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2009131 (Cold W ar International H istory),,, 2006,,, 60, : ; ;,,,,,,, 1949-1950

1 (Cold W ar International H istory),,, 2006,,, 60, : ; ;,,,,,,, ( ), 1949, 1949;,,, ; , 8, 1951 (06JZD0013),,, 34,

2 ,,,,,,, ; ; ; K27; K153 A (2009) ,,4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2004, ( ), ,,, 1949, Jon W1 Huebner, The Abortive L iberation of Taiwan, China Q uarterly, No1 110 (June 1987), pp ;, ; He D i, The Last Campaign to Unify China: The CCPπs Unmaterialized Plan to L iberate Taiwan, , Chi2 nese H istorians, No1 5 ( Sp ring 1992), pp11-16;, ; 50, ;, ; 1949, ;?, , 1 1, 1 1 ( m 1) - XX,, V, -, , 2: , :, 2005 (: ) (National Intelligence Council) (Cold W ar International H istory Project, Woodrow W ilson International Center for Scholars), , CW IHP : National Intelligence Council ( ed1), Tracking the D ragon N ational Intelligence Estim ates on China D uring the Era of M ao, , W ashington: Government Printing Office, , ( : ( ) ), 1-3(, 2008) 1-4 (, 2005), (, 2006), (, 2007) 35

3 ,,,,,526,,,, : ;,, ; 1, 611, :,: ( ),, : 15, 60 : 6,8 9,,1949,7 10,150,, 2,,,,, 523,, :,,, 3,62,, 4 613,,,625,, 6 14,,, ; :,,,,, 5 621, : : () ; () ; () ; (),,, 6,, 1949,,,,,, 3, 1000, 500 ( ), ,1300,, 7,, 19494,, 25, 4000, 183( : 1949,, 1217 (, 489), 621, 36 ( ), , ,,,

4 ),,,, ,, 26,, , 159, 33,10, 13,2,7, ,202 8,72: 9, 710,,, 100,,,,,, 726,, 10,1950,,, 19492,, 12,,, 6-8,, 627,,,,,,,,, 11, 11, 74, 1950,, , :, 10,, :,,,,, , ,,,,, , ,,, ,,,360 15,89 :,, 1987, ;:, :,, 1999, 1-8, ( 3 ), ORE 76-49, Oct1 19, 1949, C IA Research Re2 ports China, Reel - 1, pp ,: ( ), ,, 145, 11, 1329, 11-7, -, c ,,,, 37

5 : , ;, 22, 11,, ,,,,, 17, 725,:,,, (,, ),?,,? 18,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, (), 7 27,,, 19, 730,,,, :,,,,, 20 82,, :,,,,,,, (),,,, , 780, 86, 21,, (815120, ) 360, ,,, 97, , ,,11258, , ,, 13, 165, 1418, , ,, 13, 165, 1418, ; , c ;, 107, 123a, 1236, 118, , 1 ( ) / /, 1994, 6, 175, -, c

6 ,,, 926,,,,, 107: ( 13 ) 11:, ,,1017, 217,,24, (, ),,,,,,, ;,,, ,1269, 3251,, ,, 1029,,,,:,,,,, 22,,,,, 23,,, 111,,,,,, 113,,,,,,,, 1488, 3200,,, 1114 :,,?,, 24,,,,,, 11,,,,, :,,, , , ;:,, 1999, ,, 1994,, :, 1979, 50-84;, :, 1982, ,,, ;:, , 9-15, ;, , 3740( 3360), 279;

7 ,,, 1 2,,,,,, 1115, : 1950, 125,: 2,,,, ,, 2,,, :,,,, ;,,, 27,,,, ,, :,,,,,,, :,,, 28,,,,,,, 1218,,, :,,, ( ),,,,,, ,,,, ;, (,),, ;,, ,, :(),,? (),? (),? ()? 31,,, 32 24,,, , : 1,, 1987,

8 ,,, 19501,,,, 17,,, 33, 225, 34,,,,,,15, :,,,,,,, 5,, 1 27, 35,,,,, 1949,, 19493,,, 36 10, :,, ,,,,, 10 NSC37 /8, 1,,,,,,,,,,,, 128,,,,,,, 1, 256,,, 1992, NSC37 /8, The Position of the United States with Respect to formosa, October 6, 1949, D igital N ational Security A rchives, Presidential D irectives, Number: PD001101,NSC37,, ,,, NSC37 - NSC37 /1011,,, (NSC37 - NSC37 /10, D igital N ational Security A rchives, Presiden2 tial D irectives, Number: PD PD001121) : NSC37 /1, The Position of the United States with Respect to Formosa, Jan2 uary 19, 1949, Foreign Relations of the U nited S tates ( FRUS ), 1949, V ol19, The Far East: China, W ashington D1C1: GPO, 1974, pp

9 ,,, ,,,:,,,, (NSC37 /9),,,,,,,;, ; ; 38,,,,,,,, 39,,, 1229,, 12 23,,,,,,,,,, : (1),,, (2), ( 3),,,,, (4),,,, , /2,,,, 41, ,,,,,,,, Memorandum bym r1 Charlton Ogburn, J r1, of the Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs, November 2, 1949, FRUS, 1949, Vol19, 2,, 1960, pp , 524Memorandum by M r1 L ivingston T1 Mer2 chant to the D irector of the Office of Far Eastern Affairs (Butterworth), May 24, 1949, FRUS, 1949, Vol19, pp

10 15,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,, 214,,,, 19504, 4, 5,, NSC :,, 615 7,,,, 6 15,, 5 26,,, 42,, 112, ,,, ,,,,,,,,,,, 44,, ,,NSC68,,,,, NSC68 2, 10;, ( ),, 1991, : ,, 1992, 184, , 39-55, 1, NSC68, Note by the Executive Secretary to the National Security Council on United States Objectives and Program s for Na2 tional Security, Ap ril 14, 1950, FRUS, 1950, V ol11, N ational Security A ffairs, Foreign Econom ic Policy,W ashington D1C1: GPO, 1977, pp NSC68,: NSC68, :,, 1992, Zhai Q iang, The D ragon, Kent State University Press, the L ion, and the Eagle: Chinese - B ritish - Am erican Relations, , Kent, OH: 43

11 ,,,,,, ,,, 45,,,,,,, 425,, 68,, 46 4,,,,,,4 6,,, 15,, :, 18, ;,,, :,,,,, :,,,, 520,,, 47, 5 25, : ,,,, ; ;,,,, 12,, 48 69, 49,, 5 18,,,, Gordon H1 Chang, Friends and Enem ies: The U nited S tates, China, and the Soviet U nion, , Stanford, CA:, RG59, /5-350,, 45, RG330, CD ,, Stanford University Press, 1900, pp p174;, 50-51

12 ,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 50,, ,, 4,,, 410: 1950,,,,, : 1950, 426,, :,,,,,, - -, 51,5 25 -,,,,,,,,,, 52, 530,,,,,, 53,,, 1,,,,,,,, , :,, 6,, :, Memorandum by the A ssistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Rusk) to the Secretary of State, Ap ril 17, 1950, FRUS, 1950, V ol16, p13301, 316,,,,,, (NLT 85-20, C IA Memorandum, Official U se, 16 March 1950, D eclassified D ocum ents Reference System, Document Number: CK ),,511,,14, ;,, (Intelli2 gence Memorandum No1 292, 11 May 1950, D eclassified D ocum ents Reference System, Document Number: CK ) 45

13 ,,,, 55,6,, 612 :, 56,,,,,, 614,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,624,,,, 57 6, 25 :,,90%,,,,, :,,,, 6,,,,,, ,,,,, 19501,, 128,,,, 130, :,410-25, 243;, 48 MacA rthur Memorandum on Formosa, June 14, 1950, FRUS, 1950, V ol17, Korea, W ashington D1C1: GPO, 1976, pp , :,, 1971, (),, 2007, ; :,,, 1985, 687,, NSC61 /1, ( NSC61 /1, Coordination of U1S1 A id Program s for Far Eastern A reas, May 16, 1950, D igital N ational Security A rchives, Presidential D irectives, Number: PD001641)

14 ,,,,, 2 7, 3, 10, , 3,, 58,,, 59, 3 9,,, 8 84, , 1133,, , 1951, 61 5,, ,,, 32, :,, ,,1950,,, 4 84,,60 24, 51 64, 1951,3 11 :,, 65 3, 66, 413,,,, 1950,6 5, , ,, 1951,, ;, ;,,,, ,, , ,, 1 68, ,,, 2 15, 205, 164, , 12,, 2 11,,, 47

15 ,,, :,,,, 69 5,, 513 :, 6,, 8,, 7,,,5, 70, 513,, 19 71,,,,, 22, :,, 72,,,, 53, :, 73, 513,,,,,,, 74,,,,,, 75,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 517,, : , ; ,, ,,,, :,, 8, 2,, 77,, , (), 1558, 111, 1334, 156 / / 48, 2005, 5, ; ,, ( 1949 υ ), ; ,, 145, 11, 1331, , 1 1, Sergei N. Goncharov, John W. Lewis and Xue L itai, U ncertain Partner: S talin, M ao and the Korean W ar, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993, p11451

16 ,, : 19499, 11, ,,,,,, 80 78, 6,,,, :, 79,, 8,194912,19506, ,,:,, ( ), 3,, ;,, ;500, ;, ;25, 81,,,,, 626 :,,, 82,,6 27,,, 83,, 84 7, 85, 7, , ,, :,,,, , , 5 31,: 4,, :, , 2 61,(1950), :, 1994, , FRUS, 1950, Vol17, Korea,W ashington: GPO, 1976, pp : ( ),, 1997, ,, , 1,

17 , 1949 ;,,1949,,, ; ,8, 1951,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,, , , 76,575, 6,2000,, 89, , 41, 4,917 90,623 :,, 91,,,, 1949,,1950, 1950,,,,,,,, 1949,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 92,,,,,, ;,,, (4 ),,,, , 527, 66, :, 100: 2CKSP; 100: 3CKSP 50

18 ,, 627,,,,,,,,,, , ( ),. 45,. 1,. 331, , -, c ,, c : 5M.,, ,. 45,. 1,. 331, , - 4 M., ; : 5M M., M ;. ( ) M., ORE 76-49, Oct. 19, 1949, C IA Research Reports China, Reel - 1, pp M., M. 473, , 497, 498, 500, ( ) : M ,,. 45,. 1,. 328, ,, 1996, 5, ;,. : 1M., ; A. : 1M (), -, , -, ,. 45,. 1,. 328, ,,. 45,. 1,. 328, , 14 : M. 541;. J., 1994, (1) : ,. : 1M., , A. : 1M ;. : M., ;. ( ) : M., / /, 1991, 6,. 88; Sergei N. Goncharov, John W. Lewis, and Xue L itai, U ncertain Partner: S talin, M ao, and the Korean W ar, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993, pp M. 475; : M Z., ;. Z. :, : 1M., , 137, , , 230, 271, M. 479., 19509,, :, ,

19 , ( ),. 07,. 22,. 36,. 220, ;,. 100,. 36,. 150,. 4, , -, : 1M. 313, ,, ,,. 261.,. 45,. 1,. 329,. 9-17, -,. 3,. 65,. 364,. 73, - 33M. 493;. J., 1991, (1) : 67;. Z., Chen J ian, Chinas Road to the Korean W ar: TheM aking of the S ino - Am erican Confrontation, New York: Columbia U2 niversity Press, 1994, p ORE 39-49, March 14, 1949, C IA Research Reports China, Reel - 1, pp ORE 76-49, Oct. 19, 1949, C IA Research Reports China, Reel - 1, pp NSC37 /9, Possible United States M ilitary Action toward Taiwan Not Involving Major M ilitary Forces, 27 December 1949, FRUS, 1949, V ol. 9, pp ; D igital N ational Security A rchives, PresidentialD irectives, Number: PD : Z., Memorandum by the A ssistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Butterworth) 28, 1949, FRUS, 1949, V ol. 9, pp to the Secretary of State, December 40Memorandum of Conversation, by the Secretary of State, 29 December 1949, FRUS, 1949, V ol. 9, pp Reel 2, NSC 48 /2: The Position of the U. S. with Respect to A sia, December 30, 1949, in Paul Kesaris ( ed. ), D ocu2 m ents of the N ational Security Council: (m icroform ), W ashington: University Publications of America, 1980, pp The Charge in China ( Strong) to the Secretary of State, May 17, 1950, FRUS, 1950, V ol. 6, East A sia and the Pacific, W ashington D. C. : GPO, 1976, pp Dorothy Borg and W aldo Heinriches ( eds. ), U ncertain Years: Columbia University Press, 1980, pp , p. 89. Chinese Am erican Relations, , New York: 44David Mayers, C racking the M onolith: U. S. Policy A gainst the S ino - Soviet A lliance, , Baton Rouge: Louisi2 ana State University Press, 1986, p. 80; Gordon H. Chang, Friends and Enem ies: The U nited S tates, China, and the Soviet U nion, , Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990, pp A.,. C., , / /, 2002, 2, c MacA rthur to Department of the A rmy, C 56410, May 20, 1950, Formosa folder, box 2, RG 6, MacA rthur Papers; B radley to Johnson, May 31, 1950, CCS 381, Formosa ( ), JCS R ecords, RG 218, National A rchives. 48. M.., Memorandum by M r. John Foster Dulles, Consultant to the Secretary of State, May 18, 1950, FRUS, 1950, V ol. tional Security A ffairs, Foreign Econom ic Policy, W ashington D. C. : GPO, 1977, pp , N a2 51Memorandum by the A ssistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Rusk) to the Secretary of State, 26 Ap ril 1950, FRUS, 1950, V ol. 6, pp Memorandum by the Special A ssistant to the Secretary of Defense for Foreign M ilitary Affairs and A ssistance (Burns) to the A ssistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Rusk), 29 M ay 1950, FRUS, 1950, V ol. 6, pp Memorandum by the Deputy Special A ssistant for Intelligence (Howe) to M r. W. Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research, 31 M ay, 1950, FRUS, 1950, V ol. 6, pp Memorandum by the Deputy Special A ssistant for Intelligence (Howe) to M r. W. Park A rm strong, Special A ssistant to the Park A rm strong, Special A ssistant to the Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research, FRUS, 1950, V ol. 6, pp ; Rusks report ofmay 31, 1950, 52

20 Department of State Records, RG 59, N ational A rchives. 55Robert D. Accinelli, C risis and Comm itm ent: U nited S tates Policy tow ard Taiw an, , Chapel H ill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996, p : (7) M., (1950) Z. :, , , 29,,. 45,. 1,. 346, , ,,. 45,. 1,. 346, ,. 059a,. 5a,. 11,. 4,. 148.,. 059a,. 5a,. 11,. 4, ; , 318,,. 45,. 1,. 346, Z. 531Z.. : 4Z , : 2M ; ; , ; 307; ; ; M ( ) : M., ; 72,. 45,. 1,. 347,. 12,.. : , :, 2000, , ,. 45,. 1,. 331,. 54.,. 059a,. 5a,. 11,. 3, ; 513 Z. : 4Z ,,. 45,. 1,. 331, : 1M., M., 1997, (5) : 39-40; M CCS 381, Formosa ( ), sec. 3, JCS Records, RG 218, in Schaller, The Am erican O ccupation of Japan: The O rigins of The Cold W ar in A sia, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc, 1985, pp N., (1). 84IM 312, July 26, 1950, DDRS, CK : 3M , J., 1997, (5) : 42, M., : 9 M. :, ( : ) 53

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