從敵情到學術︰英文學界之北韓史研究︳二十一世紀

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1 學術綜述從敵情到學術英文學界之北韓史研究毛升一前言 ,643 Douglas MacArthur 1 Korean Studies * 本文在寫作過程中得到華東師範大學冷戰國際史研究中心李丹慧教授的支持, 特此感謝二十一世紀雙月刊 2019 年 8 月號總第一七四期

2 96 學術綜述 Charles K. Armstrong 二史料 1950 Records Seized by U.S. Military Forces in Korea The National Archives at College Park, Maryland Record Group 242 1,608,

3 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars The Cold War International History Project, CWIHP The North Korea International Documentation Project, NKIDP 7 8 英文學界之 97 北韓史研究三主要研究成果及研究範式 1972 Communism in Korea Robert A. Scalapino

4 98 學術綜述 9 1, Kim Il Sung: The North Korean Leader Juche bk 1980 The Guerilla Dynasty: Politics and Leadership in North Korea Adrian Buzo 1975 bl People s Democracy bm Vyacheslav Molotov 1980 Totalitarian school Revisionist school

5 bn 1940 Bruce Cumings bo 2018 Andre Schmid Pierre Bourdieu bp The North Korean Revolution, 英文學界之 99 北韓史研究

6 100 學術綜述 Nationalist Stalinism bq Andrei Lankov From Stalin to Kim Il Sung: The Formation of North Korea,

7 1956 br 1956 Crisis in North Korea: The Failure of De-Stalinization, Juche Socialism 1956 bs Balázs Szalontai Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era: Soviet-DPRK Relations and the Roots of North Korean Despotism, intense 英文學界之 101 北韓史研究

8 102 學術綜述 and xenophobic nationalism bt 1990 Post-revisionist school Modernity school Michel Foucault European disciplinary culture

9 ck Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, cl Everyday Life in the North Korean Revolution, 英文學界之 103 北韓史研究

10 104 學術綜述 Fernand Braudel Henri Lefebvre Michel de Certeau cm Socialist Modernity cn Jane Portal Art under Control in North Korea Socialist Realist Art co

11 Illusive Utopia: Theater, Film, and Everyday Performance in North Korea cp theatre state cq Cultural Cold War 英文學界之 105 北韓史研究四結論與討論

12 106 學術綜述 1990 cr cs ct dk 註釋 13 Bruce Cumings, North Korea: Another Country (New York: New Press, 2004), 8-10; 5. 2 Charles K. Armstrong, Development and Directions of Korean Studies in the United States, Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies 1, no. 1 (2014): Charles K. Armstrong, Trends in the Study of North Korea, The Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 2 (2011): Dae-sook Suh, Records Seized by U.S. Military Forces in Korea, , Korean Studies, vol. 2 (1978):

13 6 Dae-sook Suh, Kim Il Sung: The North Korean Leader (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); Charles K. Armstrong, The North Korean Revolution, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003); Suzy Kim, Everyday Life in the North Korean Revolution, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013). 7 Andrei Lankov, From Stalin to Kim Il Sung: The Formation of North Korea, (London: Hurst & Company, 2002); Crisis in North Korea: The Failure of De-Stalinization, 1956 (Honolulu: University of Hawai i Press, 2005); Balázs Szalontai, Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era: Soviet-DPRK Relations and the Roots of North Korean Despotism, (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005); Charles K. Armstrong, Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013). 8 這一方面比較重要的英文書或英譯本如下 :Kang Chol-hwan and Pierre Rigoulot, The Aquariums of Pyongyang: Ten Years in the North Korean Gulag, trans. Yair Reiner (New York: Basic Books, 2001); Erik Cornell, North Korea under Communism: Report of an Envoy to Paradise (New York: Routledge, 2002); Guy Delisle, Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea, trans. Helge Dascher (Montreal: Drawn & Quarterly, 2003); Michael Harrold, Comrades and Strangers: Behind the Closed Doors of North Korea (West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2004); Bradley K. Martin, Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2004); Mike Kim, Escaping North Korea: Defiance and Hope in the World s Most Repressive Country (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008); Charles Jenkins, The Reluctant Communist: My Desertion, Court-Martial, and Forty-Year Imprisonment in North Korea (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2008); Kim Yong with Kim Suk-young, Long Road Home: Testimony of a North Korean Camp Survivor (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009); Barbara Demick, Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea (London: Granta Books, 2010) 9 Robert A. Scalapino and Chong-sik Lee, Communism in Korea (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1972). bk Dae-sook Suh, Kim Il Sung: The North Korean Leader. bl Adrian Buzo, The Guerilla Dynasty: Politics and Leadership in North Korea (New York: I. B. Tauris & Co., Ltd., 1999). bm Croey Ross, Constructing Socialism at the Grass-Roots: The Transformation of East Germany, (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000), 9; R. J. Crampton, Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century and After, 2d ed. (New York: Routledge, 1997). bn David L. Hoffmann, Introduction: Interpretations of Stalinism, in Stalinism: The Essential Readings, ed. David L. Hoffmann (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003), 2-4; Sheila Fitzpartick, Politics as Practice: Thoughts on a New Soviet Political History, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 5, no. 1 (2004): bo Bruce Cumings, North Korea: Another Country; Getting North Korea Wrong, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 71, no. 4 (2015): bp Andre Schmid, Historicizing North Korea: State Socialism, Population Mobility, and Cold War Historiography, American Historical Review 123, no. 2 (2018): bq Charles K. Armstrong, The North Korean Revolution, br Andrei Lankov, From Stalin to Kim Il Sung. 英文學界之 107 北韓史研究

14 108 學術綜述 bs Andrei Lankov, Crisis in North Korea. bt Balázs Szalontai, Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era. ck Stephen Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997); David L. Hoffmann, ed., Stalinism; Peter Holquist, Making War, Forging Revolution: Russia s Continuum of Crisis, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002); David L. Hoffmann, Cultivating the Masses: Modern State Practices and Soviet Socialism, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011); Stephen Kotkin, Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, (New York: Penguin Books, 2014). cl Charles K. Armstrong, Tyranny of the Weak. 該書在 2013 年出版後曾廣受好評, 次年獲得美國歷史學協會頒發的費正清獎 (John K. Fairbank Prize) 但因某些史料存在偽造的嫌疑, 引發學術規範爭議, 作者退回了獎項, 並對原書相關地方做了改正, 重新出版雖然該事件是近年來美國北韓研究領域的一宗醜聞, 但該書的寫作視角有很大的創新, 仍值得列入學術史中加以討論 cm Fernand Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life: Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, vol. 1, trans. Siân Reynolds (New York: Harper & Row, 1982); Henri Lefebvre, Critique of Everyday Life, 3 vols., trans. John Moore (London: Verso, ); Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life, trans. Steven F. Rendall (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984). cn Suzy Kim, Everyday Life in the North Korean Revolution, co Jane Portal, Art under Control in North Korea (London: Reaktion Books, 2005). cp Suk-young Kim, Illusive Utopia: Theater, Film, and Everyday Performance in North Korea (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2010). cq Heonik Kwon and Byung-ho Chung, North Korea: Beyond Charismatic Politics (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012), cr 這些領域比較具有代表性的著作包括 :Hazel Smith, Hungry for Peace: International Security, Humanitarian Assistance, and Social Change in North Korea (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2005); Andrei Lankov, North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2007); Tessa Morris-Suzuki, Exodus to North Korea: Shadows from Japan s Cold War (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2007); Ralph Hassig and Kongdan Oh, The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009); Andrei Lankov, The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013) cs Sonia Ryang, Introduction: North Korea: Going beyond Security and Enemy Rhetoric, in North Korea: Toward a Better Understanding, ed. Sonia Ryang (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009), 1-6; Michael J. Seth, introduction to North Korea: A History (London: Palgrave, 2018), vii-viii. ct 沈志華 : 最後的天朝 : 毛澤東金日成與中朝關係, 增訂版 ( 香港 : 中文大學出版社,2018); 毛升 : 沈志華, 最後的天朝 : 毛澤東金日成與中朝關係 ( ) ( 上下冊 ), 中央研究院近代史研究所集刊, 第 98 期 (2017 年 12 月 ), 頁 dk Zhihua Shen and Yafeng Xia, A Misunderstood Friendship: Mao Zedong, Kim Il-sung, and Sino-North Korean Relations, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2018). 毛升

38 學術論文 1970 1950 1960 5 1960 6 7 1950 1960 1960 1962 1966 一經濟危機與政權危機 1958 1960 1959 1961 1960 8 1962 6 9 1962 1 2 bk 1961 1963 1,800 2,60

38 學術論文 1970 1950 1960 5 1960 6 7 1950 1960 1960 1962 1966 一經濟危機與政權危機 1958 1960 1959 1961 1960 8 1962 6 9 1962 1 2 bk 1961 1963 1,800 2,60 學術論文大饑荒之後的緊急措施 : 計劃生育政策的重啟 1962-1966 霍炫吉摘要 : 本文旨在聚焦大躍進之後中國重啟的計劃生育政策, 分析其與大躍進和大饑荒之間的因果關係, 並記述這一時期計生政策實施的具體過程本文認為, 1962