28 3 Vol.28, No JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY Jun., [J] (3): : (2012) , 2, 3 1, 2 1,

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1 28 3 Vol.28, No JOURNL OF TROPIL METEOROLOGY Jun., [J] (3): : (2012) , 2, 3 1, 2 1, NEP/NR mm/d1990 <Q 1 > <Q 2 > <Q 1 >-<Q 2 > : :P426.6 : Doi /j.issn % 7 8 [1] [2 3] [4] [5] El Niño El Niño : ; : B29B02 E-mil gunzy@nuist.edu.n

2 [6 10] IOD 6 8 [11] L Niñ IOD El Niño IOD [12] d d [13] [14 15] [16] [17] d [18] [19] 1998 El Niño [14] [20 21] [22] [23] [24 25] Qin [26] 99 ( ) NEP/ NR [27] NEP E N 84 Jones [28] <Q 1 > <Q 2 > Q 1 Q 2 [29] T p ( ( ) k Q V T ) 1 p 1 t p p 0 q q Q L( V q ) 2 2 t p 1 2 Q 1 ( ) 1 LP r L LE Q s Q R p T Q 1 d p g ps p 1 T Q 2 d p g p S 3 Q ( LP L LE) LE 2 r s 4 Q Q Q ( Q LE ) 1 2 R s s 5

3 369 L P r Q S E E S QR ( ) p S p T 300 hp 85 90 75 80 85 90 75 80 3 1979 2008 30 2 760 84 1 mm 99 (25.0 mm/d) 99 ( ) ( ) 19 85 90 ( ) 75 80 (D ) 108 111 ( 1) 1 / mm/d [100% 99%) >25.

3 3 369 L P r Q S E E S QR ( ) p S p T 300 hp mm 99 (25.0 mm/d) 99 ( ) ( ) ( ) (D ) ( 1) 1 / mm/d [100% 99%) >25.0 P [99% 90%] [25.0, 15.0] P B (90% 85%) (15.0, 12.8) P [85%, 80%] [12.8, 10.9] P D (80% 75%) (10.9, 9.3) P E [75% 0] 9.3 P F E E E 1990 [30] 1 ( ) () ()

4 mm/d 35 mm/d [31 32] d 3d E 3d 30 N 10 P/s mm/d

5 3 371 d 3 ( ) ( m/s) 850 hp() 500 hp() 200 hp() E (d ω 100 ) 0.05 t [33 34] 300 hp hp - 4 ( 10 6 kg/s) ( kg/(m s)) 0.05 t 4.3 Luo [29] <Q 1 > <Q 2 > [32] - ( 5 5) [22] <Q 1 >-<Q 2 > 5 <Q 1 > <Q 2 > 5 <Q 1 >-<Q 2 > 15 N E Gill [35]

6 E 5.1 ( 6) ( 2) 20 mm/d 40 mm/d 6 E 15 mm/d 5 <Q 1 >() <Q 2 >() < Q 1 >-< Q 2 >() W/m t 100 W/m 2 50 W/m () E () mm/d N

7 E d 30 N 4 P/s 10 P/s d 7 m/s 850 hp 500 hp 200 hp E d ω t 8 E ( ) E ( 8 8) ( 8) - ( 8d) ( ) E 0.05

8 E d 8 7 E E 9 E t <Q 1 > <Q 2 > <Q 1 >-<Q 2 > <Q 1 > <Q 2 > E W/m W/m W/m 2 E -50 W/m 2 <Q 1 >- Q 2 > [36]

9 <Q 1 >() <Q 2 >() < Q 1 >-< Q 2 >() W/m t 50 W/m 2 30 W/m 2 9 E 10 6 Kg/s kg/m s 0.05 t E

10 [8 10, 12, 19, 36 37] El Niño / E 12 GM GM 7 12 () () E () 30 ( ) 0.05 t mm/d t

11 (3 ) 4 El Niño E ( ) NEP/NR NO-IRES limte Dignostis enter GrDS [1],,. [J]. :, 1993, 29( ): [2] ZHI P M, ZHNG X Z, WN H, et l. Trends in totl preipittion nd frequeny of dily preipittion extremes over hin[j]. J limte, 2005, 18(7): [3],. [J]., 2005, 41(6): [4],. [J]., 1989, 9(1): [5],. [J]., 1986, 10(4): [6],,. [J]., 1997, 7(4): [7] ZHNG R, SUMI, KIMOTO M. Impt of El Nino on the Est sin monsoon: dignosti study of the 86/87 nd 91/92 events[j]. Meteor So Jpn, 1996, 74(1): [8] ZHNG R, SUMI, KIMOTO M. dignosti study of the impt of El Nino on the preipittion in hin[j]. dv tmos Si, 1999, 16(2): [9] WNG B, YNG J, ZHOU T J. Interdedl hnges in the mjor modes of sin-ustrlin Monsoon vriility: Strengthening reltionship with ENSO sine the lte 1970s[J]. J limte, 2008, 21(8): [10] GUN Z Y, LI L P. Internnul vriility of summer limte of hin in ssoition with ENSO nd the Indin Oen Dipole[M]//Regionl limte Studies of hin. Spring-Verlg Berlin Heidelerg, 2008: [11] SJI N H, YMGT T. Possile impts of Indin Oen Dipole mode events on glol limte[j]. lim Res, 2003, 25(2): [12],,. IOD ENSO [J]., 2007, 20(2): [13],. [J]., 2008, 19(6): [14],, [J]., 1998, 3(4): [15],. [J]., 1998, 56(2): [16], [J]., 2002, 60(4): [17] NN S, LI J P. The reltionship etween the summer preipittion in the Yngtze River vlley nd the orel spring Southern Hemisphere nnulr mode[j]. Geophys, Res, Lett, 2003, 30(24): [18], [J]., 2005, 63(5): [19] [J]., 1996, 19(3): [20], [J]., 2009, 25(3): [21], [J]., 2008, 32(6): [22],, [J]., 2008, 2(1): 1-7. [23],, [J]., 2005, 29(2): [24] KUNKEL K E, NDSGER K, ESTERLING D R. Long-term trends in extreme preipittion events over the onterminous United Sttes nd nd[j]. J limte, 1999, 8(12): [25] YMMOTO R, SKURI Y. Long-term intensifition of extremely hevy rinfll intensity in reent 100 yers[j]. World Resoure Rev, 1999, 11(2): [26] QIN W H, LIN X. Regionl trends in reent preipittion indies in hin[j]. Meteorology nd tmospheri Physis, 2005, 3(4): [27] KLNY E, KNMITSU M, KISTLER R, et l. The NEP/NR 40-yer renlysis projet[j]. Bull mer Meteor So, 1996, 77(3): [28] JONES P D, RPER S B, BRDLEY R S. Northern hemisphere surfe ir temperture vritions: [J]. limte nd pplied Meteorology, 1986, 25(2): [29] LUO H B, YNI M. The lrge-sle irultion nd het soures over the Tietn Plteu nd surrounding res during the erly summer of 1979, Prk : Het nd moisture udgets[j]. Mon We Rev, 1984, 112(5): [30],,, [J]., 2006, 2(1): [31],. [J]., 2006, 22(1): [32],. [J]., 1962, 32(1): 1-32.

12 [33] MURKMI T. The generl irultion nd wter vpor lne over the fr Est during the riny seson[j]. Geophys Mgzine, 1959, 29(2): [34] DING Y H. Summer monsoon rinflls in hin[j]. Meteor So Jpn, 1992, 70(1): [35] GILL E. Some simple solutions for het-indued tropil irultion[j]. Qurt J R Met So, 1980, 106(5): [36],. [J]., 2006, 32(1): [37],,. SST [J]., 2009, 25(4): OMPRISONS OF IRULTION NOMLIES BETWEEN THE DILY PREIPITTION EXTREME ND NON-EXTREME EVENTS IN THE MIDDLE ND LOWER REHES OF YNGTZE RIVER IN BOREL SUMMER HN Jie 1, 2, 3, GUN Zho-yong 1, 2, LI Ming-gng 1, 2 1. Boji Meteorologil Bureu, Boji , hin; 2. Shool of tmospheri Sienes, NUIST, Nnjing , hin 3. Key Lortory of Meteorologil Disster of Ministryof Edution, NUIST, Nnjing , hin strt:bsed on the NEP/NR renlysis dtset nd in situ meteorologil oservtions of dily preipittion in orel summer from 1979 to 2008, the fetures of the irultion nomlies hve een investigted for oth dily preipittion extreme (DPE) events, nd the non-extreme (NEDP) events of dily preipittion on regionl sle in the middle nd lower rehes of Yngtze river in the present study. The DPE events re defined s events whose preipittion mounts re ove the 99 perentile in rerrnged time series in sending order in preipittion mount of the regionl men dily preipittion in the river rehes wheres the non-extremes re defined here s the events whose perentiles re from 85 to 90 nd from 75 to 80 in the sme time series of preipittion. Our results showed tht the threshold of the preipittion mount of the DPEs is 25 mm/d. The ourrenes of DPEs in the river rehes hnge on oth internnul nd weekly sles. Both the DPE nd NEDP events tend to our more frequently in Meiyu/Biu period, espeilly fter the 1990s. The irultion nomlies in DPE nd NEDP events show some similr distriutions suh s n nomlous ntiylone over the Southern hin Se nd northwestern Pifi, n nomlous ylone over regions northwest of the preipittion re, nd the divergent flow emnting from the rinfll re outwrd t the upper troposphere. However, different fetures re lerly seen etween these two types of events y ig differenes in oth the intensity nd lotion of the nomlous irultion. The nomlous irultions of the DPE events re intensified s ompred to those of the NEDP events. The nomlous irultions in the upper troposphere in the DPE events mth more effetively with the nomlous irultions in the lower troposphere thn those in the NEDP events. Different soures of wter vpor re found to e relted to different types of preipittion events; the vpor is from the By of Bengl in the DPE events wheres it is from the South hin Se in the NEDP events. The pprent diti heting nd vpor soures in these two types of events re exmined, whih show stronger net heting over the northern flnk of the rinfll re nd stronger ooling in northwestern Pifi in the DPE events. The stronger ooing over oens filittes the mintenne of n nomlous ntiylone over the southestern ostl res. Interestingly, very signifint se surfe temperture nomlies (SST) re oserved in the Pifi in the DPE other thn the NEDP events, whih look similr to the SST pttern of El Nino episodes. Both the nomlous irultion nd SST ptterns in the DPE events re more signifint sttistilly in lrge res thn those in the NEDP events. lmost no signifint signls (0.05 level of onfidene) re found in SST in the NEDP events. The weker signifine of oth irultion nomlies nd SST in the NEDP events suggest tht the NEDP events re more proly indued y the lol irultion nomlies thn y oth the lol nd remote foring from the middle ltitudes nd tropis. Key words:limtology; dily preipittion extremes; non-extreme preipittion events; tmospheri irultion; middle nd lower rehes of Yngtze River; SST

GOALS [7] T42 T21 [9 10] R15L9 GOALS - k- Mne Monin-Ouhov [3 7] R15L R42L9 AMIP PCMDI m SSiB 13 [3] Wu [11] 1

GOALS [7] T42 T21 [9 10] R15L9 GOALS - k- Mne Monin-Ouhov [3 7] R15L R42L9 AMIP PCMDI m SSiB 13 [3] Wu [11] 1 21 3 Vol.21, No.3 2005 06 JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY Jun.,2005 :1004-4965(2005)03-0225-13 1. 100029 2. 510080 3. 100081 : GOALS/LASG 15 R15 42 R42 10 El Niño :GOALS :P461.2 文献标识码 :A (R15L9) [1] [2]