动词就是表示某一动作或行为的词, 主要包括 be 动词行为动词情态动词等动词还分为过去时现在时将来时不同的时态, 都有不同的写法动词也会根据不同的时态所变化 Eg. He often runs on the playground. 他经常去操场跑步 (play 是动词 ) Eg. Yo

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "动词就是表示某一动作或行为的词, 主要包括 be 动词行为动词情态动词等动词还分为过去时现在时将来时不同的时态, 都有不同的写法动词也会根据不同的时态所变化 Eg. He often runs on the playground. 他经常去操场跑步 (play 是动词 ) Eg. Yo"

侔群鹄湛
5 years ago
Views:

1 一小学生学习英语语法要注意的几点起步阶段不要过分重视语法中国人学英语最大的毛病就是哑巴英语, 从小就死磕英语语法, 强记各种条条框框, 语言规则, 然而这样只会起到反作用学语言的最终目的还是要用来说, 外国人在和你用英语聊天的时候根本不会去在意你说的话语法有没有错误如果在每次开口前, 都要检查自己的语法对不对, 那还有人敢开口吗? 先会听会说, 再学习规则在孩子英语启蒙的阶段, 要持续输入正确的英语句子, 就是最好的学习方法当小孩的听力和口语水平达到一定程度, 积累了大量的英语表达方式, 培养出了良好的语感, 再介入语法的学习这和学说中文牙牙学语到脱口而出的道理是一样的系统性地学习语法语法归纳起来其实就是一棵枝叶繁茂的参天大树, 如果小学生在学习的过程中也能建立起自己的语法框架, 也就等于吃透了每个语法点, 当要使用的时候就会自动调动英语语法二小学生英语语法大全之词性讲解动词第 1 页, 共 13 页

2 动词就是表示某一动作或行为的词, 主要包括 be 动词行为动词情态动词等动词还分为过去时现在时将来时不同的时态, 都有不同的写法动词也会根据不同的时态所变化 Eg. He often runs on the playground. 他经常去操场跑步 (play 是动词 ) Eg. You should read some books at weekend. 你应该在周末看看书 (should read 是情态动词 + 动词原形 ) 名词名词表示一个东西或者一类人它又分为不可数名词和可数名词, 单复数一定要搞清楚 Eg. There has a car lies on the way. 那里有一辆车停在路上 (car 是可数名词, 单数用 is) Eg. The room fulls of women. 第 2 页, 共 13 页

3 房间里挤满了女人 (women 是可数名词的复数形式 ) 形容词 / 副词形容词表示某一事物或的特征, 副词表示某一动作的特征形容词和副词只有两种形式 : 原形和 +er Eg. This kind of flower is really beautiful, but that butterfly is more beautiful. 这种花真的好漂亮, 但那只蝴蝶更漂亮 ( 漂亮是形容词, 更漂亮用 more beautiful) 代词小学英语语法中主要用人称代词和物主代词, 也就是你我他它难点在于单复数和第三人称单数变形 Eg. Did you ask me? 你问过我吗?( 动词 ask 后面跟人称代词 me) 冠词冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词, 小学英语里要掌握用 a 和 an 的不同情况, 通常元音字母 (a e i o u) 开头的词前面都用 an Eg. Do you want to eat an apple? 第 3 页, 共 13 页

4 你想吃一个苹果吗?(apple 以元音字母 a 开头前面用 an) 三小学生英语语法大全之句式讲解陈述句凡是说明一件事情, 提出一个看法, 或是表达种心情的句子都是陈述句大多数的句子都是陈述句, 它可以用肯定式和否定式 Eg. My mother is a primary school teacher. 我的妈妈是一名小学老师 ( 肯定陈述句 ) Eg. We re not students. 我们不是学生 ( 否定陈述句 ) 疑问句疑问句顾名思义是带有疑问语气的句子, 通常分为特殊疑问句和一般疑问句特殊疑问句有疑问词开头, 一般疑问句通常是 be 动词或者助动词开头 Eg. What do you want to drink? 你想喝什么?(what 是疑问词, 特殊疑问句 ) Eg. Is it your cat? 第 4 页, 共 13 页

5 这是你的猫吗?(be 动词 is 开头的一般疑问句 ) 祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事, 祈使句开头一定是以动词原形开头, 有时是 please Eg. Please give me the paper. 请把纸给我 (please 开头的祈使句后面动词 give 跟原形 ) 四小学生英语语法大全之时态讲解一般现在时一般现在时表示现在的状态, 也表示经常性或习惯性的动作 Eg. I finish class at seven every evening. 我每天傍晚七点下课 Eg. I often help my mother with the housework. 我经常会帮助妈妈做家务一般过去时表示过去发生的动作情况或存在的状态一般过去时的句型经常与表示过去的时间状语连用, 比如 yesterday,just now,last day 等等 Eg. Yesterday my mother took me to the amusement park. 昨天妈妈带我去了游乐园第 5 页, 共 13 页

6 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或状态, 在汉语里, 我们会说明天我要去放风筝下个星期我要去上画画课, 这些在英语中就要用一般将来时 Eg. Let's go shopping tomorrow. 明天我们一起去逛街吧 1. 人称代词主格 : I we you she he it they 宾格 : me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词 :my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词 : mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2. 形容词和副词的比较 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后 +er older,taller, longer, stronger (2) 多音节词前 +more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母, 再 +er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把 y 变 i, 再 +er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化 : well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3. 可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s abook books Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story stories Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass glasses a watch-watches 第 6 页, 共 13 页

7 Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano pianos a mango mangoes Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves 4. 不可数名词 ( 单复数不变 ) bread, rice, water,juice 等 5. 缩略形式 I m= I a, you re = you are, she s= she is, he s = he is it s= it is, who s =who is, can t =can not, isn t=is not 等 6.a/an a book, a peach an egg, an hour 7.Preposition on, in,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind. 表示时间 : at six o clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday, on 15th July, On National Day in the evening, in December, in winter 8. 基数词和序数词 one first, two-second,twenty-twentieth 9.some/any I have some toys in my bedroom. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 10.be 动词 (1) Basic form: am/are/is (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London. My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long. (3) 一般疑问句 : Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No,they aren t. Is the cat fat? Yes,it is. No, it isn t. 11.there be 结构肯定句 :There is a Thereare 第 7 页, 共 13 页

8 一般疑问句 : Is there? Yes, there is./ No, there isn t. Arethere? Yes, there are. /No, there aren t. 否定句 : There isn t. Therearen t. 12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don tsit down, please. 13. 现在进行时通常用 now. 形式 : be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 动词 ing 的形式 Most verbs +ing walk walking Verbs ending in e -e + ing come coming Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run running swim swimming 14. 一般现在时通常用 usually, often, every day,sometimes 肯定句 : I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day. 一般疑问句 : Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn t. 否定句 : We don t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn t like watching TV in the evening. 15. 情态动词 can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形 eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing. 2.You should keep quiet in the library. 第 8 页, 共 13 页

9 16. 一般过去时态 (a) be 动词的过去式 : I/He/she/it was(not). You/we/they were. 一般疑问句 was, were 放在句首 (b) 动词过去式 : 肯定句 : I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo. 一般疑问句 : Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, shedidn t. 否定句 : They didn t go the the part yesterday. He didn t make model ships last week. (3) 动词过去式的变化 : 规则动词的变化 : Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed Verbs ending in e+d eg liked Verbs ending in aconsonant +y --y +ied eg : study studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg:stop --stopped 不规则动词的变化 : is/am was,are were,do did,have/has had,make made,fly-flew, eat ate,take took,run ran,sing sang,drink drank 等等 17.Wh-"questions" What are you doing? What colour is it? What time is it?/ What s the time? Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? Who sthe man with a big nose? Whose bag is it? When is your birthday? Where is my ball pen? Why do you like summer? How many books are there in the school bag? 第 9 页, 共 13 页

10 How old is the young man? How much is the toy bear? How do you go to school every day? 1 一般现在时 A 表示不受时限的客观存在如:He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book. B 表示现在的习惯动作, 即指现在经常发生的动作, 一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性它常与表示程度或频度的词连用, 如 :often( 经常 ), usually( 通常, 一般 ), sometimes( 有时 ), always( 总是, 一直 ), never( 从不 ) 如 :I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school. Mike watches TV every day. I usually playcomputer games on the weekend. C 表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作. 如 :How are you? You look happy. What s the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken. 注意英语动词的现在时与原形同形但当主语是第三人称单数时, 须在词尾加 s 或 -es 例如:I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加 -es 的动词必须是以 sh, ch, o 等字母结尾的如 :watches, teaches,goes, washes 2 一般将来时表示在将来会发生的事或动作它常与表示将来的时间连用, 如 :tomorrow, next week, next year,this morning, this afternoon, this evening 等注意一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构 : 1be going to + 动词的原形 / 地点 2will + 动词的原形例句 : I m going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky. 3 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作第 10 页, 共 13 页

11 注意它的构成是 :be 的现在时形式 (am, is, are) 加动词的 ing 形式如 : What are you doing? I m writing a letter. What arethey doing? They re swimming.is he playing chess? Yes, he is.look, Amy is reading an English book. 注意动词的 ing 形式的构成规则 : 1 一般的直接在后面加上 ing, 如 doing, going, working, singing, eating 2 以 e 结尾的动词, 要先去 e 再加 ing, 如 having, writing 3 双写最后一个字母的 ( 此类动词极少 ) 有 :running, swimming, sitting, getting 4 一般过去时主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态, 也可表示过去的习惯动作它与现在时间不发生关系, 它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去, 现已不复存在它经常与表示过去的时间连用如 :I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.i went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test. 注意一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式, 动词的过去式的构成规则有 : A 规则动词 1 一般直接在动词的后面加 ed ; 如 worked, learned, cleaned, visited2 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d ; 如 lived, danced, used 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed ( 此类动词较少 ) 如 study studied carry carried worry worried (play stay 除外 )4 双写最后一个字母 ( 此类动词较少 ) 如 stopped B 不规则动词( 此类词并无规则, 须熟记 ) 小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式 : sing sang, eat ate, see saw, have had, do did, go went, take took, get got, read read, am/is was, are were, say said, tell told, come came, drink drank 小学英语语法口诀 : 第 11 页, 共 13 页

12 六大时态 : 一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时词法大全 : 名词代词冠词形容词副词介词连词情态动词数词非谓语动词五大句型 :There be 句型一般 / 特殊疑问句祈使句反意疑问句感叹句三大从句 : 宾语从句定语从句状语从句被动语态一 be 的用法口诀我用 am, 你用 are,is 连着他, 她, 它 ; 单数名词用 is, 复数名词全用 are 变疑问, 往前提, 句末问号莫丢弃变否定, 更容易,be 后 not 莫忘记疑问否定任你变, 句首大写莫迟疑二时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用 in, 日子前面却不行遇到几号要用 on, 上午下午又是 in 要说某日上下午, 用 on 换 in 才能行第 12 页, 共 13 页

13 午夜黄昏须用 at, 黎明用它也不错 at 也用在明分前, 说差可要用上 to, 说过只可使用 past, 多说多练牢牢记, 莫让岁月空蹉跎三巧记 48 个国际音标单元音共十二, 四二六前中后双元音也好背, 合口集中八个整辅音共计二十八, 八对一清又七浊, 四个连对也包括有气无声清辅音, 有声无气浊辅音, 发音特点应掌握第 13 页, 共 13 页

過去式動詞的規則變化的發音：

過去式動詞的規則變化的發音：規則動詞 -ed 的發音規則 : 規則動詞 -ed 的發音規則 ( 一 ) 動詞過去式的 ed 發音可分為三種 ([d] [t] [0d]), 和原來動詞字尾的發音有關 : 1. [ d ] : 因為接在有聲音 ( 子音或母音 ) 的後面 ( 有聲對有聲 ) Ex: played, called,