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2 Jim Cullen James Adams The Epic of America Zogby International % - - Greenberg-Quinlan-Rosner Research % Jim Cullen The American Dream A Short History of an Idea That Shaped a Nation Oxford New York Oxford University Press 2003 p James T. Adams The Epic of America Boston Little Brown and Company 1931 p Sandra Hanson and John White The American Dream in the 21st Century Philadelphia PE Temple University Press 2011 p Jon Meacham The History of the American Dream Is It Still Real Times July

3 Linda P. Morton National Opinion Research Center 6% 45% 45% 4% 2 U. S. Census Bureau % % 20% NBC News 3 90% % % Dennis Gilbert 4 1 Linda Morton Segmenting Social Classes The Middle Class Public Relations Quarterly Vol. 49 No pp Joseph G. Eisenhauer An Economic Definition of the Middle Class Forum for Social Economics Vol. 37 No pp Wall Street Journal / NBC News Poll Sep http / /pos. org /2013 /09 /nbc-newswall-street-journal-11 / 4 Dennis Gilbert American Class Structure In an Age of Growing Inequality Belmont CA Wadsworth Publishing Company 1998 p

4 The White House Task Force on Middle Class MCTF 1 decently-paying jobs 2 50% % 3. 98% % 0. 43% Middle Class Task Force Middle Class in America Washington D. C. Jan Ibid.

5 GDP 2009 U. S. Census Bureau http / /www. census. gov / U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics http / /www. bls. gov / U. S. Census Bureau https / /www. census. gov /prod /2013pubs /p pdf 13

6 % % % % PEW Research Center Aug http / /www. pewsocialtrends. org /2012 /08 / 22 / the-lost-decade-of-the-middle-class / % 43% 74% PEW Research Center The Lost Decade of Middle Class Aug http / /www. pewsocialtrends. org /2012 /08 /22 / the-lost-decade-of-the-middle-class / 14

7 % % 87% % % * ** *** * ** *** U. S. Census Bureau Income Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States 2012 Washington DC 2012 https / /www. census. gov /prod /2013pubs /p pdf Middle Class Task Force Middle Class in America Washington DC Jan http / / commerce. gov / sites / default / files / documents / migrated / Middle% 20Class% 20Report. pdf % Christian Weller and Jessica Lynch Fraying the Private Safety Net Household Wealth in Freefall Washington DC Center for American Progress

8 % 60% 43% 155% squeezed battered wiped-out losers shrinking disappearing /vanishing Jagdish Bhagwati FDI Jagdish Bhagwati In Defense of Globalization Oxford New York Oxford University Press 2004 p David Ignatius The Danger in a Declining Middle Class The Washington Post Jan Monica Szeles On the Declining of the Middle Class as an Effect of Globalization Evidence from Developed Countries Bulletin of Transilvania University of Brasov Vol. 1 No pp

9 % % % U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Hours and Earnings from the Current Employment Statistics Survey http / /www. bls. gov /pdq /SurveyOutputServlet W % 40% deindustrialization U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections Washington D. C. Feb

10 offshore outsourcing Hackett Group Bernie Sanders jobkilling Berkshire Hathaway Corporation Warren E. Buffett Herry Ford T Paul Davidson More US Service Jobs Heading Offshore CNBC Dec Matthew Rothschild Bernie Sanders Denounces Free Trade Pacts Oct http / /www. progressive. org / bernie_sanders_free_trade. html Nicolas Mokhoff Will Globalization Choke Our Middle Class Electronic Engineering News Jul Patrick J. Buchanan Suicide of a Superpower Will America Survive to 2025 New York St. Martin's Press 2011 p

11 Carol J. Loomis U. S. Census Bureau United States Balance of Trade www. tradingeonomics. com % % 100% Warren Buffett and Carol Loomis America's Growing Trade Deficit Is Selling Nation out from Under US Fortune Nov Paul Volcker David Dickson Volcker Blames Recession on Trade Imbalances The Washington Times Feb % 7. 9% 35. 5% 3. 1% 6. 9% 19

12 Jacob S. Hacker 1 Neoliberalism Neoconservatism anti-statism Henry Giroux Economic Darwinism 4 Robert McChesney Noam Chomasky Neoliberalism and Global Order 1 Jacob S. Hacker The Institution Foundation of Middle Class Democracy in Michael McTernan ed. Priorities for a New Political Economy Memos to the Left London Policy Network 2011 p The Future of America Democracy Foundation Foundation Projection Ⅱ The American Dream http / / thefutureofamericandemocracyfoundation. org /Project1. html Henry A. Giroux Neoliberalism's War on Democracy Apr Henry A. Giroux Neoliberalism's War on Higher Education Haymarket Books 2014 http / /www. truth-out. org /opinion /item /23306-neoliberalisms-war-on-democracy

13 Paul Pierson Winner- Take-All Politics 2 political donations campaign contributions plutarchy % 80% Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson Winner-Take-All Politics How Washington Made the Rich Richer and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class New York Simon & Schuster Jacob S. Hacker The Institution Foundation of Middle Class Democracy p Lewis H. Lapham Feast of Fools How American Democracy Became All about the Rule of Money Lapham's Quarterly Fall

14 SEC % % % % 50% % % % % % 25% % % % 5 1 Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson Winner-Take-All Politics How Washington Made the Rich Richer and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class pp U. S. Tax Foundation Federal Individual Income Tax Rates History www. taxfoundation. org. 4 John Williamson John Williamson What Washington Means by Policy Reform in John Williamson ed. Latin American Adjustment How Much Has Happened Washington D. C. Institute for International Economics Darien Jacobson Brian Raub and Barry Johnson The Estate Tax Ninety Years and Counting http / /www. irs. gov /pub /irs-soi /ninetyestate. pdf U. S. Tax Foundation Historical Federal Estate Tax Exemptions and Rates www. taxfoundation. org. 22

15 % % Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act % 1% 0. 1% 0. 01% Congressional Budget Office % 40% 90% % Jacob S. Hacker The Institution Foundation of Middle Class Democracy p Robert Faris The Middle Class from a Sociological Viewpoint Social Force Vol. 39 No pp Joseph Gerteis Political Alignment and the American Middle Class Sociological Forum Vol. 13 No pp Joseph Klafter Richard M. Nixon The Great Silent Majority 23

16 David Ignatius 3 4 Barrington Moore William Thompson Dennis Gilbert Joseph Hickey 1% 14% 30% 30% Leonard Beeghley 13% 12% 1% 15% 32% 32% 20% 1% 5% 46% 36% 12% Dennis Gilbert The American Class Structure In An Age of Growing Inequality Belmont CA Wadsworth 2002 William Thompson and Joseph Hickey Society in Focus Boston MA Pearson Allyn and Bacon 2005 Leonard Beeghley The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States Boston MA Pearson Allyn and Bacon Harry Kreisler Elizabeth Warren Interview Conversations with History Institute of International Studies UC Berkeley Mar David Ignatius The Danger in a Declining Middle Class Barrington Moore Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World Boston Beacon Press 1993 p

17 3 40% 50% Charles Tittle Raymond Paternoster 3 1 Seymour Lipset Political Man The Social Bases of Politics Baltimore MD The Johns Hopkins U- niversity Press 1981 Jürgen Habermas The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society Cambridge MA MIT Press 1989 Robert Putnam et al. Making Democracy Work Civic Traditions In Modern Italy Princeton NJ Princeton University Press Charles Tittle and Raymond Paternoster Social Deviance and Crime Los Angeles Roxbury Publishing Company

18 Joseph Pulitzer 2 20 McClure's Magazine The American Magazine Lincoln Steffens The Shame of the Cities 1904 New Jersey A Traitor State Charles Mills W. C Charles Mills White Collar The American Middle Classes New York Oxford University

19 95% 1 Third Way Jim Kessler 2 Jeffrey Stonecash Mitt Romney 52% 42% 38% 71% Tom Troy Obama Vows to Rebuild American's Middle Class McClatchy-Tribune Business News Sep Joshua Green The Angry Middle Class Sept http / /www. theatlantic. com /politics /archive /2010 /09 /the-angry-middle-class / Jeffrey Stonecash Class and Party in American Politics Boulder CO Westview Press 2000 pp Robert Samuelson Saving the Middle Class The Washington Post Aug PEW Research Center The Lost Decade of the Middle Class. 6 Debbie Howlett Dems See a Rising Star in Illinois Senate Candidate USA Today Mar

20 The Audacity of Hope Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream Tom Troy Obama Vows to Rebulid America's Middle Class McClatchy-Tribune Business News Sep Barack Obama The Audacity of Hope Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream New York Crown&Three Rivers Press Barack Obama Renewing American Leadership Foreign Affair Vol. 84 No pp David Mendell Obama From Promise to Power New York HarperCollins Robert Kuttner Obama's Economic Opportunity The American Prospect Vol. 20 No pp Rex Nutting U. S. Democracy Is a Victim as the Middle Class Fades Away Market Watch Feb Christopher Caldwell Just Who Are We America's Middle Class Dilemma Financial Times Sep Middle Class Task Force Annual Report of the White House Task Force on the Middle Class Washington D. C. Feb http / /www. whitehouse. gov /sites /default /files /microsites / annual-report-middleclass. pdf. 28

21 95% Project Labor Agreements Employee Free Choice Act AEMTC 10% 20% 1 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act % % Middle Class Task Force Annual Report of the White House Task Force on the Middle Class. 2 U. S. Department of Labor and Bureau of Labor Statistics Handbook of Labor Statistics Bulletin 2340 Table 6 U. S. Census Bureau 2010 Statistical Abstract Section 12 Table

22 Paycheck Fairness Act K 30% 40% % 401 K 401 K Plans 15% IRA K 4 5 TIP GRA % The White House Proclamation on Women's Equality Day 2013 Washington D. C. Aug K 401K 401K K Brian Buck et al. Changes in U. S. Family Finances from 2004 to 2007 Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances Federal Reserve Bulletin Feb

23 60% % % % CCDF 20 3 ELCF NFCSP NACSP Family and Medical Leave Act U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Women in the Labor Force A Databook 2009 Edition Sept U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics David Madland and Nick Bunker The Middle Class Is Key to a Better-Educational Nation Center for American Progress Action Fund Nov Middle Class Task Force Annual Report of the White House Task Force on the Middle Class. 31

24 K IBR DLP FFEL Pell Grants AOTC 2500 CACF CSP FPL Jeseph Kahl Barack Obama Why We Need Health Care Reform New York Times Aug

25 Paul Krugman 1 Ohmae Kenichi M 2 Thomas Piketty % % % M Lawrence Samuel William Clinton 5 1 Paul Krugman The End of Middle-Class America New York Times Oct M Lawrence Samuel The American Dream A Culture History Syracuse New York Syracuse University Press 2012 pp Jon Meacham The History of the American Dream Is It Still Real Times July

26 THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES June 2015 Vol. 36 No. 3 ARTICLES Has the American Dream Faded The Motivations and Measures of the Obama Administration Rebuilds America's Middle Class Zhang Xingxiang 9 Polls show that there is a strong sense of identity for the middle class among Americans. In a certain sense the American dream is a middle-class dream. However the change of household income net wealth and household expenditure over the past two or three decades indicates that the American middle class faces a great challenge or crisis. The middle class is not only the embodiment of the American dream but also the foundation of American political life and even its entire liberal democracy. The decline of the middle class means the decline of the American dream. Therefore to revive the American dream via rebuilding American middle class has become a priority ever since the Obama Administration came to power. Accordingly the Obama Administration has taken such measures as creating more job positions increasing retirement security promoting the balance between work and family life and reinforcing education. By now some initial progress has been made. However whether America's middle class can be revived or not will depend on the management of such essential problems as America's economic recovery and the adjustment of social policies. U. S. Involvement in Central Asian Affairs and the Reponses from Central Asian Countries Zeng Xianghong 34 The U. S. has been actively involved in Central Asian affairs ever since the collapse of the former Soviet Union and has become a very influential external player in Central Asia. The U. S. is committed to integrate Central Asian countries into the Western security and value system and to shape the directions of the development of Central Asian countries and their geopolitical environments. In order to achieve these objectives the U. S. has utilized coercive power institutional power and representational power. Although Central Asian countries are not comparable to the

GDP % % GDP % % GDP 56% 68% Executive Office of the President Economic Report of the Pr

GDP % % GDP % % GDP 56% 68% Executive Office of the President Economic Report of the Pr 2013 3 67 2009 2009 1 1 * 200433 ** 2007CG11 1 2011 3 68 2013 3 1 20 80 GDP 1980 30. 2% 2008 19% GDP 1980 20% 2008 11. 4% GDP 56% 68% 2 2008 1 2 Executive Office of the President Economic Report of the