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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, May 2012, 20(5): DOI: /SP.J * 1,2 潘艳花 1** 马忠明 1 吕晓东 1 杜少平薛 1 亮 ( ; ) 通过盆栽试验, 研究 5 个供钾水平 (0 60 kg hm kg hm kg hm 2 和 700 kg hm 2 ) 下西瓜苗期生长指标和根系形态参数的变化结果显示 : 240 kg hm 2 钾浓度下, 西瓜幼苗茎鲜重叶鲜重茎干重叶干重子叶面积茎粗株高根长比根长表面积根体积根尖数和根平均直径分别比不施钾处理增长 46.05% 31.31% 57.56% 29.87% 2.92% 12.71% 37.18% 67.23% 64.00% 64.03% 58.88% % 和 6.25% 700 kg hm 2 钾浓度下, 西瓜幼苗茎鲜重叶鲜重茎干重叶干重子叶面积茎粗和株高比 240 kg hm 2 钾浓度处理分别降低 40.24% 25.31% 36.90% 23.08% 31.09% 9.81% 和 41.44% 700 kg hm 2 钾肥处理对西瓜幼苗根系生长的抑制作用不明显所有处理的西瓜幼苗直径 1.0 mm 的根长占总量的 90% 以上, 直径 0.5 mm 的根尖数占总量的 98% 以上 ; 直径 2.0 mm 的比根长根体积和根表面积占总量的 50% 以上 ; 钾素对西瓜幼苗直径 2.0 mm 2.5 mm< 直径 3.0 mm 3.5 mm< 直径 4.0 mm 的根长比根长根表面积根体积影响最明显由于细根的吸收活力比较强, 而西瓜细根所占比例最大, 因此缺钾条件下, 西瓜幼苗钾营养状况受到的影响较根系生长受到的影响更为严重适宜的钾浓度有利于西瓜幼苗的生长, 提高幼苗的生长质量, 促进根系的生长发育, 而不施钾和高钾处理会抑制幼苗的生长, 但高钾对根系生长的抑制作用不明显在本试验条件下, 综合考虑经济因素, 240 kg hm 2 钾肥施用量对西瓜幼苗生长和根系形态建成效果最明显钾素西瓜苗期根系形态生长盆栽试验 : S : A : (2012) Effects of different potassium nutrition on growth and root morphological traits of watermelon seedling PAN Yan-Hua 1,2, MA Zhong-Ming 1, LV Xiao-Dong 1, DU Shao-Ping 1, XUE Liang 1 (1. Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou , China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou , China) Abstract The study was carried out by a pot experiment supplied with five K levels [0 (K0), 60 kg hm 2 (K1), 240 kg hm 2 (K2), 500 kg hm 2 (K3), 700 kg hm 2 (K4)] to probe into effects of different application of potassium fertilizer on watermelon seedling growth and root morphology traits. Results indicated that under 240 kg hm 2 potassium application, stem fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, total root length, specific root length, surface area, root volume, root tips and root average diameter were 46.05%, 31.31%, 57.56%, 29.87%, 2.92%, 12.71%, 37.18%, 67.23%, 64.00%, 64.03%, 58.88%, % and 6.25% higher than those under no potassium application. Under 700 kg hm 2 potassium application, stem fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf area, stem diameter and plant height were 40.24%, 25.31%, 36.90%, 23.08%, 31.09%, 9.81% and 41.44% lower than those under 240 kg hm 2 potassium application. The effect of 700 kg hm 2 potassium application on root morphological traits were not obvious. Additionally, the root length in root diameter 1.0 mm was above 90%, the root tips in root diameter range 0.5 mm was above 98%, specific root length, surface area and root volume in root diameter 2.0 mm was above 50% of total amount, respectively. Root length, specific root length, surface area and root volume of root diameter 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm < diameter 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm < diameter 4.0 mm were significant affected by K level. Morphological traits were determined by specific root length, surface area, root volume and tips in root diameter 2.0 * (nycytx ) ** : (1964 ),,,,, mazhming@163.com (1985 ),,, panyh2006@st.gsau.edu.cn : :

2 5 : 537 mm. Because of relatively stronger absorption and the largest proportion of fine roots, the impact of potassium deficit on potassium nutrition of watermelon seedling was more serious than that on roots growth. Appropriate potassium concentration was beneficial to the growth of watermelon seedlings, it could improve the quality of seedlings growth, root growth and development. No potassium application and high potassium restrained the growth of seedlings, but the inhibition of high potassium on the root growth was not obvious. Under this experimental condition, the 240 kg hm 2 potassium application treatment was the best. Key words Potassium, Watermelon, Seedling stage, Root morphological traits, Growth, Pot experiment (Received Oct. 14, 2011; accepted Dec. 28, 2011),,, [1], [2],,,, C, [3 5], [6 8] [3 6],,,, [9 10],,, [11] ( ) [10], [12] Mengel [13],, [14] [15],,,,, 1 材料与方法 1.1, (K0) 60 kg hm 2 (K1) 240 kg hm 2 (K2) 500 kg hm 2 (K3) 700 kg hm 2 (K4) 5 K 2 O N 270 kg hm 2, 40% 5% 30% 25%; P 2 O kg hm 2,, 0~20 cm, : ph 8.67, 7.5 g kg 1, 0.42 g kg 1, 0.68 g kg 1, 1.82 g kg 1, mg kg 1 1 1, 14 kg, ( 35 cm, 33 cm) 24, 9, 5 1, 1, 5 25, 6 7, :,, [16] : = :,,,, min, 80, 1/ :,,,, Win RHIZO TM,, 1.3 EXCEL 2007 SPSS 结果与分析 2.1 1,,,

3 K2, K0,,, K % 31.31% 57.56% 29.87% 2.92% 12.71% 37.18% 700 kg hm 2, 240 kg hm % 25.31% 36.90% 23.08% 31.09% 9.81% 41.44%,,,,, K2 K4,, 2.2,, [17 18] 2, (K0), ; K2, K0 ; K3, K0,, ; K % 64.00% 64.03% 58.88% % 6.25%,,,,, 2.3, [19] 3, 1.0 mm 90%, 2.0 mm 50%, 0.5 mm 98%, 2.0 mm 3,,, ( ) Table 1 表 1 不同供钾水平对西瓜幼苗生长的影响 Effect of different potassium levels on growth of watermelon seedling Treatment Stem fresh weight Leaf fresh weight Stem dry weight Leaf dry weight Cotyledon area (cm 2 ) Stem diameter (mm) Plant height (cm) K0 2.53±0.56ABbc 9.79±1.82ab 0.17±0.31Bb 0.98±0.18b 12.69±1.18Aa 4.25±0.18b 12.05±1.27bc K1 3.16±0.67ABabc 11.92±1.63ab 0.23±0.47ABab 1.27±0.16a 12.67±1.03Aa 4.76±0.28a 14.55±3.54ab K2 3.70±0.64Aa 12.85±1.25a 0.27±0.60Aa 1.27±0.16a 13.06±0.41Aa 4.79±0.25a 16.53±2.51a K3 3.32±1.40ABab 11.93±3.15ab 0.24±0.85ABab 1.13±0.12ab 11.74±1.56Aa 4.45±0.15ab 14.58±1.71ab K4 2.21±0.97Bc 9.60±2.69b 0.17±0.76Bb 0.98±0.30b 9.00±1.14Bb 4.32±0.29b 9.68±2.60c K0: 0 kg(k 2 O) hm 2 ; K1: 60 kg(k 2 O) hm 2 ; K2: 240 kg(k 2 O) hm 2 ; K3: 500 kg(k 2 O) hm 2 ; K4: 700 kg(k 2 O) hm 2 1% 5%, Different capital and small letters mean significant difference at 1% and 5% levels, respectively. The same below. Table 2 表 2 不同供钾水平对西瓜幼苗根系整体形态的影响 Effect of different potassium levels on root morphological traits of watermelon seedling Treatment Total root length (cm) Specific root length (m g 1 ) Surface area (cm 2 ) Root volume (cm 3 ) Root tips (No plant 1 ) Root average diameter (mm) K ±193.99Bb 25.89±10.26Bb 81.32±32.22Bb 1.07±0.51b 889±479Bb 0.48±0.06b K ±180.84ABab 33.51±8.96ABab ±21.75ABab 1.34±0.39ab 1 657±761ABab 0.51±0.05ab K ±160.13Aa 42.46±7.72Aa ±24.26Aa 1.70±0.36ab 2 259±841Aab 0.51±0.15ab K ±85.92ABa 44.17±6.57Aa ±20.65Aa 2.21±0.86a 2 369±484Aa 0.62±0.15a K ±97.34ABa 42.36±10.81Aa ±33.97Aa 2.03±1.06a 2 094±696Aa 0.53±0.09ab

4 5 : 539 Table 3 表 3 不同供钾水平对西瓜幼苗不同直径范围内根系生长的影响 Effect of different potassium levels on root morphological traits among different diameters of watermelon seedling Root diameter (mm) Treatment 0~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~4.0 Total root length (cm) K ±146.48Bb 95.95±37.53b 22.32±10.46b 8.07±2.71b 3.89±3.58a 1.79±1.91b 0.93±0.86a 0.60±0.44b K ±135.13ABa ±27.14ab 27.44±8.86ab 10.63±2.40ab 5.08±1.59a 3.33±0.58ab 1.15±0.57a 0.83±0.60b K ±138.83Aa ±18.26a 35.17±8.49a 14.40±2.70a 7.19±2.68a 4.76±2.57a 1.58±0.71a 1.72±1.10ab K ±72.15ABa ±21.12ab 32.42±4.73ab 13.93±2.84a 7.57±2.40a 4.86±1.28a 2.42±1.11a 3.04±2.33a K ±99.05ABa ±9.77ab 30.62±11.25ab 12.70±5.21ab 7.52±2.97a 4.46±3.26ab 2.18±1.75a 2.15±1.81ab Specific root length (m g 1 ) K0 8.67±3.37Bb 6.53±2.54Bb 2.70±1.27b 1.38±0.98b 0.86±0.79a 0.48±0.52b 0.30±0.27a 0.22±0.16b K ±3.14ABa 8.06±1.92ABab 3.33±1.09ab 1.83±0.41ab 1.12±0.35a 0.91±1.15ab 0.37±0.19a 0.31±0.23b K ±2.78Aa 9.84±1.25Aa 4.30±1.06a 2.48±0.48a 1.58±0.59a 1.30±0.69a 0.50±0.23a 0.64±0.41ab K ±1.81ABa 8.58±1.42ABab 3.96±0.56ab 2.40±0.47a 1.67±0.54a 1.33±0.36a 0.76±0.35a 1.13±0.87a K ±2.22ABa 7.82±0.68ABab 3. 75±1.39ab 2.20±0.89ab 1.66±0.65a 1.22±0.91ab 0.71±0.56a 0.81±0.66ab Surface area (cm 2 ) K ±10.58Bb 20.53±Bb 8.47±3.98b 4.32±3.98b 2.71±2.51a 1.51±1.64b 0.95±0.86a 0.69±0.51b K ±9.87ABa 25.34±ABab 10.45±3.43ab 5.75±1.29ab 3.53±1.11a 2.85±0.47ab 1.16±0.59a 0.97±0.72b K ±2.78Aa 30.90±Aa 13.52±3.32a 7.78±1.50a 4.97±1.86a 4.08±2.16a 1.57±0.73a 2.02±1.29ab K ±1.81ABa 26.96±ABab 12.43±1.77ab 7.53±1.49a 5.26±1.69a 4.19±1.13a 2.22±1.11a 3.54±2.74a K ±2.22ABa 24.56±ABab 11.77±4.36ab 6.91±2.81ab 5.21±2.03a 3.82±2.84ab 2.40±1.77a 2.55±2.08ab Root volume (cm 3 ) K0 0.22±0.08Bb 0.36±0.14Bb 0.26±0.12b 0.19±0.08b 0.15±0.14a 0.10±0.11b 0.08±0.07a 0.06±0.05a K1 0.29±0.07ABa 0.45±0.11ABab 0.32±0.11ab 0.25±0.07ab 0.20±0.06a 0.19±0.03ab 0.09±0.05a 0.09±0.07a K2 0.33±0.61Aa 0.56±0.07Aa 0.42±0.10a 0.34±0.06a 0.27±0.10a 0.28±0.14a 0.13±0.06a 0.19±0.12a K3 0.29±0.45ABa 0.49±0.08ABab 0.38±0.05ab 0.33±0.04a 0.29±0.09a 0.29±0.08a 0.19±0.09a 0.33±0.26b K4 0.30±0.52ABa 0.44±0.41ABab 0.37±0.14ab 0.30±0.05ab 0.29±0.11a 0.26±0.20ab 0.18±0.14a 0.24±0.19a Root tips (No plant 1 ) K ±475.76Bb 7.40±4.22a 1.40±2.19a K ±719.71ABa 15.20±12.44a 2.80±1.30a K ±835.29Aa 13.83±8.61a 3.50±3.27a K ±685.14Aa 11.83±3.76a 3.00±2.00a K ±690.64Aa 13.00±4.06a 2.00±2.45a >0.45 mm >2.0 mm, The few number of root volume in root diameter > 0.45 mm and tips in root diameter > 2.0 mm were ignored. K2 K3, K0, 2.0 mm< 2.5 mm 3.0 mm< 3.5 mm,, 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm,, 3 讨论, [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25],,, ( ), [12],,,, [26 27],,, ( ),, [28], [29 30], [15],

5 [12] Sánchez-Calderón [31],, IAA( ), IAA,, [12] Shin [32],, [33], [34],,,,,,,,,, [33], [34] [35], 23~184 μmol L 1 Pr 1.0 mm 0.5 mm< 1.0 mm <0.2 mm, [12], (0.25~0.45 mm) (>0.45 mm), (0.05~0.20 mm) [15], 2.0 mm, 0.1 mm 90%, 0.5 mm 98%, 2.0 mm K0, K2 0.5 mm 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm () [20], 2.5 mm< 3.0 mm 3.5 mm< 4.0 mm 4 结论,,,, 1.0 mm 90%, 0.5 mm 98%, 2.0 mm 50%, 2.0 mm 2.5< < 4.0,,,, K2 参考文献 [1],. [J]., 2003, 30(2): [2]. [D]. :, 2008 [3],,,. [J]., 2007, 46(5): [4]. [J]., 2004, 20(1): [5],,,. [J]., 2008(4): [6],,,. [J]., 1996, 23(2): [7],,,. [J]., 2010, 18(4): [8],,,. [J]., 2008, 39(2): [9],,. [J]., 2001, 20(6): [10] Sattelmacher B, Horst W J, Becker H C. Factors that contribute to genetic variation for nutrient efficiency of crop plants[j]. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 1994, 157(3): [11]. [M]. :, 2000: [12]. [J]., 1997, 34(2): [13] Mengel K. Responses of various crop species and cultivars to fertilizer application[j]. Plant Soil, 1983, 72(2/3): [14],,,. [J]., 2006, 26(6): [15],,,. [J]., 2009, 35(4):

6 5 : 541 [16],,. [J]., 2003, 23(4): [17],,. [J]., 2001, 7(1): [18],,,. [J]., 2000, 20(3): [19] Sullivan W M, Jiang Z C, Hull R J. Root morphology and its relationship with nitrate uptake in Kentucky bluegrass[j]. Crop Sci, 2000, 40(3): [20],,,. [J]., 2005, 21(3): [21],,,. [J]., 2002, 8(1): [22] Geiger D R, Conti T R. Relation of increasing potassium nutrient of photosynthesis and translocation of carbon[j]. Plant Physiol, 1983, 71(1): [23],,,. [J]., 2009(5): [24],,,. [J]., 2008, 24(11): [25],,,. [J]., 2001(4): [26],. [J]., 2007(8): [27],,,, [J]., 2011, 27(5): [28] Drew M C. Comparison of the effects of a localised supply of phosphate, nitrate, ammonium and potassium on the growth of the seminal root system, and the shoot, in barley[j]. New Phytol, 1975, 75(3): [29] Hodge A. The plastic plant: Root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients[j]. New Phytol, 2004, 162(1): 9 24 [30] de Jager A. Effects of localized supply of H 2 PO 4, NO 3, SO 2 4, Ca 2+, and K + on the production and distribution of dry matter in young maize plants[j]. Neth J Agric Sci, 1982, 30: [31] Sánchez-Calderón L, López-Bucio J, Chacón-López A, et al. Phosphate starvation induces a determinate developmental program in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana[j]. Plant Cell Physiol, 2005, 46(1): [32] Shin R, Schachtman D P. Hydrogen peroxide mediates plant root cell response to nutrient deprivation[j]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101(23): [33] Jung J Y, Shin R, Schachtman D P. Ethylene mediates response and tolerance to potassium deprivation in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell, 2009, 21(2): [34] Kim M J, Silvano C, Schachtman D P. A peroxidase contributes to ROS production during Arabidopsis root response to potassium deficiency[j]. Molecular Plant, 2010, 3(2): [35],,,. [J]., 2010, 19(1):

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7

吴根良等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 4 土传病害也因此日趋严重严重影响草莓的产量和品质轮作尤其是水旱轮作是克服连作障 5 6 233 棚揭开大棚膜其他大棚不揭膜都按常规进行水肥农药的管理 8 月初前作结束后用产品名碍的有效技术措施之一其中有关水稻草 7 24( 2) : 232 237 浙江农业学报 Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis 2012 http: / / www zjnyxb cn 2012 24( 2) : 吴根良忻雅童建新等不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 J 浙江农业学报 232 237 不同前作对设施草莓土壤环境动态变化和经济效益的影响 1 吴根良忻 ( 1 1 * 雅童建新1