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1 4 5 Vol. 4 No Journal of Food Safety and Quality Oct., 2013 周春华 1*, 吴慧 (1., ; 2., ) 2 摘要 :,,,,, 关键词 : ; ; ; Discussion of problems and countermeasures of fruit safety in China ZHOU Chun-Hua 1*, WU Hui 2 (1. College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou , China; 2. Experimental Farm, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou , China) ABSTRACT: Food safety is one of the important factors influencing the survival and development of human beings, and fruit safety plays a critical role in food safety. Factors affecting fruit safety were various and complicated, and a lot of fruit safety problems inevitably came into being on account of current fruit production conditions and the management situations in China. This review explored the countermeasures to improve fruit safety based on analysis of impacting factors and existing problems. We hope that these countermeasures can improve fruit safety level, maintain the competitiveness of our fruit products in international market, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of fruit industry in China. KEY WORDS: food safety; fruit safety; problem; countermeasure 1 前言, 2011, hm 2, [1],, , [2],, :, 基金项目 : ( ) (2012CXJ062) Fund: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( ) and the Science & Technology Innovation Foundation of Yangzhou University (2012CXJ062) * 通讯作者 :, chzhou@yzu.edu.cn *Corresponding author: ZHOU Chun-Hua, Associate Professor, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, No. 48, Wenhui Road, Guangling Distract, Yangzhou , China. chzhou@yzu.edu.cn

2 5, : 1367 [3], [4],,, [5],,,,,,, 2 影响果品安全的因素 2.1 果园选址,, [6],, [7] 2.2 果树品种选择,, [8],,,, 70% 10%, [9], [10] 2.3 果实套袋,,,,,,, [11], [12] 2.4 病虫草害,,,,,,, [7],,,,, [13] 2.5 肥料农药及植物生长调节剂,,,, [8],,,,,,,, [7],,,,, [4] 3 我国果品安全存在的问题 3.1 化肥农药残留问题越来越严重,, [14],,,,,,,

3 1368 4, ( ),,, [15],,, ;, [16],,,, [17] WTO,, [18] 3.2 化学控制技术广泛使用, (< µg/ml),,,, 6- (6-BA) (KT-30 4PU-30) ; ;, (PP 333 ) [4] ( 15~20 d), O 2,4-D, [19],, ;, [16], [18] 3.3 环境污染问题日益突出,,,,, [14] 3.4 果品安全检测力度不够,,,,, [20],,,,, [14] 3.5 果品采后的人为因素,,, [16],,, ;,, ;,,, [21],,,,,, [ 22] 3.6 果品质量标准体系不健全,

4 5, : 1369,,,,,, [14] 4 保证我国果品安全的对策 4.1 严格选择果品生产基地,,,,, [23],, ;, ;, [11] 4.2 合理使用化肥和农药,,,, [14], [19], [11], [18],,,,,,,,, ; 1, [14, 24] 4.3 果品采后处理技术,, [25], ;,,, ;,,, [11] 30%, 15%,, [21] 4.4 建立果品质量检测体系, :,, [26], (HPLC-MS, GC-MS), ( ), ( ) [15],,

5 ;,,, [14] 2013, 8,, [27] 4.5 完善果品质量标准化体系 [28] 4 3 ( ), ( ) 100,, [29],,, [30],, [20, 26],,,,,,, [14] 4.6 建立果品安全追溯系统,, [31] [32],,,, [33],,,,,,,,,, [34] 参考文献 [1] [2] [J]., 2012, 29(2): Zhang F. Preliminary report on fresh and dry fruit trade in China [J]. China Fruit News, 2012, 29(2): [3]. [J]., 2013, (2): 2 3. Wang SQ. Food safety and healthy nutrition [J]. J Shandong Inst Commer Technol, 2013, (2): cover 2 cover 3. [4],. [J]., 2004, 22(1): Shi XG, Gong QD. Discussion of fruit security in Shandong province [J]. Econ Forest Res, 2004, 22(1): [5],,,. [J]., 2005, (1): Yang ZF, Cong PH, Ma ZY, et al. Analysis evaluation of fruit quality and safety [J]. Northern Hortic, 2005, (1):

6 5, : 1371 [6],,,. [J]., 2011, 15(8): Yan XM, Li, XY, Wang XG, et al. Analysis on the relationship between fruit safe production and ecological environment [J]. J Hebei Agr Sci, 2011, 15(8): [7],,. [J]., 2012, (7): 209. Zha M, Sha AG, Wang QY. Discussion on safety requirements on the cultivation technology of fruit trees [J]. Build World, 2012, (7): 209. [8]. [J]., 2012, (33): 30. Liang LS. Effects of fruit cultivation techniques on fruit safety and the corresponding countermeasures [J]. Beijing Agr, 2012, (33): 30. [9]. [J]., 2009, (3): Wang YX. The relationship between fruit cultivation techniques and fruit safety [J]. Green Sci Technol, 2009, (3): [10],,. [J]., 2009, 26(3): Feng JJ, Chen ZM, Wu DJ. Safety control approaches of special good quality fruit [J]. Zhejiang Citrus, 2009, 26(3): [11]. [J]., 2009, (2): Wang JZ. Cultivation technology of safe and high quality fruit [J]. Jiangsu Agr Sci, 2009, (2): [12],,,. [J]., 2010, (12): 36. Nie JY, Li J, Li ZX, et al. Standard of harmful element limit of fruit in China [J]. Pract Technol Inform Fruit Tree, 2010, (12): 36. [13],. [J]., 2007, 9(2): Ma FL, Jia KG. The classification of weeds in fruit orchard [J]. Rev China Agr Sci Technol, 2007, 9(2): [14]. [J]., 2010, (24): 14. Dang LL. Fruit quality safety problems and countermeasures in China [J]. Magnif Writ, 2010, (24): 14. [15]. [J]., 2004, (1): Yu H. Fruit quality safety situation in China and countermeasures to improve fruit quality [J]. China Sci Technol Rural Areas, 2004, (1): [16],,. [J]., 2012, (5): 32, 35. Liu JJ, Liu JZ, Li L. Fruit quality safety problems and countermeasures [J]. Hebei Fruits, 2012, (5): 32, 35. [17]. [J]., 2008, 25(8): 1 4. Liu HC. Consumption characteristics and market access of EU fruit and the corresponding countermeasures in China [J]. China Fruit News, 2008, 25(8): 1 4. [18],,. [J]., 2007, (10): Liu CD, Zhou XX, Mou JJ. Monitoring measures of fruit quality safety [J]. Northern Hortic, 2007, (10): [19],. [J]., 2004, 21(1): Shi XG, Shen GX. Problems and suggestions of safe and good quality fruit production [J]. Zhejiang Citrus, 2004, 21(1): [20],,,. [J]., 2010, (11): Liu CD, Zhou XX, Wang ZX, et al. Development trends on detection technology of fruit and vegetable pesticide residues and control measures of quality and safety [J]. Northern Hortic, 2010, (11): [21]. HACCP[M]. :, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The fruit quality safety and HACCP [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, [22],. HACCP [J]., 2012, (12): Zhang GX, Zhang YY. Application of HACCP system in vegetable and fruit cold chain logistics [J]. East China Sci Technol, 2012, (12): [23]. ( )[J]., 2006, (4): 1 3. Fu Y. Discussion on safe fruit production (continued) [J]. Hebei Fruits, 2006, (4): 1 3. [24]., [J]., 2009, (3): 41. Qu YP. Specify orchard medication from the resource and improvement of fruit quality safety [J]. China Fruit Vegetable, 2009, (3): 41. [25]. : [J]., 2011, (4): 33. Food industry net. Pollution free security technology of fruit preservation: ozone treatment [J]. China Fruit Vegetable, 2011, (4): 33.

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7 [26],. [J]., 2006, (4): 96 97, 100. Jiang JY, Yong X. Establish and perfect the detection technology system of fruit safe production [J]. Shanxi Agric Sci, 2006, (4): 96 97, 100. [27] : 8 [J]., 2012, (12): 37. Shandong province will focus on monitoring fruit quality and safety of 8 tree species in the next year [J]. China Fruit Vegetable, 2012, (12): 37. [28]. [J]., 2005, (10): Zhao KL. Disccussion on the construction of fruit quality system in China [J]. World Stand News, 2005, (10): [29],,. [J]., 2008, (2): 23 25, 37. Chen AH, Fu CM, Jiao BN. Fruit quality safety situation and key technology [J]. China Sci Technol Achiev, 2008, (2): 23 25, 37. [30],. [J]., 2003, (9): Li TT, Zhao J. Fruit quality safety and standardization work [J]. Stand China, 2003, (9): [31]. [J]., 2011, (6): Article Numbering Center of China. The practice of Food safety traceability system in vegetable, fruit and other agricultural products traceability of Shang province [J]. China Food Safe, 2011, (6): [32],. [J]., 2008, (5): Jia CF, Liu AH. The construction of fruit export traceability system in China [J]. China Fruit, 2008, (5): [33],,. [J]., 2010, 8(21): Lv JH, Guan JF, Min WJ. A tracing system based on one dimensional electronic code for quality safety of green fruits [J]. Sci Technol Period, 2010, 8(21): [34]. Web [J]., 2011, 32(4): , Xu LQ. Key techniques of traceability system for fruit quality safety in subtropical zone based onweb [J]. Comput Eng Design, 2011, 32(4): , 作者简介 ( 责任编辑 : 赵静 ) 周春华, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为果实品质与生物活性物质 chzhou@yzu.edu.cn

Microsoft Word 聂雪梅.doc

Microsoft Word 聂雪梅.doc 4 4 Vol. 4 No. 4 2013 8 Journal of Food Safety and Quality Aug., 2013 聂雪梅 *, 李立, 孙利, 高飞 (, 100123) 摘要 : 2011 12,, 2007~2011,,,, 关键词 : ; ; ; ; Trade and notification situation on food import and export