ryan Yamuna Kuruksetra Brāhmana Rgveda yaj a Purusa 1 2 vrsakarma vīrakarma mahikarma sukarma Vis'vakarma 3 Indra Atri

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1 * * ** karman karma karman kr kr karman kriyā kārya krta krtya caryā 1 karma - vipāka pravrtti samsāra Dravida * CityU **

2 ryan Yamuna Kuruksetra Brāhmana Rgveda yaj a Purusa 1 2 vrsakarma vīrakarma mahikarma sukarma Vis'vakarma 3 Indra Atri Ralph T. H. Griffith The Hymns of the Rgveda Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1973 p Y. Krishan The Doctrine of Karma Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1997 p http / /www. sacred - texts. com /hin /index. htm http / / www. sub. uni - goettingen. de / ebene_1 / fiindolo / gret_utf. htm#satbr pp

3 Agni 2 As'vins 3 Mitra Varuna rta istāpurta rta 9 rta dhātr 瑏瑠 rta rta 瑏瑡 rta Mitrā - Varunā 瑏瑢 rta rta pp pp p p p p pp S. Dasgupta S. Dasgupta Indian Idealism London Cambridge University Press 1962 p 瑏瑠 p. 651 瑏瑡 p 瑏瑢 pp brahman

4 1 rta vrata 2 Vrata 3 rta Dasgupta 4 Istāpūrta 5 Yama 6 7 istāpūrta istā pūrta 8 daksinā tapas 9 manas p p S. Dasgupta Rta ~ 71 H. Oldenberg The Religion of the Veda translated by Shridhar B. Shrotri Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1988 pp A. A. Macdonell Vedic Mythology Strassburg Verlag von Karl J. Trubner 1897 pp D. J. Kalupahana Causality The Central Philosophy of Buddhism Honolulu University Press of Hawaii 1975 pp ~ ~ 321 pp p Istāpūrta Y. Krishan p pp

5 jīva svadhā prajābhih prajāyate Savitar anūcīnā - jīvitā 2 3 nirrti 4 pāpa anrta asatya ajana karta vavra ~ 290 p pp Krishan Y. Krishan The Doctrine of Karma p p pp H. Oldenberg The Religion of the Veda pp A. A. Macdonell Vedic Mythology p. 169 A. B. Keith A. B. Keith The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1989 Vol. 2 p

6 1 enas Aditi Parjanya duskrtah 2 Yajurveda Sāmaveda 3 Atharvaveda 4 svargāma 5 istāpūrta parame vyoman svasti 6 istāpūrta istāpūrta 7 svargaloka nārakaloka krsna tamas adhama tamas andha tamas nirrti pās'a p ~ pp b - d istāpūrta A. B. Keith trans. The Veda of Black Yajur School Cambridge Harvard University Press 1914 Vol. 2 p W. D. Whitney & C. R. Lanman trans. Atharva - Veda Samhitā Cambridge Harvard University Press 1905 Vol. 2 p Vol. 2 pp Vol. 2 p. 845 Vol. 1 p Vol. 1 pp Vol. 1 pp Vol. 2 pp

7 eka S ' acī pāpa 2 3 Brāhmana S ' atapatna Brāhmana 4 S ' resthatamam karma Vrtra vidyā punarmrtyu Vol. 2 pp Vol. 1 pp Vol. 2 p Vol. 2 p Herman W. Tull The Vedic Origins of Karma Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Julius Eggeling trans. S ' atapatna Brāhmana Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1963 Vol. 1 pp Vol. 4 pp

8 1 Prajāpati prāna 2 sambhavati jāyate 3 Aitareya Brāhmana 4 Taittirīya Brāhmana Katha Upanisad Vājas'ravasa Naciketas 5 6 brahma Vol. 1 p Vol. 1 pp Vol. 4 pp Vol. 1 p. 324 Vol. 4 p. 296 Vol. 5 pp A. B. Keith trans. Rigveda Brahmanas Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1971 p Y. Krishan The Doctrine of Karma pp ~ Vol. 1 p. 267 Vol. 5 p Vol. 3 p. 181 Vol. 4 p G. C. Pande G. C. Pande Studies in the Origins of Buddhism Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1995 p

9 ranyaka Upanisad ātman karman 2 karman sukrtasya loke 3 Brhadāranyaka Upanisad karman karman 4 Janaka rtabhāga Yāj avalkya 5 punya kar- 1 Paul Deussen The Philosophy of Upanishads. Translated by A. S. Geden Edinburgh T. & T. Clark 1908 pp N. R. Reat Karma and Rebrith in the Upanisads and Buddhism Numen Vol pp H. Oldenberg The Doctrine of the Upanisads and the Early Buddhism. Translated by Shridhar B. Shrotri Delhi Motilal Banarsidass 1991 pp J. Bronkhorst Greater Magadha Leiden Brill 2007 Ch. 2A. 2 Kena Upanisad Mundaka Upanisad p Vol. 5 pp

10 ma pāpa karma 1 avrttacakram sa cāracakram 2 sarva - samsthe vidya karma pūrva - praj a 6 bhūtātman 7 sitāsitaih phalair karma S ' ruta sthānu 8 Kausītakī Upanisad karma vidya 9 svakarma 瑏瑠瑏瑠 ~ Maitrī Upanisad S ' vetās'vatara Upanisad ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

11 devayāna pitryāna mānasa ramanīya - caranāh kapūya - caranāh 1 2 kāma kratu karma 3 kratu 4 5 manokrta citta ~ ~ ~ Aitareya Upanisad ~ Vol. 5 pp Jaimin-ya Brāhmana H. W. Bodewitz Jaiminīya Brāhmana I 1-65 Leiden Brill 1973 pp

12 1 2 3 citta 4 karmādhyaksa 5 s'vara 瑏瑠瑏瑡 karma punya 瑏瑢瑏瑣 dāna ārjava ahimsā satyavacana damyata dayadhva ~ 瑏瑠瑏瑡瑏瑢瑏瑣 Steven Collins Selfless Persons Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1990 pp

13 sāmkhya yoga sukrta istā - sukrta 5 6 karman istāpūrta rta ~ ~ ~ ~ Usas p. 59 W. Doniger O Flaherty Karma and Rebirth in the Vedas and Purānas in W. Doniger O Flaherty ed. Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions Berkeley University of California Press 1980 pp ~ ~

14 1 2 3 The Doctrine of Karma in the Vedic Literature in Ancient India Wut Tai - shing ABSTRACT Karma is a crucial religious and philosophical concept in India. This essay points out in Rgveda Atharvaveda and Brāhmana karma though denotes sacrifice work or deed the ideas of accumulation of karmic consequences heaven and hell have been gradually taken shape. In Upanisad good and bad deeds will have corresponding results that affect the subsequent lives. If people can reach the realm of Brahman immortality can be also attained. Otherwise people will be born repeatedly. Karma and rebirth become an organic component of brahman - ātman theory. Upanisad also voices out that karma can be transferred and the last thought at the point of death will determine the fate of next life. All these should not been overlooked by Buddhist scholars. KEY WORDS karma transmigration Veda Upanisad Buddhism 1 T. Vetter The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism Leiden Brill 1988 p. XII n ~ Steven Collins Selfless Persons p. 51 V. P. Varma Early Buddhism and its Origins Delhi Munshiram Manoharlal 1973 p

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