an eye for resemblances ( Aristotle 72). As Hawks writes about Aristotle s account of metaphor: 引文 : 前缩进 10 个字母后不缩进上下各空 1 行 It is abundantly clear that, as an entity in itself, metaphor is regarded as a decorative addition to language, to be used in specific ways, and at specific times and places (ibid. 8 9). In Rhetoric,( 书名下划线 ) Aristotle says that the best metaphors are those that achieve the effect of bringing things vividly before the eyes of the audience. He argues that this effect is produced by words which refer to things in action ( ibid ). The best image involves a metaphor (ibid. 96). From the above statements, we know that Aristotle views metaphor as a rhetorical device and an embellishment of language. Finally he establishes his theory on metaphor Comparison Theory. It is the earliest theory in the history of the study of metaphor. Its main gist is:

15 1 Metaphors are matters of language and not matters of thought or action. There is no such thing as metaphorical thought or action. 2 A metaphor of the form A is B is a linguistic expression whose meaning is the 引文 : 前缩进 10 个字母后不缩进上下各空 1 行 same as a corresponding linguistic expression of the form A is like B, in respect X, Y, Z Respects X, Y, Z characterize what we have called isolated similarities. 3 A metaphor can therefore only describe preexisting similarities. It can t create similarities (Lakoff & Johnson 1980: 153).( 如果在论文中引用同一作者的不同的著作, 应加上出版年代以示区别 )

16 一级标题标题上面小三 Times New Roman 空三行, 单倍行距 III. On Similarity 一级标题单独起页 Times New Roman 三号顶格加粗下空小四一行一级标题标题上面小三 Times New Roman 空三行, 单倍行距一级标题单独起页 Times New Roman 三号顶格加粗下空小四一行

17 IV. On the Mechanism of Metaphor.. 二级标题 Times New Roman 四号顶格加粗上空一行下不空行 4.1 Black s Interaction Theory( 章内每节标号及标题左起顶格, 四号字, 加粗, 前后空一行为小四号字如在页首则其前不空行, 但其后空行 ) Introduction to Interaction Theory 三级标题 Times New Roman 小四号顶格加粗上下不空 Interaction Theory was originated from I. A. Richards theory. In his definition he says: In the simplest formulation, when we use a metaphor we have two thoughts of different things active together and supported by a single word, or phrase, whose meaning is a resultant of their interaction (Richard 89). The most important in this definition is two active thoughts interact with each other. He first provided the basic terminology and conceptual framework for discussing metaphor. He argued that metaphor consists of two terms, the tenor, or topic, and the vehicle, and the

18 二级标题 Times New 英语论文网 Roman 四号顶格加粗 qq: 在页首时上下都不空行 4.3 The Conceptual Integration Theory. 三级标题 Times New Roman 小四号顶格加粗上下都不 An Introduction to the Conceptual Integration Theory Conceptual Integration Theory was proposed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner Four Mental Spaces 四级标题 Times New Roman 小四号顶格不加粗上下 In BT, the basis unit of cognitive organization is not the domain but the mental spaces, which are a partial and temporary representational structure that speakers construct when thinking or talking about a perceived, imagined, past, present

19 一级标题标题上面小三 Times New Roman 空三行, 单倍行距 V. Conclusion 一级标题单独起页 Times New Roman 三号顶格加粗下空小四一行 The study of metaphor is, in essence, the study of how metaphor works. It is the nucleus of metaphor study. Modern scholars discard the perspective that metaphor is a device of rhetoric, an attachment to language, and claim that metaphor is of cognition and is omnipresent; it is a way of human thinking. Moreover, they hold that metaphor creates similarity instead of comparing two things which are based on the preexisting similarity. Hence, the mechanism of metaphor is to interpret how similarity is created. Black s theory and Lakoffian theory, due to some defects and deficiencies, are not able to give a clear description of the creation of similarity. They endeavor to expound the appearance of a new structure after a novel metaphor, but they fail to do that and result in isomorphism. The mechanism of metaphor is sophisticated. It is a result of various factors. Interacting, projecting and blending constitute the process. It is obvious that BT, on the basis of the two above mentioned theories, focuses on solving the problem of the isomorphism structure. To avoid committing the same mistake that all the knowledge, the features mapped from the source domain and the structure (topology) of the target domain are interwoven. (400words)

20 Bibliography Times New Roman 三号居中加粗下空小四一行第二行悬挂缩进 4 5 个英语字母 15 倍行 MLA 参考文献格式范例 Adams, Richard P. Faulkner: Myth and Motion. Princeton: Princeton UP, Aiken, Conrad. William Faulkner: The Novel as Form. Frederick J. Hoffman and Olga W. Vickery. Eds. William Faulkner: Three Decades of Criticism. East Lansing: Michigan State UP, Barker, Deborah E., and Ivo Kamps. Much Ado about Nothing: Language and Desire in The Sound and the Fury. Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Culture (Summer 1993): 引用同一作者的多个作品时, 用横线代替作 Bleikasten, Andre. Faulkner s As I Lay Dying. Bloomington: Indiana UP, Carter, Ronald, ed. Language and Literature: An Introductory Reader in Stylistics. London: George Allen & Unwin, Literary Text and Language Study. London: Edward Arnold, Faulkner, William. Absalom, Absalom! New York: The Modern Library, Faulkner at Nagano. Robert A. Jeliffe, ed. Tokyo: Kenyusha, The Sound and the Fury. Middlesex: Penguin, Hellstrom, Gustaf. Presentation Speech. 20 Jan < nobel.se/literature/laureates/1949/press. html> Kinney, Arthur. Teaching Narrative as Meaning in A Justice and The Sound and the Fury. Approaches to Teaching Faulkner s The Sound and the Fury. Eds. Stephen Hahn and Arthur F. Kinney. New York: MLA, 1996,

21 Leech, G. N A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry. Longman. Rpt in Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Leech, Geoffrey N. and Michael H. Short, Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. Rpt in Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Popping, Roel. Computer Assisted Text Analysis. London: Sage, Shen, Dan. Stylistics and Translation. Beijing: Peking UP, 中文书目 : 参考文献是对期刊论文引文进行统计和分析的重要信息源之一, 在本规范中采用 GB 7714 推荐的顺序编码制格式著录一参考文献著录项目 1 主要责任者 ( 专著作者论文集主编学位申报人专利申请人报告撰写人期刊文章作者析出文章作者 ) 多个责任者之间以, 分隔, 注意在本项数据中不得出现缩写点. ( 英文作者请将作者名写全 ) 主要责任者只列姓名, 其后不加著编主编合编等责任说明 2 文献题名及版本 ( 初版省略 ) 3 文献类型及载体类型标识 4 出版项 ( 出版地出版者出版年 ) 5 文献出处或电子文献的可获得地址 6 文献起止页码 7 文献标准编号 ( 标准号专利号 ) 二参考文献类型及其标识根据 GB 3469 规定, 以单字母方式标识以下各种参考文献类型 : 参考文献类型文献类型标识专著 [M], 论文集 [C], 报纸文章 [N], 期刊文章 [J], 学位论文 [D], 报告 [R], 标准 [S], 专利 [P] 对于专著论文集中的析出文献, 其文献类型标识建议采用单字母 [A] ; 对于其他未说明的文献类型, 建议采用单字母 [Z]

22 对于数据库 (database) 计算机程序 (computer program) 及电子公告 (electronic bulletin board) 等电子文献类型的参考文献, 建议以下列双字母作为标识 : 电子参考文献类型标识数据库 [DB], 计算机程序 [CP], 电子公告 [EB] 三电子文献的载体类型及其标识对于非纸张型载体的电子文献, 当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标识中同时标明其载体类型本规范建议采用双字母表示电子文献载体类型 : 磁带 (magnetic tape) [MT], 磁盘 (disk) [DK], 光盘 (CD-ROM) [CD], 联机网络 (online) [OL], 并以下列格式表示包括了文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识 : [ 文献类型标识 / 载体类型标识 ] 如 :[DB/OL] 联机网上数据库 (database online) [DB/MT] 磁带数据库 (database on magnetic tape) [M/CD] 光盘图书 (monograph on CD-ROM) [CP/DK] 磁盘软件 (computer program on disk) [J/OL] 网上期刊 (serial online) [EB/OL] 网上电子公告 (electronic bulletin board online) 以纸张为载体的传统文献在引作参考文献时不必注明其载体类型四文后参考文献表编排格式参照 ISO 690 及 ISO 690-2, 每一参考文献条目的最后均以. 结束各类参考文献条目的编排格式及示例如下 : 1. 专著论文集学位论文报告

23 主要责任者. 文献题名 [ 文献类型标识 ]. 出版地 : 出版者, 出版年. 起止页码 ( 任第二行悬挂缩进 2 个汉字选 ). 刘国钧, 陈绍业, 王凤翥. 图书馆目录 [M]. 北京 : 高等教育出版社, 辛希孟. 信息技术与信息服务国际研讨会论文集 :A 集 [C]. 北京 : 中国社会科学出版社,1994. 张筑生. 微分半动力系统的不变集 [D]. 北京 : 北京大学数学系数学研究所,1983. 冯西桥. 核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的 LBB 分析 [R]. 北京 : 清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 期刊文章主要责任者. 文献题名 [J]. 刊名, 年, 卷 ( 期 ): 起止页码. 何龄修. 读顾城南明史 [J]. 中国史研究,1998,(3): 金显贺, 王昌长, 王忠东, 等. 一种用于在线检测局部放电的数字滤波技术 [J]. 清华大学学报 ( 自然科学版 ),1993,33(4): 论文集中的析出文献析出文献主要责任者. 析出文献题名 [A]. 原文献主要责任者 ( 任选 ). 原文献题名 [C]. 出版地 : 出版者, 出版年. 析出文献起止页码. 钟文发. 非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用 [A]. 赵玮. 运筹学的理论与应用中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集 [C]. 西安 : 西安电子科技大学出版社, 报纸文章主要责任者. 文献题名 [N]. 报纸名, 出版日期 ( 版次 ). 谢希德. 创造学习的新思路 [N]. 人民日报, (10). 5.. 国际国家标准

24 标准编号, 标准名称 [S]. GB/T , 汉语拼音正词法基本规则 [S]. 6. 专利专利所有者. 专利题名 [P]. 专利国别 : 专利号, 出版日期. 姜锡洲. 一种温热外敷药制备方案 [P]. 中国专利 : , 电子文献主要责任者. 电子文献题名 [ 电子文献及载体类型标识 ]. 电子文献的出处或可获得地址, 发表或更新日期 / 引用日期 ( 任选 ). 王明亮. 关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展 [EB/OL] 万锦坤. 中国大学学报论文文摘 ( ). 英文版 [DB/CD]. 北京 : 中国大百科全书出版社, 各种未定义类型的文献主要责任者. 文献题名 [Z]. 出版地 : 出版者, 出版年. 五参考文献与注释的区别参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目, 一般集中列表于文末 ; 注释是对论著正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明, 一般排印在该页地脚参考文献序号用方括号标注, 而注释用数字加圆圈标注 ( 如 1 2 ) 说明 : 参考文献的排列顺序, 先英文, 后中文英文按开头字母从 A 到 Z 的顺序排列, 中文按开头文字的汉语拼音从 A 到 Z 的顺序排列

25 Times New Roman 小四空一行其它格式同正文 Acknowledgements Times New Roman 三号加粗居中 I have eternal gratitude to, my tutor, for his inestimable help and valuable instruction, and to Professor, for his insightful lectures, which inspire me to compose this dissertation. I am greatly indebted to Professor for his allowing me to have access to his books pertinent to this dissertation. I also thank those who help me in course of the writing and whose names I can t list here one by one.

國立臺南大學數位論文典藏.pdf

國立臺南大學數位論文典藏.pdf 1974~2003 Xiang Yang and the Research upon His Modern Poems: 1974~2003 1974~2003 Xiang Yang and the Research upon His Modern Poems: 1974~2003 by StudentSu-Chen Lee A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment