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1 48 3 Vol.48, No OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA May, 2017 (Sesuvium portulacastrum) * ( ; ), (Sesuvium portulacastrum),,,, 35 30,, 0 20,,,, ANV , 2,,, 100g, kJ, 93g, 2.6g, 1.4g, 3.0g, 0.95g; ;, Na>K>Ca>Mg>P>I>Mn> Fe>Zn>Cu>Se, ; E, β- ; 16,,,, 23.02%, 39.39% RAA , RC , SRC 90.69, (Sesuvium portulacastrum); ; ; Q946; Q949.9 doi: /hyhz , (, 2004),,,, (, 1999),,,, (Sesuvium portulacastrum) (Aizoaceae) (Sesuvium),, (, 1964),,, (, 2009), (, 2009; Shabala, 2013; Ventura et al, 2014),,, (Lokhande et al, 2009) *, 2013B , 2013B , 2015B ;, ;, ;,, zengbijian@gdei.edu.cn :,, lsshjr@mail.sysu.edu.cn : , :

2 3 : (Sesuvium portulacastrum) 569,, (Magwa et al, 2006),,,,,, (Sesuvium portulacastrum) ( E, N) ,,, 5cm, 5min,, 1/2 Hoagland (Arnon et al, 1940),,, /2 Hoagland,, A B C D E,, 30, 50,, (GB5009), (GB ); GB/T ; FAAS (GB/T ),,, ; β- E B 2 B 1 GB/T , GB/T , PP C HPLC, B 6 GB ; GB/T (Averge nutive value, ANV): Grubben, ANV (, 1992) : ANV= (g)/5+ (g)+ (mg)/100+ (mg)/2+ (mg)+ (mg)/40 : 100g, 10 22, ; 5 9, ; 3 4, ; 1 2, (, 1999) : (WHO/FAO), (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/Word Health Organization, 1973), (RAA, Ratio of amino acid) (RC, Ratio coefficient of amino acid) (SRC, Score of RC) RAA, RC 1, 1 RC 1,, 1, RC SRC Excel 2007 Origin ,,, A B C, D, E 1,,,, ,, 30,,, 2, E, 50, 30%,, 1 2 A B (P=0.13), (E, ),

570 海洋与湖 48 卷沼见海马齿的茎生长明显受到盐度的影响, 高盐度条件对海马齿的生长有抑制作用 2.1.2 生长情况如图 3 所示, 随着盐度的升高, 海马齿的存活率逐渐降低 A B C 三组的存活率在 90%以上, D 组为 73%, E 组低至 30% 培养 50 天后, A B C 三组的海马齿生长良好, 湿重明显增加除了 A B 和 C 三组无显著差异(P>0.

1 不同盐度对海马齿植株生长的影响 The effect of salinity on the growth of S. portulacastrum 2.2 海马齿的营养价值首先, 从海马齿的基本营养成分看, 如表 1 所示, 每 100g 海马齿食用部分, 根据食物能量计算公式 (Livesey, 2001), 总能量为 74.9 93.3kJ, 水分含量为 93%, 灰分为 2.

3 570 海洋与湖 48 卷沼见海马齿的茎生长明显受到盐度的影响, 高盐度条件对海马齿的生长有抑制作用生长情况如图 3 所示, 随着盐度的升高, 海马齿的存活率逐渐降低 A B C 三组的存活率在 90%以上, D 组为 73%, E 组低至 30% 培养 50 天后, A B C 三组的海马齿生长良好, 湿重明显增加除了 A B 和 C 三组无显著差异(P>0.05), 其余各组间的湿重增加量差异显著(P<0.05) 可见, 0 20 盐度为海马齿栽培的适宜盐度, 海马齿的存活率高, 生物量增长快 30 盐度下海马齿的生长受到限制, 存活率降低, 植株生长变慢 35 盐度下海马齿存活率大大降低, 植株发育受到显著的抑制图1 Fig.1 不同盐度对海马齿植株生长的影响 The effect of salinity on the growth of S. portulacastrum 2.2 海马齿的营养价值首先, 从海马齿的基本营养成分看, 如表 1 所示, 每 100g 海马齿食用部分, 根据食物能量计算公式 (Livesey, 2001), 总能量为 kJ, 水分含量为 93%, 灰分为 2.6%, 粗纤维为 0.95%, 蛋白质占 3.0%, 碳水化合物为 1.4%, 脂肪含量低于 0.5% 灰分是含量最高的基本营养物质, 而粗纤维的含量最低, 海马齿具有肉质多水的特点每 100g 海马齿含有两种重要的多不饱和脂肪酸, 亚麻酸含量为 g, 亚油酸为 g 亚麻酸和亚油酸是重要的营养成分, 能够为人体提供必需脂肪酸其次, 海马齿含有种类丰富的矿质元素(表 2) 海马齿的矿质元素以 Na 和 K 为主, Ca Mg 和 P 次之, 图2 Fig.2 I Mn Fe Zn Cu Se 依次降低 K Na 元素能 E 组海马齿植株形态 The plant morphological of S. portulacastrum in group E 图3 Fig.3 调节人体细胞液的渗透压, 维持机体的酸碱平衡海盐度胁迫下海马齿存活率与湿重增加量 The survival rate and wet weight increase of S. portulacastrum under different salinity

4 3 : (Sesuvium portulacastrum) 571 Tab.1 Tab.2 表 1 海马齿基本营养成分含量 The contents of main components of S. portulacastrum (g/100g) < 表 2 海马齿的主要矿质元素含量 The contents of main minerals in the S. portulacastrum (mg/100g) (I) 4.67 (P) 18 (Ca) 36 (Cu) <0.1 (Zn) 0.16 (Fe) 0.31 (Mg) 25 (Mn) 0.5 (K) 190 (Na) 810 (Se) <0.005 表 3 海马齿污染元素与国家限量标准比较 Tab.3 Maximum residue limits of heavy metal in food and compared to S. portulacastrum Zn Cu Se Fe (mg/kg) (mg/kg) :, (GB ) (GB ), (GB ) (GB ), / 4.26 K/(Ca+Mg), 3.11, I 4.67mg/100g,,,, Ca, Ca Zn Se Mn Fe Cu,,,,,,, ( 3), 4,, E, PP, B 6 B 1 B 2 B 2 C, Tab.4 表 4 海马齿的主要维生素含量 The contents of main vitamins in the S. portulacastrum (mg/100g) E 1.08 B B <0.01 <0.5 PP B C < ( 5),,,,, 100g, 556mg, 219mg, 39.39% ( ) 128mg, 23.02% ( ),,,, (FAO/WHO) (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/Word Health Organization, 1973) 4 5 6, 6,, +,,,, 6, RAA , RC , SRC RC 1,, RC, 0.84, SRC 90.69,,

5 表 5 海马齿的氨基酸含量 (mg/100g) Tab.5 The contents of amino acids in the S. portulacastrum (%) THR ASP 56 VAL SER 27 LYS GLU 72 ILE GLY 37 LEU ALA 34 TYR 16 HIS PHE 29 ARG 47 MET <1 PRO 36 表 6 海马齿的氨基酸比值氨基酸比值系数及氨基酸比值系数分 Tab.6 RAA, RC and SRC of S. portulacastrum + (mg/g ) (mg/g ) RAA RC SRC , 0 23, 35, (Messeddi et al, 2001),, (, 2009),, ,,,, 3.2 (Averge nutive value, ANV), ANV (Livesey, 2001), ANV ,, 100g 2,, (1999) 106, ANV 35, 33%, 10 1, , 36%,,, 3.3,, (, 2002),, (Magwa et al, 2006),, (, 2002),,,,, Na K K

6 3 : (Sesuvium portulacastrum) 573, Na, (, 2005), mg/kg (, 2004) 46.7mg/kg,, FAO/WHO, mg, mg, mg, 10 15mg, mg, mg, 15mg (, 1990) 100g, 810mg, 190mg, 36mg, 3.1mg, 0.5mg, 25mg, 0.16mg,,,, (, 2006), Zn Cu Se Fe, (2009), 25μmol/L, 0.7μg/L, 0.01mg/kg,,, E,,, (, 2006), E, E β- A,, A (, 2005), 0.133mg β- PP B 3, 5mg B 1 B 2 0.5mg, C 30mg (, 1990) 100g, β mg, PP 0.527mg, B mg, B mg, C 0.1mg, C,,,, (Friedman, 1996), 39.9%, % 42.58%, 33.59% (, 2001), FAO/WHO,, +, 6,,, ( ), 23.02%; (2001) % 25.88%,, (, 2007),,,, (National Research Council U. S. (NRC), 1990) 4,, 20,,,,,, ;,, ; β-, A,,,,,, , (2): 31, WTO., 21(1): 11 15, :,

7 574 48, , 12(1): 1 9, , (4): 33,,, ( ), 25(6): ,, , (5): 4 6,,, , (9): 74 76, , 18(6): 53 54,,, , 29(6): ,,, IDD., 11(7): 12 18,, , 20(6): 63 65,, , 28(3): ,,, , 33(4): Arnon D I, Hoagland D R, Crop production in artificial culture solutions and in soils with special reference to factors influencing yields and absorption of inorganic nutrients. Soil Science, 50: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/Word Health Organization, Energy and protein requirement. Report of joint FAO/WHO. Gneve: WHO, Friedman M, Nutritional value of proteins from different food sources. A review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44(1): 6 29 Livesey G, A perspective on food energy standards for nutrition labelling. The British Journal of Nutrition, 85(3): Lokhande V H, Nikam T D, Suprasanna P, Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.). a promising halophyte: cultivation, utilization and distribution in India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 56(5): Magwa M L, Gundidza M, Gweru N et al, Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from the leaves of Sesuvium portulacastrum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(1): Messeddi D, Sleimi N, Abdelly C, Salt tolerance in Sesuvium portulacastrum. In: Horst W J, Schenk M K, Bürkert A et al eds. Plant Nutrition-Food Security and Sustainability of Agro-Ecosystems. Netherlands: Springer, National Research Council U. S. (NRC), A panel of the board on science and technology. In: Saline agriculture: salt-tolerant plants for developing countries. Washington DC: National Academy Press, Shabala S, Learning from halophytes: physiological basis and strategies to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crops. Annals of Botany, 112(7): Ventura Y, Myrzabayeva M, Alikulov Z et al, Effects of salinity on flowering, morphology, biomass accumulation and leaf metabolites in an edible halophyte. AoB Plants, 6: plu053

8 3 : (Sesuvium portulacastrum) 575 SALT TOLERANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SALINITY STRESS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM, AN IMPORTANT HALOPHYTE ZENG Bi-Jian 1, DOU Bi-Xia 2, LI Zu-Fu 2, HUANG Jian-Rong 2 (1. College of Biology and Food Engineering, Applied Ecology Laboratory, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou , China; 2. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou , China) Abstract Sesuvium portulacastrum, a creeping halophyte, is a perennial herb, distributed in tropical and subtropical shores, edible plant. S. portulacastrum was cultivated on the conditions of hydroponics of different salinity, its growth phenotype was examined, and its salt adaptability and suitable cultivation salinity were investigated. In addition, the nutritive composition of S. portulacastrum was measured, is aimed at evaluating the nutritive value. Results showed that the growth of S. portulacastrum were remarkably restricted in the 35 and 30 salinity, the internodes became shorter and the leaves more fleshy. Between the salinity of 0 and 20, a significant growth were observed, is suitable for cultivation. S. portulacastrum contained high protein and low fat, rich in moisture. The Average nutritive value (ANV) is , comprehensive score of nutritive is 2, belongs to the fourth level which is rich in nutrition, higher than various common vegetables such as carror, potato (Solanum tuberosum), Lactuca sativa, Chinese cabbage. Per 100g edible part in S. portacalatrum, the energy was kJ, the content water, ash, carbohydrate, protein, crude fiber were 93g, 2.6g, 1.4g, 3.0g and 0.95g, respectively. The plant contained two kinds of essential fatty acid, linolenic acid and linoleic acid, and rich in mineral elements, the amount of content was Na>K>Ca>Mg>P>I>Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu>Se, which could provide major and trace elements for human. The content of vitamin E was highest, the Beta-Carotene was higher. It contained 16 kinds of amino acids which are in sufficiency quantity and reasonable proportion, the content of glutamic acid was highest, where as methionine was lowest. The plant rich in flavor amino acids, the proportion is 23.02% in total amino acids. The proportion of essential amino acids was reasonable (39.9%). RAA is , RC is and SRC is S. portulacastrum is a potentially green wild vegetable resource. Key words Sesuvium portulacastrum; salinity conditions; nutritive composition; nutritive assessment

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i i ii 1 2 3 4 % N) 5 50.0 AMINO ACID #64 [modified by Administrator] IntAmp_1 nc 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0-10.0 1 - ala - 10.483 2 - thr - 11.107 3 - gly - 11.872 4 - val - 13.458 5 - ser - 14.903 6 - pro