290 I

Transcription

1 National Taiwan Sport University THE DEVELOPMENT AND STRATEGIES OF ELECTRONIC SPORTS 97 6

2 290 I

3 Tang, Chou-Yi (2008). The development and strategies of electronic sports. Unpublished master thesis, National Taiwan Sport University, Taichung. Abstract The purpose of this study was to make an in-depth research on electronic sports. Including its definition, classifications, state of play, and the influence of different sport-orientations, and then redact the suitable strategy of development in Taiwan. The methods of analytic literature and in-depth interviews are adopted, with the scope of political aspect, economical aspect, social aspect and educational aspect of electronic sports. There were 8 representative correspondents from academies, enterprises, government, and players. This study revealed the definition of electronic sports, which means to reach the purpose of playing a ruled, tactical, skillful, and fair game by using electronic hardware and software. Electronic sports can be classified by the differences of hardware, software, connection and playing types. Different from Taiwan, the developments of electronic sports were blooming in Europe, America, South-Korea and China. The introjections of enterprises and government were influenced by different sport-orientations such like recreation, sport, professional sport and physical education; it also influenced player s II

4 skill level. At last, this study made 30 strategies from 3 objectives: definite popularization, steady development, and leader becoming. Key words: electronic sports, sports, professional sports, digital contents. III

5 24 IV

6 V

7 VI

8 VII

9 TeSL TCGL VIII

10 WCG WCG ESWC ESWC 45 IX

11 CGS DOA JESPA Gantt MMORPG Web Game Naruto Arena X

12 Para-Para Go)Space SWOT 205 XI

13 Artificial Intelligence script virtual community 1

14 WCGWorld Cyber Games WCG SKPG4K SK 2

15 3 CEG China Esport games

16 SWOT 4

17 electronic game video game 1952 UNESCO 5

18 Declaration of Sport Sports electronic sports 6

19 PS2 X-Box 2D 3D

20 electronic sports e-sports esports competitive gaming Cyber-gaming cybersports cyber athletics V-Sports Wikipedia Müller-Lietzkow Müller-Lietzkow,

21 Let s drop the E! E-Sports E Müller-Lietzkow,

22

23 2007 D100 AI User Modeling (Storey, 2006) hitbox

24

25 Force Feedback

26 D 3D Local Area Network, LAN

27 C. Shawn Green & Daphne Bavelier Nature habitualvideo-game players, VGP non-video-game players, NVGP 15

28 2-4 Green & Bavelier, Green & Bavelier,

29 2-6 Green & Bavelier, Green & Bavelier,

30 2-8 18

31 2-8 Green & Bavelier,

32 James C. Rosser, Jr., Paul J. Lynch, Laurie Cuddihy, Douglas A. Gentile, Jonathan Klonsky, & Ronald Merrell Archives of Surgery Top Gun Michael G. Wagner

33 2-9 Wagner, 2006 Daphne Bavelier 2007 Psychological Science 21

34 22 30 踪 2007 P<0.01

35

36 T P<

37

38

39 National Geographic Channel World Cyber Games Chae Jeongho XellOs 27

40 National Geographic Channel,

41 NASA Langley Research 8 Center 2005 Dmitri Williams Constance Steinkuehler & 8 Dmitri Williams 2006 Rutgers, the State 8 University of New Jersey 2007 National Institute of 3 Mental Health 2007 JAMA and Archives 4 Journals 2007 Nipan Maniar Carnegie Mellon 9 University 2007 Catherine Butz McGill University University Of Toronto 10 12% 2008 Loyola University Health 3 System 29

42 2006 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP 30

43

44

45 Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game, MMORPG

46 2-2 LAN Internet TCP/IP Internet 34

47 1958 Tennis for TwoMüller-Lietzkow, FPS Id Software John Carmack Wolfenstein 3d 1997 First-person shooter John Carmack E3 Quake Dennis Fong, Treash E-Sports

48 36 Street Fighter LAN Game LAN party Johnathan "Fatal1ty" Wendel party 2003

49 PricewaterhouseCoopers Entertainment Software Association Juniper 37

50 Research Next Generation Video-Game Consoles Juniper Research 2008 PS3Xbox2NGC2 Juniper Research

51 WCG World Cyber Games CPL Cyberathelete Professional League ESWCElectronic Sports World Cup WEGWorld E-sports Games CEG China Esports Games WSVG World Series of Video Games PGL ProGamer League WEFWorld Esport Festival KODE5Global Gaming Revolution IEFInternational E-sports Festival NSL Neo Star League CGSChampionship Gaming Series 39

52 WCGWorld Cyber Games WCG 2000 WCGC World Cyber Game Challenge WCG 2003 WCG WCG e-sports WCG WCG 40

53 2000 WCG Beyond the game WCG WCG

54 2-13WCG WCG 2007 CPLCyberathelete Professional League CPL MTV CPL Intel CPL First-Person Shooting, FPS 42

55 3D CPL ESWCElectronic Sports World Cup WCG ESWC 1999 Ligarena GAMES SERVICES ESWC LAN party CPL WCG ESWC Internet Protocol TelevisionIPTV 43

56 ESWC ESWC ESWC

57 2-15ESWC ESWC

58 WSVGWorld Series of Video Games WSVG 2002 Games Media Properties 2006 WSVG WSVG 574,000 WSVG WSVG Guitar Hero 2 CEGChina Esports Games st China Athletics Meeting

59 CEG 2005 CEG 闘 TOUGEKI 闘 闘 SUPER BATTLE OPERA ARCADIA 闘 闘 47

60 48 闘 闘 闘 闘 2-3 FTG FTG Arcade ARCADIA 闘 PC Console CEG RTG MMORPG Intel ATI PC Console Games Media Properties WSVG nvidia Intel MTV PC Console Ligarena ESWC Intel SIERRA PC Console Angel Munoz CPL Intel IBM PC Console Mobil WCG FTG FTG Arcade ARCADIA 闘 PC Console CEG RTG MMORPG Intel ATI PC Console Games Media Properties WSVG nvidia Intel MTV PC Console Ligarena ESWC Intel SIERRA PC Console Angel Munoz CPL Intel IBM PC Console Mobil WCG

61 ,000 1,350,000 5,850, N/A 8 35,000 1,200,000 4,400, ,000,000 CEG 8 $12,500 $750,000 $1,324, ,000 WSVG 6 $40,000 $400,000 $2,000, N/A ESWC 9 $150,000 $1,000,000 $4,000, ,000 CPL 12 $55,000 $462,000 $12,050, ,400,000 WCG 9 100,000 1,350,000 5,850, N/A 8 35,000 1,200,000 4,400, ,000,000 CEG 8 $12,500 $750,000 $1,324, ,000 WSVG 6 $40,000 $400,000 $2,000, N/A ESWC 9 $150,000 $1,000,000 $4,000, ,000 CPL 12 $55,000 $462,000 $12,050, ,400,000 WCG

62 FIFA WCG PC Console Mobil

63 Wikipedia2007 Console Handheld Arcade Computer GamePC Game Internet LAN 2001 Web Game 51

64 Network Game Online Game Online

65 Quake id Software 24 Server ISP ISP Server Server Game Server TCP/IP TCP/IPIPX TCP/IPUDP Internet InternetLAN Internet Web Game Network Game Online Game Quake id Software 24 Server ISP ISP Server Server Game Server TCP/IP TCP/IPIPX TCP/IPUDP Internet InternetLAN Internet Web Game Network Game Online Game 2001

66 2002 Online Game PC 1994 Catapult Entertainment Local Area Network; LAN Peer-to-Peer Game Server-based Game Game Server Game Server

67 WSVG 3v3 ArenaRO World Cup Online Game WCGCPLESWC Network Game Online Web Game WCGCPLESWC WCGConsole NBA Live YAMAHA Tourist Trophy Cup PIU Arcade WCGCPLESWC PC WCGMobil PokeMon Hinet Handheld WCGConsole NBA Live YAMAHA Tourist Trophy Cup Console WSVG 3v3 ArenaRO World Cup Online Game WCGCPLESWC Network Game Online Web Game WCGCPLESWC WCGConsole NBA Live YAMAHA Tourist Trophy Cup PIU Arcade WCGCPLESWC PC WCGMobil PokeMon Hinet Handheld WCGConsole NBA Live YAMAHA Tourist Trophy Cup Console

68 2006 VC Action Game, ACT Double Dragon Super Mario Bros. Rockman Metal Slug Metroid Computer and video game genres Platforms 56

69 2. Fighting GameFTG 1980 Capcom Street Fighter 2 SNK King of the Fighters NAMCO Soul Calibur 2D 2D 3D 3D 3D 3. Adventure GameAVG 57

70 Role Playing Game, RPG Table game 58

71 Non-Player Character, NPC RPG plot timeline world view MMORPG Final Fantasy Dragon Quest Ultima Might and Magic Fallout 7 59

72 4-1. Action Role Playing Game, ARPG 4-2. Strategy Role Playing Game, SRPG 4-3. Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game MMORPG MMORPG go [west east]attack MUD Internet client server EverQuest Diablo RO Utlima Online 60

73 World Of Warcraft 5. Simulation Game, SLG Virtual Reality Microsoft Flight Simulator 5-1. Turn-Based Strategy Game, TBS CPU 1999 battlefield online 61

74 War Hammer SystemSoft 5-2. Real-Time Strategy Game, RTS CPU CPU Dune 2 Command & Conquer Starcraft 62

75 Warcraft Total Annihilation 6. Shooting Game, STG 2D STG ACTSIM 6-1. Aircraft Shooting, AIRS Light-gun, LTG 63

76 House of the Dead Alien 2 Time Crisis Game Center Virtua Cop 6-3. First-person ShooterFPS 1995 FPS FPS FPS PC 3D FPS 64

77 FPS aiming movements Half-life Quake Unreal 6-4. Third-Person Shooter, TPS FPS FPS Max Payne Tomb Rider 7. Racing Game, RAC 2D 3D Arcade Sega RallyMotoGP Gran TurismoGT Need for Speed 65

78 Moto Racer 8. Sport Game, SPT SPT Electronic Arts, EA Spots FIFA NBA EA Sports 66

79 KONAMI Winning Eleven Sports Interactive Championship Manager 9. Rhythm Game, RTG Guitar Hero Dance Dance RevolutionDDR 10. Puzzle Game, PUZ Tetris 67

80 2006 Alex Pajitnov Astroid Pac-man Tetris 11. et cetera, ETC KOEI Capcom Street Fighter PYRO Studios Commandos ETC

81 2-7 WCG 2007 WarCraft III : The Frozen Throne StarCraft : Brood War Half-Life : Counter-Strike1.6 FIFA Soccer 2007 Need for Speed Carbon Command & Conquer 3 T iberium Wars Age of Empires III: The WarChiefs Gears of War Dead or Alive 4 Project Gotham Racing 3 Tony Hawk's P roject 8 RTS: 4 FPS: 2 PC: 7 SPT: 2 Console: 4 RAC: 2 FTG: 1 CPL 2006 Counter Strike: Source Counter Strike 1.6 Quake4 WarCraft III : The Frozen Throne FIFA Soccer 2007 WarCraft III : DOTA PC: 5 Console: 1 FPS: 3 RTS: 2 SPT: 1 ESWC 2007 Counter-Strike 1.6 Counter-Strike 1.6 Warcraft III : The Frozen Throne Pro Evolution Soccer 6 Trackmania Nat ions Quake 4 PC: 5 Console: 1 FPS: 3 RTS: 1 SPT: 1 RAC: 1 WSVG 2007 World of Warcraft 3v3 Quake 4 Fight Night Round 3 Guitar Hero 2 Counter-Strike 1.6 Call of Duty 2 Warcraft III : The Frozen Throne Halo 2 PC: 4 Console: 4 FPS: 4 RTS: 1 SPT: 1 RTG: 1 MMORPG :1 CEG 2007 Counter-Strike 1.6 Warcraft III : The Frozen Throne StarCraft : Brood War Need for Speed ProStreet FIFA Soccer 2007 NBA LIVE 2007 Winning Eleven PC: 5 Console: 2 FPS: 1 RTS: 2 SPT: 3 RAC: 1 闘 07 Guilty Gear XX Accent Core Street Fighter 3rd TEKKEN 5 Dark Resurrection Virtual Fighter 5 Ver.B Hyper Street FighterAnniversary edit ion Melty Blood Act Cadenza Ver.B Arcana Heart The King of Fighters'98 Soul Calibur Arcade edition Arcade: 9 FTG: 9 69

82

83 PUZ RTG SPT RAC TPS FPS LTG AIRS STG RTS TBS SLG MMORPG SRPG ARPG RPG AVG FTG ACT PUZ RTG SPT RAC TPS FPS LTG AIRS STG RTS TBS SLG MMORPG SRPG ARPG RPG AVG FTG ACT 2-16

84

85 BYOC, by your own computer LAN Party 2005 IBMIntelSONY AMD RedbullKappa Dreamhack 69 N-28 E 2007 CPL Shotsz LLC CyberShotsz CyberShotsz, GGLGlobal Gaming League GGL 80% 73

86 American Army 30% 2007 DreamHack Fragbite Entertainment Software Association, ESA %

87 Essential Facts About The Computer and Video Game Industry (p.13) by Entertainment Software Association ESA 69%

88 Essential Facts About The Computer and Video Game Industry (p.4) by Entertainment Software Association % 2007 Championship Gaming Series Dead Or Alive

89 Kathy Zablotzky Snuggles (Snuggles55) 53 London Mint CGS DOA CGS 2007 London Mint Lewis, 2007 Schroet Kommando(SK)Four Kingdoms(4K) Pro Gaming(PG) SK 77

90 SK K SK 78

91 ID 1 MYM]Moon Mouz. ToD K^Creo WE.IGE.Sky SK^Remind SK^lyn K^Grubby SK^HOT SK.SOJU BET.FOV E 2007 SteelSeries SteelSeries e-sports Jacob Wolf Peterson SteelSeries Kim Rom SteelSeries,

92 50% e-sport Korea e-sport Association KeSPA ~280 KeSPA KeSPA SKKTF MBCSTXCJHANBIT 12 KeSPA 80

93 26 KeSPA MBCON GAMENET KeSPA % 1%

94 2007 KeSPA KeSPA, WCG

95 1. IT Korea Entertainment System Industry Association, KESAKESA KESA KESA TGS E Korea Game Promotion Center, KGPC 83

96 KGPC

97

98 Contents Korea Vision %2007 Online Digital Contents Contents Korea Vision KIPA KAMEX KGDI 86

99 E3ECTS KAMEX E3 ECTS TGS 2004 KAMEX

100 KOREA ANIMATION HIGH SCHOOL GAME ACADEMY VR Arcade 4. 88

101 SONYSEGA CESA KOGIA 2008 CESA 30.3%

102 30.3% % % 2007 e 会 Japan e-sports Association, JESPA 1. Arcade Console PC98 Lau, Arcade Console 90

103 91 会 会 楽

104 鬪 衆 衆 内 Enterbrain Japan e-sports Association, JESPA 47 JESPA

105 2-20 JESPA e JESPA e-sports e-sports 93

106 IT IT IT China Internet Gaming, CIGCIG 94

107 CIG 飚 95

108 China Esports Games, CEG 2004 WCG ESWC 2005 ESWC 2003 WCG 96

109 2005 CEG 2003 SWING 2004 CIG 2004 Sunnet Club NEO TV 珏 2007 珏 2007 WEG

110 Qualitative Research SWOT

111 SWOT

112

113

114 documentary analysis in-depth-interview semi-structured interview interview guide quixotic reliability synchronic reliability 102

115 3-1 A H A1 A 103

116 3-1 Steelseries WCG

117 Zhigeng PanGaoqi He Shaoyong Su Xiangchen Li Jingui Pan 2006 International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia E-Sports are competitive and intellectual computer games. In the distributed virtual 105

118 environment built by information technologies, users take software and hardware devices as interactive tools, and obey the uniform rules

119 4 Half-Life: Counter-StrikeFIFA Football 2004 Warcraft III: The Frozen ThroneStarCraft: Brood War

120 108 FIFA Football

121 2008 (1) 109

122 (2) 110

123 Observer 111

124 Anti-Hack (3) Wii (4) 112

125 113 NDSPSP CPS1CPS2 CPS3 PS3Wii 4-1

126

127

128 4-2 Arcade Console PC Handheld Action Game, ACT Fighting Game, FTG Adventure Game, AVG Role Playing Game, RPG Simulation Game, SLG Shooting Game, 116

129 STG Racing Game, RAC Sport Game, SPT Rhythm Game, RTG Puzzle Game, PUZ et cetera, ETC 11 Aircraft Shooting, AIRS Light-gun, LTG First-person Shooter, FPS Third-Person Shooter, TPS Action Role Playing Game, ARPG Strategy Role Playing Game, SRPG Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game Turn-Based Strategy Game, TBS Real-Time Strategy Game, RTS

130 118 Handheld PC Console Arcade Handheld PC Console Arcade ETC RTG STG SPT SLG PUZ RAC RPG AVG FTG ACT ETC RTG STG SPT SLG PUZ RAC RPG AVG FTG ACT TPS FPS LTG AIRS RTS TBS SRPG MMO RPG ARPG TPS FPS LTG AIRS RTS TBS SRPG MMO RPG ARPG

131 1. LAN Game Local Area Network, LAN IP SEGA D Billizard Game Boy Internet Service Provider, ISP Lag LAN Party WCGCPLESWC 2. WAN Game Wide Area Network, WAN TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol IPX Internetwork Packet 119

132 Exchange TCP/IP IPX P2P Peer-to-Peer Wi-FiWireless Fidelity IP Router SEGA TECMO Billizard BANDAI NAMCO Games DS 120

133 Server-based Online Game Online Game, OLG 1000 Client TCP/IP UDP Server SQUARE ENIX XI Billizard

134 MMORPG

135 , , , , ,000 70, ,000 60,000 50, ,000 45,000 46, ,000 22,

136 MMORPG NCSOFT ARENANET GuildWar Online 2 RO MMORPG MMORPG Billizard PVPPlayer Versus Player 124

137 Patch MMORPG Close Beta PVP Billizard MMORPG 2006 WSVG Billizard

138 4-4MMORPG Web Game: TCP/IP 126

139 GIGA-RENSYA KUTAR GRAVITY RO WAP FLASH Naruto Arena WAP GAME HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol WAP Wireless Application Protocol HTML HyperText Markup Language WML Wireless Markup Language WML XMLExtensible Markup Language 127

140 WAP Web Game Web Game Web Game Web Game Web Game Web Game Web Game MSN Gaming Zone Flash Web Game Web Game RPG MiuLegend: Legacy of the Dragons Naruto ArenaTravianTribal Wars 128

141 Naruto Arena Web Game 129

142 4-5Web Game Naruto Arena Naruto Arena

143 PC Handheld Console PC Arcade Console PC Handheld Arcade PC Handheld ISP ISP ISP TCP/IP WAP TCP/IP UDP TCP/IP IPX Wi-Fi P2P TCP/IP IPX Web Game Server-based Online Game WAN Game LAN Game PC Handheld Console PC Arcade Console PC Handheld Arcade PC Handheld ISP ISP ISP TCP/IP WAP TCP/IP UDP TCP/IP IPX Wi-Fi P2P TCP/IP IPX Web Game Server-based Online Game WAN Game LAN Game 4-6

144 132 ETC RTG STG SPT SLG PUZ RAC RPG AVG FTG ACT TPS FPS LTG AIRS RTS TBS SRPG MMO RPG ARPG Arcade Console PC Handheld LAN WAN OLG Web LAN WAN WAN OLG LAN WAN Web 4-6

145 A2 recreation sport MullBayless Ross

146

147 鬪

148 136 Pocket Monster

149 137 E1 UNESCO Declaration of Sport Sports dedicate intensity sacrifice

150 Agility Balance static balance dynamic balance 138

151 3. Coordination 4. Power 139

152 140 30~40% 5. Reaction

153 Speed

154 142 E E-Sports Dell SteelSeries

155 KeSPA CJ ENTUS SaviorXellos CJ ENTUS Sean Oh

156 ToSsGirL XTM SlayerS_`BoxeR` LG IBM 144

157

158 146 G Wii PS

159 TIGER CITY SEGA 147

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167 8. Para-Para 4-15 Para-Para 155

168

169

170 KONAMI Punch Mania 158

171 TOO SPICY 159

172

173

174 WCG 2009 WCG 162

175

176 WCG

177 IC Apple PacMan Breakout 1980 Tetris PACHINGO

178 Super Mario (1) 166

179 (2) ET 6 22 MTV 1990Capcom Street Fighter

180

181

182 STG

183

184 Dreamcast 99 TBT 2000 WCGC World Cyber Game Challenge RTS

185 DSM-IV

186 Chinese Internet Addiction Scale, CIAS 1 2 寜 Taiwan Number One 2001 WCG Coex

187 WCG Cobra-X WCG EXPO Final Fantasy 2 FIFA2002 WCG ACON4 175

188 2003 WCG Olympic Park 2003 Final Fantasy WCG 3 WCG

189 IT e-sports HiNet HiNet HiNet 2003 HiNet HiNet

190 PK Hinet WCG IGAT CPL AOC CS 100 UT PK Hinet WCG IGAT CPL AOC CS 100 UT Xabr 2003

191 High PK CS CS EA KOF 2002 CS CS TCGA 2002 TCGL G-Max WCG

192 TCGL WCG

193

194

195 A WCG Civil Center Plaza 2004 Final Fantasy

196 2003 PangYa WCG SUNTEC extreme Gamers Final Fantasy 3 2 Free Style WCG Free Style Nice-Play 2006 WCG Monza F

197 extremegamer 2006 WCG XI 鬪 WCG Qwest Field UMX Z.A.C.K WCG Expo Reforma PIU WPF 2007, World Pump It Up Festival

198 A HiNet WCG ESWC ACON 5 KODE 5 WGT SOC 2007 HiNetWCG WGT Intel 186

199

200 World Cyber Game Challenge World Cyber Game World Cyber Game ACON4 3 World Cyber Game 2003 World Cyber Game 2004 World Cyber Game 2005 鬪 PangYa Free Style Nice Play XI World Cyber Game PIU Pump It Up 188

201 Taiwan e-sports League, TeSL TCGL

202 TeSL TCGL wcg gamer party SF Online WCG 2008/01/ /04/02 TeSL TCGL wcg gamer party SF Online WCG 2008/01/ /04/02 TeSL TCGL

203 SWOT USED Use each Strength Stop each Weakness Exploit each Opportunity Defend against each Threat

204 2. A9 3. ScienceNature 192

205 4. Billizard Lee Ming Seok Seung Hyun Park Go)Space Go)Space AWL 193

206 4-22 Go)Space D 194

207 WCG FPS RTS RTS FPS

208 FPS Counter-Strike CS1.6 CS:S F10

209 197 3.

210 1. MLBNBA 2. Wii 198

211 D3 3D F

212 DellHP Gaming PC Gaming Notebook

213 1. WCG WCG

214 TCGA TCGL WCG CGS Ligarena ESWC Peer Review 202

215 (1) reactive aggression (2) behavioral trait (3) (4)

216 C12

217 SWOT SWOT 205

218 206 USED 1.

219 (1) (2) B9 207

220 208 SLG Wii (3) (4) 2. ADSL emome

221 (1) CRT (2) 209

222 210 RTS FPS 3. (1)

223 (2) (1) 211

224 (2) (3) 2. (1) TCGA TCGL 212

225 (2) (3) 213

226 3. (1) (2) 4. (1) 214

227 (2) Johnathan "Fatal1ty" Wendel 1. (1) 215

228 216 (2) Subway Series 2. (1)

229 H2 (2) WCG ESWC CPL (3) 217

230 3. (1) (2) 4. (1) 218

231 (2)

232

233 221

234 222

235 WCG Taiwan Number One 2.

236

237 1. SPT 2. 却 225

238

239 227

240 m &page= 珏

241 2007CEG html 2007 WCG / html N-28E ml 2007 AWL Go)Space html (1)

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245 l (MMORPG) html iscweekly pdf (4)

246 cs tml html

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253 html VC 2005 Panic px Blicharz, M. (2006). WSVG: Much Ado About Nothing. Retrieved August 24, 2007,from Butz, C. (2007, October 11). Virtual Game Helps Children Escape Realities Of Burn Unit. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2007/10/ htm Carnegie Mellon University (2007, September 28). Online Game Helps People Recognize Internet Scams. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2007/09/ htm Entertainment Software Association (2006).2006 Essential Facts About The Computer and Video Game Industry. Washington, DC: Author. 241

254 Entertainment Software Association (2007).2007 Essential Facts About The Computer and Video Game Industry. Washington, DC: Author. Green, C.S. & Bavelier, D. (2003). Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature, 423, Green, C.S. & Bavelier, D. (2007). Action-Video-Game Experience Alters the Spatial Resolution of Vision. Psychological Science, 18(1), Hng, A. (Producer), & Wei, H.C. (Writer). (2007). World Cyber Games [Motion picture]. United States: National Geographic Channel. JAMA and Archives Journals (2007, July 4). Study Examines Video Game Play Among Adolescents. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2007/07/ htm Koera e-sport Assciation (2007).Play the future, e-sports made in KeSPA. Seoul, Korea: Author. Lau, M. (2007, February 4). Asian Invation. GotFrag esports. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from Lewis, R. (2007, September 26). Snuggles Coming of Age. Championship Gaming Series. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from =

255 Loyola University Health System (2008, March 22). Virtual-reality Video Game To Help Burn Patients Play Their Way To Pain Relief. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2008/03/ htm Maniar, N. (2007, April 30). Mobile Phone Game Will Help New Students Overcome Culture Shock. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2007/04/ htm McGill University (2007, October 24). Playing Social-intelligence Game Reduces Stress Hormone By 17 Percent. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2007/10/ htm Mull, R. F., Bayless, K. G., Ross, C. M. & Jamieson, L. M. (1987).Recreational sport management. Human Kinetics. Müller-Lietzkow, J. (2005). Sport und esport Ist E-Sport gleich Sport? aber eigentlich:let s drop the E! Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Thuringia, Germany. Müller-Lietzkow, J. (2006). Sport im Jahr 2050: E-Sport! Oder: Ist E-Sport Sport? merz Wissenschaft. In press. NASA/Langley Research Center (2000, August 15). Video Games May Lead To Better Health Through New NASA Technology. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from 243

256 /releases/2000/08/ htm National Institute of Mental Health (2007, March 2). Virtual-Reality Video Game Helps Link Depression To Specific Brain Area. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2007/03/ htm Pan, Z., He, G., Su, S., Li, X., & Pan, J. (2006). Virtual Network Marathon: Fitness-Oriented E-Sports in Distributed Virtual Environment. VSMM 2006, PixelSHREDDER. (2006). HiDef News for October from VOOM s GAMEPLAY HD. Retrieved August 24, 2007, from d=2395&fromint=1 Rosser, Jr. J. C., Lynch,P. J, Cuddihy, L., Gentile, D. A., Klonsky, J., & Merrell, R. (2007). The Impact of Video Games on Training Surgeons in the 21st Century. Archives of Surgery, 142, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey (2006, August 29). Modified Home Video Game Shows Promise For Stroke Rehabilitation. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2006/08/ htm Steinkuehler, C., & Williams, D. (2006, August 18). Some Online Video Games Found To Promote 'Sociability,' Researchers Say. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from 244

257 /releases/2006/08/ htm Storey, D.(2006).User Modelling in Computer Games Performance Measurement in Quake 3 Arena. Proceedings of the Second Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment (P. 175). Sydney: University of Sydney. Turner, M. (2006). WORLD SERIES OF VIDEO GAMES ANNOUNCES FINAL COMPETITION TO BE HELD AT CHELSEA PIERS IN NEW YORK, DECEMBER 9-11, Retrieved August 24, 2007, from University Of Toronto (2007, October 26). Playing Video Games Reduces Sex Differences In Spatial Skills. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2007/10/ htm Wagner, M.G. (2006). Computer games and the three dimensions of reading literacy. Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Videogames, WIKIPEDIA. (2007).E-Sports. Retrieved August 24, 2007, from WIKIPEDIA. Williams, D. (2005, August 12). No Strong Link Seen Between Violent Video Games And Aggression. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from /releases/2005/08/ htm 245

258 JESPA 会 会 2006 会 会発 2007 e COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT SUPPLIER'S ASSOCIATION CESA 査 国 査 All Nippon Amusement Machine Operator s Union CEG 246

259 CEVO Events CGS CPL Cybershotsz ESMania ESWC Fight Club Fighter Forum HiNet Hit-Style Ltd. JeSPA My Game Index SteelSeries TOUGEKI SUPER BATTLE OPERA WCG WCG WPF WSVG

260

261 A : Xellos e-sport 249

262

263

264

265 253 CGS NBA MLB 8. CGS 12

266 254 CGS NBA

267

268

269 257 B :00 1. MMORPG 2.

270 Taiwan NO.1 258

271

272 260 party

273 261

274 262 C :

275

276

277

278 266 D :

279 3. Wii

280 Wii 8.

281 269 E :

282

283 271

284 F : SBL SBL 272

285 273 Wii NBA mind game AI 3.

286 274 3D 4. online game

287 WGT CS CS 6.

288 276 CGS CS 2008 Dell

289 HP Gaming PC Gaming Notebook RTS FPS 277

290 WCGESWC 8. 9.

291 279 ESWC 10. FPS Counter-Strike CS1.6 CS:S

292 FPS RTS RTS FPS WCG 280

293 281 G :

294

295

296

297 9. 285

298 286 H :00 1. Wii

299 287 2.

300

301 SONY SONY

302