km N E m 34m 22m A B 1 A B B Fig. 1 1 Map showing the geological sections of the Homo sapiens Cave

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1 29 3 Vol. 29 No ACTA ANTHROPOLOGICA SINICA Aug Mus pahari Apodemus draco Apodemus agrarius Hapalomys cf. H. delacouri Chiropodomys gliroides Niviventer confucianus Niviventer fulvescens Leopoldamys edwardsi Bandicota indica Rattus norvegicus Rattus losea Q A Musser 2 M m IVPP V kzcx2-yw J wangyuan_ivpp@ yahoo. com. cn

304 29 2km N 22 17 13. 6 E 107 30 45. 1 179m 34m 22m A B 1 A B B 7 1 3 7 2 4 5 6 Fig.

2 km N E m 34m 22m A B 1 A B B Fig. 1 1 Map showing the geological sections of the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain 2 Muridae Gray 1821 Mus Linnaeus 1758 Mus pahari Thomas M1 IVPP V m1 V m2 V e mm M m m M1 t1 t4 t3 t6 t9 t8 t2 t3 t7 t4 t8 3

3 3 305 m1 X 2 m2 2 M1 t1 t4 t7 m1 Mus M1 t4 t9 t8 m1 M. pahari 3 M. caroli M. cookii M. musculus Mus cf. M. pahari 4 m1 M. pahari 5 m1 m2 Mus sp. 6 M1 t4 t8 Apodemus Kaup 1829 Apodemus draco Barrett-Hamilton M1 V M2 V m1 V m2 V d M M m m M1 t1 t3 t4 t6 t6 t6 t9 t7 t8 t9 3 M2 t1 t3 t4 t6 t7 t4 t9 t6 t8 3 2 m m2 2 M1 M2 3 M1 t7 t8 M2 t3 t7 m1 m2 Apodemus draco 7 Apodemus aff. A. draco 4 M1 M2 t7 M2 t3 m1 m2 A. draco 8 M1 t9 t8 M2 t3 t7 t8

4 Apodemus agrarius Pallas M1 V c 4 M M1 t1 t4 t6 t7 t4 t7 t8 t9 t6 M1 t7 t4 t8 Apodemus agrarius 7 1 Hapalomys Blyth 1859 Hapalomys cf. H. delacouri Thomas M1 V M2 V m3 V a M M m M1 t1 t3 t4 t6 t7 t9 t1-t2 t2-t3 t4-t5 t5-t6 5 M2 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t9 4 m3 Hapalomys H. longicaudatus 9 H. eurycidens H. angustidens 10 M1 M2 t1 t3 H. gracilis 4 11 H. delacouri 9 Chiropodomys Peters 1868 Chiropodomys gliroides Blyth M1 V m1 V b 2 4 M m M1 t1 t2 t3 t4 t1 t4 t3 t6 t1-t5-t6 t3-t5-t4 t6 t9 t7

5 3 307 Fig. 2 2 Molars of small-sized murids from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain occlusal view a Hapalomys cf. H. delacouri a1 M1 V inverse a2 M2 V inverse a3 m3 V inverse b Chiropodomys gliroides b1 M1 V b2 m1 V inverse c Apodemus agrarius M1 V inverse d Apodemus draco d1 M1 V inverse d2 M2 V inverse d3 m1 V inverse d4 m2 V e Mus pahari e1 M1 V e2 m1 V e3 m2 V t9 t3 3 m1 X 2 M1 t4 t7 t9 t3 m1 C. primitivus 10 Chiropodomys cf. C. primitivus 4 C. gliroides 12 Chiropodomys cf. C. gliorides 11 Niviventer Marshall 1976 Niviventer confucianus Milne-Edwards 1871

6 M1 V M2 V m1 V m2 V m3 V f M1 t1 t3 t2 t4 t6 t7 t9 t M2 t1 t3 t7 t9 4 5 m1 1 mm Tab. 1 Measurements of molars of N. confucianus from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain in mm Length Width X Range X Range X M M % m m m m2 20% 30% m3 2 M1 M2 t3 t9 m1 m2 m3 N. preconfucianus 4 N. confucianus 5 Musser 2 N. confucianus M t3 M2 3% t3 M3 100% m1 22% m2 89% 15% m3 100% M1 4 m1 m2 N. confucianus Niviventer fulvescens Gray M1 V M2 V m1 V m2 V m3 V m1 V m1 m2 V e 4 e m

7 3 309 M1 t1 t2 t3 t2 t4 t1 t5 t6 t4-t5-t6 t7 t9 t M2 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t mm Tab. 2 Measurements of the molars of N. fulvescens m1 from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain in mm m1 Length Width Range X Range X M M m m1 m m % 4 m2 13% 35% 2 m3 2 M1 M2 t3 t9 Niviventer Niviventer-complex 2 N. fulvesens N. confucianus M1 M1 M2 t1 m1 m1 m2 N. fulvesens N. confucianus 5 N. fulvesens 4 M1 M2 t3 M1 4 m1 2 m2 N. fulvesens Leopoldamys Elleman 1947 Leopoldamys edwardsi Thomas M1 V M2 V M3 V m1 V m2 V m3 V m1 m3 V m1 m2 V b 4 b M M M m m

8 Fig. 3 3 Molars of middle or large sized murids from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain occlusal view a Bandicota indica m1 m3 V16768 inverse b Leopoldamys edwardsi b1 M1 V b2 M2 V b3 M3 V b4 m1 m3 V inverse c Rattus norvegicus c1 M1 M3 V inverse c2 m1 m3 V d Rattus losea d1 M1 M3 V inverse d2 m1 m3 V e Niviventer fulvescens e1 M1 V e2 M2 V e3 m1 V inverse e4 m2 V inverse e5 m3 V inverse f Niviventer confucianus f1 M1 V f2 M2 V f3 m1 V f4 m2 V f5 m3 V m m M1 t1 t3 t2 t4 t6 t7 t9 t8 5 4 M2 t1 t3 t4 t5 t6 M1 t7 t9 M3 t1 t3 t6 t9 t6 t

9 3 311 m1 m2 m1 2 X 4 m2 m1 2 m3 2 t7 M2 M3 t3 m1 4 m2 m3 Leopoldamys L. edwardsi 5 M1 t3 t9 M2 t3 m1 m2 m2 m3 L. edwardsioides 4 10 L. edwardsi Bandicota Gray 1873 Bandicota indica Bechstein m1 m3 V a 4 a 2 m m1 m m1 m2 m1 m1 m1 m2 m1 m3 13

10 Rattus Fischer 1803 Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout M1 M3 V m1 m3 V m1 m3 V m1 V m3 V M1 V M M m m m c 4 c M M M m m m M1 M1 M M1 50% t1 t3 t2 t4 t6 t7 t9 t8 t8 5 M2 t1 t3 t4 t6 t7 t9 4 M3 t3 t9 t4-t5-t6-t9-t m1 m2 m m m1 70% 4 m2 m1 3 m3 3 M1 t3 t9 5 M2 t3 M3 t9 m2 m3 R. norvegicus R. norvegicus 4 M1 m1 m3 R. norvegicus 5 M1 t3 Rattus losea Swinhoe M1 M3 V m1 m3 V M1 V M M m m m d 4 d 2 4 5

3 313 M1 3. 20 3. 45 1. 80 2. 00 12 M2 2. 15 2. 40 1. 75 1. 90 5 M3 1. 75 1. 60 1. 65 3 m1 2. 70 2. 90 1. 60 1. 70 6 m2 1. 90 2. 10 1. 80 2. 50 6 m3 1. 75 1. 95 1. 55 1. 80 5 M1 M1 M3 6.

11 3 313 M M M m m m M1 M1 M M1 30% t1 t3 t2 t4 t6 t7 t9 t8 5 M2 t1 t3 t4 t6 t7 t9 4 M3 t3 t9 t4-t5-t6-t9-t R. norvegicus m m1 4 m2 m1 3 m3 3 M1 t3 t9 5 M2 t3 t9 m2 m3 Rattus M1 t1 M3 t9 m1 R. losea M3 /M Fig. 4 4 Mandibles of murids from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain a Bandicota indica V16768 b Leopoldamys edwardsi V c Rattus norvegicus V d Rattus losea V e Niviventer fulvescens V a1-e1 a2-e2.

12 Bandicota indica Rattus 3 Tab. 3 3 Comparision of murids from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain with other fossil locilities and extant murids from Chongzuo Guangxi Mus pahari M. musculus Apodemus draco Apodemus agrarius Hapalomys cf. H. delacouri H. gracilis Chiropodomys gliroides C. cf. C. primitivus Niviventer confucianus N. preconfucianus Niviventer fulvescens Leopoldamys edwardsi L. edwardsioides Bandicota indica Rattus norvegicus Rattus losea % % Niviventer preconfucianus N. confucianus Hapalomys gracilis H. delacouri Chiropodomys primitivus C. gliroides Leopoldamys edwardsioides L. edwardsi Vernaya pristina Vernaya giganta Qianomys wui

13 3 315 Mus musculus Berylmys bowersi % 16 64% 4 45% 15 Bandicota Rattus norvegicus Rattus losea Sullivan Corwin 1 Jin CZ Pan WS Zhang YQ et al. The Homo sapiens Cave hominin site of Mulan Mountain Jiangzhou District Chongzuo Guangxi with emphasis on its age J. Chinese Science Bulletin Musser GG. Results of the Archbold Expeditions No Notes on Systematics of Indo-Malayan Murid Rodents and Descriptions of New Genera and Species from Ceylon Sulawesi and the Philippines J. Bull Amer Mus Nat Hist 1981a Misonne X. African and Indo-Australian Muridae Evolutionary Trends M. Ann Mus Roy Afr Cent 1969 Ser J M J M J

14 Musser GG. The Species of Hapalomys Rodentia Muridae J. Amer Mus Novit M J Musser GG. Results of the Archbold Expeditions No The Species of Chiropodomys Arboreal Mice of Indochina and the Malay Archipelago J. Bull Amer Mus Nat Hist M J M M Murid Rodents from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain Chongzuo Guangxi South China WANG Yuan 1 2 JIN Chang-zhu 1 ZHANG Ying-qi 1 QIN Da-gong 3 1. Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systermatic of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 3. School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing Abstract Recently an incomplete mandible of anatomically modern Homo sapiens associated with abundant mammalian fossils has been recovered from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain Chongzuo Guangxi. In this study we describe the murid rodents of this site which include 8 genera and 11 species Mus pahari Apodemus draco Apodemus agrarius Hapalomys cf. H. delacouri Chiropodomys gliroides Niviventer confucianus Niviventer fulvescens Leopoldamys edwardsi Bandicota indica Rattus norvegicus and Rattus losea. The murid species from the Homo sapiens Cave all of which are still extant are morphologically more advanced than those from the Early Pleistocene Sanhe Cave Chongzuo and the Middle Pleistocene Geleshanian fauna found in the Sichuan-Guizhou area but resemble those from the Late Pleistocene Wuyun Cave of Tiandong Guangxi. The geological age of the Homo sapiens Cave fauna is estimated to be early Late Pleistocene based on this biostratigraphic correlation. U-series dating of the strata containing the human fossils gives an age of approximately 110ka BP. The murid assemblage is mainly made up of tropical-subtropical elements within the Oriental realm. Both shrub-dwelling and grass-dwelling murid species are comparatively abundant indicating that the forest was shrinking while the shrub and grassland were expanding at the time the fossils were deposited. This evidence was probably the result of a comparatively dry climate. Key words Chongzuo Guangxi Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain Early Late Pleistocene Muridae

doi:10

doi:10 小家鼠 (Mus musculus) ) 和褐家鼠 (Rattus norvegicus) ) 的化石材料与早期迁徙武仙竹王运辅 ( 重庆师范大学科技考古实验室, 重庆 400047) [ 摘要 ] 小家鼠 (Mus musculus) 化石发现于中国周口店第 1 地点周口店第 3 地点金牛