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1 3 :,, ;,, ,,, : ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,, :,, 3 ( : 05JJD71003) Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European S tates: AD , Cambridge, Mass. : B. B lackwell, David Jacobs, Inequality and Police Strength: Conflict Theory and Coercive Control in Metropolitan A reas, Am erican Socio2 54 logical Review, vol. 44, no. 6, 1979, pp ; David Jacobs and Ronald E. Helm s, Testing Coercive Exp lanations for O rder: The Determ inants of Law Enforcement Strength over Time, Social Forces, vol. 75, no. 4, 1997, pp

2 ,,,,,,, ( International Comparative V ictim ization Stud2 ies) ( International Comparative Self2report Surveys),,,,,,,? 1 : (UNDP) 2007 /2008, www. na2 tionmaster. com, (Borge Bakken) :,, :, Borge Bakken, Comparative Perspectives on Crime in Chi2 na, in Bgrge Bakken ed. Crim e, Punishm ent, and Policing in China, Lanham: Rowman & L ittlefield, 2005, pp ,,, 5%, 10%,, 20% : :,,

3 2009 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,?, ,,,,,,,,,, W alter U llmann, A History of Political Thought: M iddle age, Baltimore: Penguin Books, : : 19,, 1991 ;, :, 3, 909,, :,, 2005 ; : :,, 2006 ; ( Pierre2Etienne W ill) :,, 2006 ;W illiam T. Rowe, Hankow, Comm erce and Society in a Chinese City, , Stanford: Stan2 ford University Press, 1984.

4 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( infrastructural power),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, :,, M ichaelmann ( despotic power) ( infrastructural power), ( ), M ichael Mann, The Autono2 mous Power of the State: Its O rigins, Mechanism s and Results, European A rchive of Sociology, no. 25, 1984, pp :, 54 55,, 24 (1935) :, 4 5,, 2003 ; H siao Kung2ch uan ( ), Rural China: Im perial Control in the N ineteenth Century, Seattle: University ofw ashington Press, 1960, p

5 2009 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( state building), ( Philip J. Stead) :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, :,, ;, : Ronald Troyer, Chinese Thinking about Crime and Social Control, in R. J. Troyer, J. P. Clark & D. G. Rojek eds. Social Philip J. Stead, The Police of France, New York: Macm illan, 1983, p : : , ( ), Control in the People s Republic of China, New York: Praeger, 1989, p. 46.

6 ,,,,,,,,,,, 1949,,,,, 1949,,, , 7 8,, , , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) H siao Kung2ch uan ( ), Rural China: Im perial Control in the N ineteenth Century, Seattle University of W ashington Press, 1960, p. 55. Stephen MacKinnon, A late Q ing2gmd - PRC Connection: Police as an A rm of the Modern Chinese State, Selected Papers in Asian S tudies, New Series, :, 93 94,,

7 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) : He B ingsong, Crime and Control in China, In H. - G. Heiland, L. I. Shelley and H. Katoh eds. C rim e and Control in Com parative Perspectives, W alter de Gruyter, 1991, pp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,,,,,, 3,, 30, ,, :,,

8 ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 70, 20,,, ( ),,,, 30,,,,,,, 32000, 20,, ,,,,,, :,, 119,,

9 2009 2,,,, (M ichael Dutton),,,,,,,,,,,, GDP 4 7 ( 2), , 40, , 30, GDP : :,, Deng Xiao gang. and Ann Cordilia, To Get R ich is Glorious: R ising Expectations, Declining Control, and Escalating Crime M ichael Dutton, The End of the (Mass) L ine? Chinese Policing in the Era of the Contract, Social Justice, vol. 27, no. 2, :,, 51 53, , 17,, 1987 ;, 208,, 2005, < http: / /big5. gov. cn /gate /big5 /www. gov. cn /xwfb / / 62 in Contemporary China, International Journal of O ffender Therapy and Com parative Crim inology, vol. 43, no. 2, 1999, pp , pp / content_ htm >

10 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,, ( ),,, 20,,,,,,,, 20 80,,,,,,, 80,, 2 3, ,, 10. 8% ( ), 20. 4% ( ),,, M ichael Dutton, Toward a Government of Contract: Policing in the Era of Reform, in Bgrge Bakken ed. Crim e, Punish2 m ent, and Policing in China, Lanham: Rowman & L ittlefield,

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13 : :,, 2005 ; :,, 2005 ( ) 20 90, , 10. 6% %, , , 17. 9% %, , ,,,,,,, 20 90,, 1998,, 1998, 90,,,,,,,, 1998, ( 4), M ichael Dutton, The Basic Character of Crime in Contemporary China, The China Q uarterly, no. 149, 1997, pp : :, 66 ( ),

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, ( Fareed Zakaria), ( Samuel P. Huntington),,,,,,, 1964,,, 1993 ( Foreign A ffa irs), 2000 ( The N ew sw eek) : 116 : ( ),, 2001 Fareed Zak

,,,,,,,?? : 2008 /3 ( 15 ), 115 128 Q uarterly Journal of Intenational Politics 115 , ( Fareed Zakaria), ( Samuel P. Huntington),,,,,,, 1964,,, 1993 ( Foreign A ffa irs), 2000 ( The N ew sw eek) 2003 2008