JICA s NERICA Dissemination in Africa JICA s NERICA Dissemination in Africa Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) JICA WSSD TIC

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1 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) JICA WSSD TICAD JICA JICA JICA WARDA WARDA ARI(African Rice Initiative) JICA JICA

2 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 Project Management Officer Central and West Africa Team, Rural Development Department Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Abstract JICA started NERICA dissemination in 2003 which was inline with the government policy to support NERICA for agricultural development in Africa as declared in WSSD and TICAD III held in 2002 and 2003 respectively. JICA s cooperation in rice cultivation commenced in the 1970s by means of paddy rice cultivation with equipped irrigation schemes in large scale, then it turned over to small-scaled irrigated rice cultivation with farmers participation in the 1990s. The target crop of these interventions was paddy rice which needs much water for its harvest, therefore, possible extension area depended on climate and geographic condition. Since 2003, JICA s cooperation in rice cultivation extends to both paddy and NERICA rice. JICA commenced its NERICA cooperation by trial cultivations through the participation of the existing agricultural projects of JICA as well as sending of preliminary study teams to survey possible areas for dispatch of NERICA experts. Then, JICA dispatched one expert to Uganda in 2004 and two experts to WARDA in Benin in Strengthening of NERICA dissemination has been implemented through NERICA experts and other existing agricultural projects of JICA in over 15 countries such as in Benin, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. JICA aims to expand its cooperation through visits of the NERICA experts based in Uganda and Benin to the surrounding countries and strengthening of collaboration between the NERICA experts and the existing agricultural projects to support researchers conducting varietal trails, extension workers and model farmers. NEIRCA dissemination would be classified by four phases such as breeding, varietal trial, seed multiplication and extension to the farmers. To contribute to the progress of WARDA/ARI (African Rice Initiative), JICA will concentrate on varietal trial and seed multiplication which will sustain future expansion of NERICA in Africa. It is necessary to consider how to participate in the progress of NERICA dissemination of the country to adopt our intervention to the country s situation. JICA will concentrate more on improvement of data analysis and selection of recommended varieties in the countries where the varietal trials are already in progress, meanwhile introduction and standardization of experimental method are given priorities in countries where varietal trials are about to be commenced. NERICA dissemination should be conducted in association among research institutes, pilot projects and extension organizations. Therefore, JICA plans to extend collaboration with other institutions as well as collaboration with JICA s other cooperation schemes

3 NERICA Dissemination of JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 1 JICA s Support to NERICA

4 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 Trade of Major Crops Trade ratio of rice is much lower than other major crops. Rice Wheat Corn Production million t Trade million t Trade Ratio Rice is a crop mostly consumed in domestic markets Crop Production in Sub-Saharan Africa 4 Rice is no longer miner crop in Sub- Saharan Africa. Rice (mil. t) Corn (mil. t) Sorghum (mil. t) Millet (mil. t) Lunch served in a local restaurant in Uganda

5 Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa Demand for rice is increasing Rice is becoming popular recently 5 Local production does not meet its demand Lack of paddy field Low yield Lack of materials Pest & diseases Lack of tech. Consumption Production JICA s assistance in rice production 70 s 90 s Irrigated rice in large scale (paddy rice) 90 s Irrigated rice in small scale with PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal 6 paddy <<Gov. assistance to NERICA dissemination>> 2002 : Stated in WSSD 2003 : Stated in TICAD III upland 2003 Commencement of NERICA activities of JICA

6 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 Japan s contribution to Agric. Dev. 7 Manifestation in TICAD III. Assistance in the formulation of agricultural policies Improving food productivity NERICA Initiative Sustainable rural development through independent efforts of African people Emergency measures to combat famine Fight against desertification Nurturing small enterprises and vitalization of the informal sector through ODA What is NERICA? Yield: high Tolerance: low Yield: low Tolerance: hifh cross

7 Japan s s Support to NERICA WARDA 1971: Established 1991: IHP Research 1994: Birth of of NERICA Japan : : Collaboration in in Univ. & Research Institute level 1997: Budget assistance of of the Gov. of of Japan for for NERICA development through UNDP 9 Release of NERICA 1 to 7 JICA s intervention for NERICA 1. Experts to WARDA 2. Expert to Uganda 3. Experimentations conducted by the existing agric. projects 4. Technical seminars held in AICAD of Kenya

11 Priority in NERICA dissemination 12 breeding dissemination Experimental trials Seed multiplication JICA s priority 1. 1. Capacity development of of rice rice researchers and and extension workers 2.

8 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 NERICA around JICA expert in Uganda Capable to increase local rice production in various upland condition. 11 Priority in NERICA dissemination 12 breeding dissemination Experimental trials Seed multiplication JICA s priority Capacity development of of rice rice researchers and and extension workers Improvement of of seed seed distribution system Cooperation with with other organizations Data Data collection/analys is/distribution

Role of Japanese Institutions 13 JICA Trial Cultivation (Expert,

Breeding JAICAF Trial Cultivation SG2000 Trial Cultivation Household

Accumulation of of basic data and transfer of of cultivation technology

countries, since each recipient country has deferent climate.

9 Role of Japanese Institutions 13 JICA Trial Cultivation (Expert, Seminar, Training in Japan) Seed Multiplication (Expert) JIRCAS Breeding JAICAF Trial Cultivation SG2000 Trial Cultivation Household Improvement Exploitation of Farming Materials Tasks to be Taken Accumulation of of basic data and transfer of of cultivation technology are important in in NERICA dissemination in in each recipient countries, since each recipient country has deferent climate. 14 Cultivation trials Soil moisture content Temperature / / Altitude Fertilizer Application Disease prevention

10 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 VARIETAL TRIAL NAMULONGE, UGANDA 15 Long Term Fertility Trial

11 Weed control trial 17 Direction of JICA s NERICA Intervention Intervention through through JICA JICA projects/experts Dispatch of of NERICA NERICA experts experts (WARDA (WARDA& Uganda) Uganda) Strengthening of of cooperation with with other other institutes. Cooperation with other institutions 18 JICA Japan NERICA Expert Experts in Agric. Proj. Grant Aid Volunteers Training/Seminar Other JICA interventions International Strengthening of cooperation with other institutions to achieve TICAD policy

12 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 Activities by countries <Uganda, Guinea> Interventions in research, vulgarization & seed multiplication to increase existing NERICA farming field. <Kenya, Ethiopia, Mali, Gambia> Interventions to extend variety trials from research institutions to farmers fields. 19 <other counties> Interventions to strengthen the structure for NERICA promotion and to promote cultivation trials at national level. Role of NERICA in Rural Dev. 2.Food/Nutrition 1.Ecomony Restraint of an import foreign currency outflow 3.Degradation of Envir. Promotion of new production Creation of cash income in existing farm Unstable natural Food Security condition and production Nourishment improvement 4.Human security Rural Dev. 1.Sustainable agric. production 2.Sustainable food supply 3.Prpmotion of village w/ vitarity 20 NERICA dissemination contribute to rural dev

13 Contribution of NERICA to farmers Rural development through NERICA dissemination Profit Cash income good market price than other crops Stabilization of production Shorter cultivation period to avoid natural disaster Other crops Maize: Market price is unstable Tubers: low market price Sorghum, millet mainly self-consumption 21 Example <Uganda> Area:0.4 ha, Ave. yield:3.5 t/ha, price:500/kg Harvest:3500kg/ha x 0.4ha =1400kg Self-comsumption:200kg Income:1200kgx500=600,000 Cost:200,000 Profit:400, USD GDP per capita:300usd INCOME from NERICA: 220USD JICA s Role in General

14 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 Categories of Japanese ODA Official Development Assistance (ODA) Contributions to International Organizations Bilateral Donations Bilateral Loans Grant Aid Technical Cooperation 23 Ministry of Foreign Affairs expedite JICA JBIC JICA s Role JICA is responsible for the technical cooperation aspect of Japan s ODA programs. Technical cooperation is aimed at the transfer of technology and knowledge that can serve the socioeconomic development of the developing countries

15 JICA s Expenditure by Sector FY2003 Total US$1.2billion Energy 2.6% Mining and industry 5.5% Others 15.1% Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 16.1% Public works and utilities 16.7% Human resources 15.5% Planning and Administration 14.0% Health and medical care 10.9% Business and tourism 2.1% Welfare 1.5% 25 JICA s Expenditure by Region FY2003 JICA Total ($1.2Billion) Asia 43.0% Pacific 3.3% Europe Near and Middle East2.7% 9.9% America 17.1% Africa 14.0% Not specified 9.9% FY2003 Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries ($207million) Asia 42.2% Pacific 2.3% America 24.2% Near and Middle East 7.0% Africa 22.6% 1.3% 0.3%

16 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 JICA Mitsutaka Uchijima JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Chair person: Tetsuo Matsumoto Professor, ICCAE, Nagoya University JICA NERICA NERICA 2000 WARDA upland NERICA

17 1 Beyond the NERICA WARDA JICA NERICA NERICA NERICA Beyond the NERICA beyond NERICA NERICA

18 International Cooperation in Agriculture Volume 8 Profile Mitsutaka Uchijima JICA Project Management Officer Central and West Africa Team, Rural Development Department Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Contact: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Rural Development Department 2-1-1, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo , Japan Tel: Fax: Uchijima.Mitsutaka@jica.go.jp JICA JICA Academic career Mr. Uchijima graduated from Graduate School of Hokkaido University in Professional career After the graduation, Mr. Uchijima started his professional career as a training officer in Tsukuba International Agricultural Training Center of JICA, Japan International Cooperation Agency, to provide training in agricultural fields for trainees from the other countries. Mr. Uchijima had studied in France for one year from 1995 to master the language, and transferred to the grant aid project management department in 1996 and started to work as a project management officer for implementing grant aid projects providing basic human needs in Africa. In 1999, Mr. Uchijima moved to the Senegal office of JICA and served as an assistant to the resident representative and managed cooperation projects in Senegal and neighbouring countries for three years. He moved back to Japan in 2002 and participated in JICA s structural reform scheme. Since 2005, Mr. Uchijima has been serving as a project management officer in the rural development department of JICA, being in charge of NERICA dissemination projects and other rural development projects

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Chinese oil import policies and reforms SINOPEC EDRI 2014.8 Chinese oil import policies and reforms 随着经济的发展, 目前中国石油消费总量已经跃居世界第二作为一个负责任的大国, 中国正在积极推进能源进口多元化,