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1 ) 14, ,1,2 18.3

2 Monthly means of temperature Solar radiation Precipitation (1) 1 a. 6-1 PVC 16 inch 2 10% 2.27 b Vinyl?1

3 -184- white net 6-3?2 Fixed net in inner 35% 3 Column 4Bottom chord5 King post6top chord7 Eave gutter or purlin8purlins9ridge purlin10bars 6-4 c % PVC 6-7 a,b,c a. (3,4 ) (5,6,7,8,9 ) (10,11 ) (12,1,2 ) b. a) b) (a) 3,4,10,11 5,6,7,8,

4 ,1, (b) 30 C C 10g g O.A.C O.A.C1984 Kjeldahl N% C 2g A.O.A.C1984 2,6-Dichloroindophenol Dubois et al., NHCl 5ml 50ml Inductively Coupled PlasamaAtomic Emiision Spectrophotometer ICPAES Jobin Yvon JY38TypeIII? C (2)?

5 MJ m-2day MJm-2day mm?2 C C g/m2

6 ( ) (3,4 ) (5,6,7,8,9 ) (10,11 ) (12,1,2) b b a b b a a a a a a a a a a ( ) b b b a a b a a a a a a ( ) a a a a a a b b b? ? Duncan s MRT 5% ,11 12,1,

7 (3,4 ) (5,6,7,8,9 ) (10,11 ) (12,1,2 ) ( ) 16.3 b 17.3 b 18.9 b 15.3 b 13.7 b 21.8 b 26.7 a 28.0 a 16.8 b 15.7 b 27.7 a 29.8 a 31.6 a 26.4 a 22.8 a ( ) 24.6 b 22.8 b 32.8 b 32.8 b 29.2 b 27.3 b 40.9 a 25.8 b 39.0 a 38.3 a 44.2 a 37.8 a 35.8 a ( ) 33.4 a 32.1 a 34.7 a 36.4 a 35.5 a 37.3 a 28.2 b 26.5 b 29.8 b? ? Duncan s MRT 5% ( ) (3,4 ) (5,6,7,8,9 ) (10,11 ) (12,1,2 ) 81.3 b 79.2 a 98.3 a 82.4 a 65.2 a 79.7 a 75.5 a 95.5 a 85.6 a 62.3 a 80.7 a 73.6 a 93.1 a 86.6 a 69.5 a ( ) a a a b a a a a a a b b ( )

8 -189- ( 6-3) ( ) (3,4 ) (5,6,7,8,9 ) (10,11 ) (12,1,2 ) 37.7 a 39.5 a 35.8 a 38.1 a 37.5 a 38.7 a 34.7 a 35.7 a 33.6 a? ? Duncan s MRT 5% 6-4 ( ) (3,4 ) (5,6,7,8,9 ) (10,11 ) (12,1,2 ) 5.0 b 5.1 b 6.9 a 4.8 b 3.2 c 6.3 a 6.8 a 7.2 a 5.4 b 5.3 b 7.3 a 7.2 a 7.7 a 7.3 a 6.9 a ( ) 6.5 a 6.4 a 6.8 b 6.4 b 7.1 a 6.8 a 7.8 a 6.6 b 7.1 a 7.2 a 7.6 a 7.3 a 6.2 a ( ) 8.7 a 8.5 a 8.8 a 8.8 a 8.9 a 8.7 a 7.5 b 7.0 b 7.9 a? ? Duncan s MRT 5% ; :

9 ( ) (3,4 ) (5,6,7,8,9 ) (10,11 ) (12,1,2 ) a b b a b a a a a a a a a a a ( ) b b b a a b a a b a a a ( ) a a a a a a b a b? ? Duncan s MRT 5% C

10 -191- C C 6-1 C C % 1994 C 6-6 () (M.J. ) (mm) 0.79* * ** * *** 5%1% 1987; Libner Nonnecke,1989

11 ( ) (%) (%) (%) (%) mg ? ? Duncan s MRT 5% (3)? MJm-2day-14.1 MJm-2day MJm-2day ~ ~ ~ MJm-2day-1 4.0~5.1MJm-2day-1

12 -193- Max. and Min. Temperaure () Max. Min. Max. and Min. Temperaure () Precipitation (mm) Solar Radiation (MJm - 2 day - 1 ) J F M A M J J A S O N D CO CO 2 (ppm) ppm424.6ppm 315.3ppm Heij de Lint1984?

13 Sugiyama1978 Cumulative Temperature () Cumulative temperature Total fresh Weight (gm -2 ) a b a a a b a c b c b c 6-4 Total fresh weight Duncan s MRT 5%

14 C 6-5ABD 6-5C ~2000 Y 11 Y 12 Y 14 Y 15 Total fresh weight Cumulative temperature X 11 X 12 X 14 X

15 Edible amarauth ** 0.74** 0.96** 0.76* ** 0.70** 0.93** ** * * (0.36) * ** 5% 1% 6-9 Edible amarauth ** * ** (0.88) (-0.58) -0.70* ** ** ** ** * ** 5% 1%

16 -197- Plant height (cm) b a a b a a a b b a b c 6-6 Plant height Duncan s MRT 5% Leaf area (cm 2 plant -1 ) a a a a b a a b b b a c 6-7 Leaf area Duncan s MRT 5%

17 -198-? C 6-10 (3~5 ) C (%) (%) (%) a 0.9a 2.3a 23.6a 95.7a 212.5a 96.9a 2.8a 4.8ab 0.8ab 2.1ab 22.4a 81.3b 197.3b 91.7b 3.2a 4.3b 0.5b 1.9b 18.5a 75.5c 189.1c 84.9c 3.4a (6~9 ) 3.2c 0.3a 1.4a 12.3a 54.7c 147.0c 80.6b 1.2a 4.3a 0.8b 1.9b 17.7b 66.4a 169.5a 87.3a 1.5a 3.8b 0.6ab 1.6ab 14.5a 61.2b 156.4b 78.9b 1.2a (10~11 ) 4.6a 0.6a 2.1a 20.3a 85.7a 198.5a 94.7c 2.1a 4.4a 0.5a 1.9ab 19.2a 71.5b 180.7b 92.3b 2.6a 4.1a 0.3a 1.6b 16.4b 68.3c 163.6c 88.6a 1.9a (12~2 ) 4.0a 0.4a 1.9a 16.7a 68.8a 154.8a 86.3a 1.2a 3.9a 0.3a 1.7ab 13.5b 61.4b 149.1b 81.7b 1.7a 3.7a 0.2a 1.4b 10.5c 57.9c 140.3c 76.4c 1.5a? ? Duncan s MRT 5% 6-8 C 6-8ABD C

18 ~2000 outdoor culture improved house CAscorbic acid Y 11 Y 12 Y 13 Y 14 X 11 X 22 X 23 X Readdy et al.1992

19 CNS8622 N CNS12569 N :PP :pp PP : (1): (3): A.O.A.C. (1984) "Official Methods of Analysis" 14th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C. 16. Dubois, M., K.A. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, P.A. Rebers, and F. Smith Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances. Analytical Chemistry 28(3): Heij, G. and P. J. A. L. de Lint Prevailing Co2 concentrations in glasshouses. Acta Hort. 162: Libner Nonnecke. l989. Vegetable Production. pp: University of Guelph, Ontario,Canada. 19. Reddy, K. R., V. R. Reddy and H. F. Hodge Temperature effects on early season cotton growth and development. Agron. J. 84: Sugiyama, J. S Developmental physiology of vegetables and cultivation technique Yokendo, Tokyo. 21. Tsai, J. C Studies on the relationships between leaf area index and yield in rice plants. J. Agric. Res. China 33(2): Wu, C. H Cooling facilities and control in greenhouses. Proc. 2nd Congress Hort. Production under structure., Taichung, Taiwan, February, pp.

20 -201-2) (1) 4,400?1 a. 10:00~14:00 b. 34? ?3 a. 2,

21 -202- b. 20 c. 1-2 d e. f. 25 tomatotone , g (2) 7,500~8,000?1 a.

22 m 0.4m 35~40cm 1,000~1,140 /0.1 55~60cm666~727 /0.1 20cm b.?2 a. b Earl s?3) a. a) b) 0.1 1,0002, c) d) e) (a) 10 10~ (b) 3~ f) g) b. a) b) 0.1 2,0003,

23 -204- c) d) 12 e) 12 f) Earl s 12 g) 57 h) i) pf2.0 pf2.5 pf2.3 pf2.6 pf2.4 pf2.7 (3) C H 16 24?1) a b ?2

24 % % % 2122 monoecious 2122 DariusHA % 1820?3 a b c d e.

25 , NO.96pp p () : () 27: () 28: pp pp Hochmuth, R. C Greenhouse Cucumber Production, HS790.. Florida Greenhouse Vegetable Production Handbook, Vol 3. Extension Institute Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.

26 -207-3) (1) " "?1 450 H H HP H ;

27 ? ? ?

28 -209-7,000 2,2002,400? ? PP ( #22)

29 (4) () P P P (5) Fang W.,K. C. Ting and G. A. Giacomelli Animated simulation of greenhouse internal transport using SIMAN/CINEMA. Transactions of the ASAE 33(1) Helms, K. and L. F. Myers Response of bean sprouts (phaseolus aureus L. and Vigna sinensis Endl.) to calcium. Thai J. Agr. Sci Helms, K. and L.F. Myers Ethylene in relation to growth of bean sprouts(phaseolus aureus L.) Thai. J. Agr. Sci (2) Medicago sativa AL-FAL-FAL 100, A B 1 B 2 C E B 6 B g g g g g g cal mg mg mg mg mg mg mg I.U. mg mg mg mg mg mg?1

30 -211- a b c d e ?2 5-7?3 a. b

31 c d ? p (3) Triticum sativum 14

32 USDA Yearbook, 1939 (/100 ) ?1 8-20cm a. b c d e f ?2

33 -214-?3 a. b c d. e ? U.S.Department of Agriculture.1939.Yearbook.

34 -215- (4) (mg/100g) A 10 IU 3.4 B1 0.09,1989 B C (%) (%) (%) (%) /100g ,1991?1 a.

35 x20x6 6-42~ 6-50 b. 13 8~ ~80 c d % %

36 % a) b) (a) (b) (c ) AD/DA

37 -218-

38 -219-?2 a. a) (a) (b) 6~7 99% 8~9 b) c) 10 1 d) 6~8 3~ ~20 e) ~90% f) 95% (350) , 2-5ppm g) 5~7 b.

39 -220- a) b) (30cmX60cm) c) ~12 12 d) 2ppm 36~48 ( 1.5~2.0 ) 7~ ~90 3 e) f) ~ g)

40 %RH %RH : : : : : (3): Vol.32(1): (2) () 23(3): Ethephon 26(2,3): : / p:

41 -222- p: No.60: (): Vol.43 (22) (): p p: (): (3): Vol.2(34): NACMCF 1999 Microbiological safety evaluation and recommendations on sprouted seeds. International Journal of Food Microbiology (52): Chang D. C. N A study of mungbean sprout production. Proceedings of the 1st International Mungbean Symposium. P: Chang, C. N. and S. J. Chen Responses of etiolated mungbean sprouts to plant hormones Plant Growth Regulations in Agriculture, p FFTC Book series NO.34. 4) 24 (1)

42 -223-?1 a. b % -80% 50% 50% 30% 30% 30% 30%?2 a. b a) (a) (b) b) (a) (b) 30 (c ) 30

43 -224-? ??? 2? 3?? 4? 5?? 6? 7? 8?? 9? 10 11? 12?? 13 14?? 15?? 16?? 17 18? 19 20? 21?? 22 ( )

44 -225- ( 6-17) 23 24?? 25? 26? 27? 28? 29? 30 31? 32?? (2) ?1 a. 30~50 3~5 0.3~ ~ ~0.4 35~ ~ ~30

45 -226- b. a) b) c. a) b) c) d) e) ?2 a. Asplenium nidus L. 1200

46 % 75% 6070 b. a) b) (a) (b) 510 c. 5070% a) ( ) b) 2,800~3, c) 30 d) e) ?3

47 -228- a. Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig b c. a) b) c) d) e) f) (a) (b)()

48 g) lux 6 35 h) 34 23?4 a. (Umbelliferae) Crytotaenia japonica Hassk. AC b c. a) b) (a) m (b)

49 c) peaters d) 40%60% % e) f)

50 () P P P P P P P 143

51 ), PE , 1975 PE 6-80, 1984 Simon, 1967 (1) , 1977

52 a

53 -234- b /2 PE 1 32 (2) a. Dianthus caryophyllus Dalmais Ball, 1998 b. a) Standard type 8 Sim Sim

54 -235- D. Chinensis b) Spray type 58 5 c) Mini type Single flower type Splitting 65% 90% c. a) (a) (b) 1% 5% b) c) 3 4 6

55 % % d. a) ph 6.0-pH b) c) 7 Rhizoctonia ,000-15, g/L EC d) e) f) 3 4

56 a. 25% / 50m/ b. c No PE A 69

57 No Ball,V Ball RedBook. Ball Publishing. Batavia, IL. P Edmonds, J Container Plant Manual 91-97, , Grower Books London. 12. El-Aidy, F Research on the use of plastic and shade net on the production of some vegetable crops in Egypt. Acta Horticulturae Muynck, B. DE., R. Vandevelde and H. Ben Hassine Influence of different plastic materials on the microclimate and yields of different crops, under Nantes tunnels. Acta Horticulturae Laurie, A, D.C Kiplinger and K.S Nelson, Commercial Flower Forcing. 8 th Ed.. P Simons, A. J All about greenhouse. Lowe and Brydone LTD, London. 16. Stanley, J. and A. Toogood The Modern Nurseryman. p Taber and Faber, London. (3) ( )

58 (10-15) ( bullhead) 21-24(70-75 F) (60-62 F) a. ( ) ( ) ( ) b c

59 -240- d e ( ) ( ) p (3): (4): (2): (Arching) : Mastalerz, J.W Environmental factors, light, temperature, carbon dioxide.

60 -241- p In:R.W. Langhans (ed.) Roses---A Manual on the Culture, Diseases and Insects of Greenhouse Roses. Roses Inc., U.S.A. Management, (4) :Eustoma grandiflorm (Raf.) Shnn l / klux (rosette) 2 a b c. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 24-32

61 -242- d M e. (1) 10 / 2 / 20 / 15 / 10 / (2) 3 / (3) 8 / 19 / ( )(4) / f. g. 34

62 (6) (4) p p p (5) Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat compositae 1920 Garner Allard Shibata, klux 60-70klux Shibata, 1988 De Lint and Heij, 1987; Karlsson et al, 1989; Larsen and Persson, )

63 -244- a m 35m 2.4m % b. a) 60% b) 20 lux 1984Accati-Garibaldi, et al., lux :00 02:00 Langton, 1987 c. a) b) 2001; c)

64 : pp pp Accati-Garibaldi, S., A. M. Kofranek, and R. M. Sachs Relative efficiency of fluorescent and incandescent lamps in inhibition flower induction in Chrysanthemum morofolium Albaltross. Acta Hort. 68: De Lint, P. J. A. L., and G. Heij Effects of day and night temperature on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum. Acta Horti.197: Karlsson, M. G., R. K. Heins, J. E. Erwin, R. D. Berghage, W. H. Carlson, and J. A. Biernbaum Temperature and photosynthetic photon flux influence chrysanthemum shoot development and flower initiation under short-day conditions. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114(1): Karlsson, M. G., R. K. Heins, and W. J. Holcomb Influence of temperature, photosynthetic photon flux and plant age on light utilization efficitency in chrysanthemum. Acta Horti.197: Langton, F. A Apical dissection and light integral monitoring as methods to determine when long day interruptions should be given in chrysanthemum growing. Acta Horti.197: Larsen, R. U., L. Persson Modelling flower development in greenhouse chrysanthemum cultivars in relation to temperature and response group. Scientia Horti. 80: Lee, J. H., E. Heuvelink, and H. Challa Effect of planting date and plant densit on crop growth of cut chrysanthemum. J. Hort. Sci. 77(2): Shibata, M The useful characteristics of Japanese summer-flowering cultivars in chraysantemum year-round production. JARQ 21(4): (6) Anthurium andraeanum ( )A.andraeanum A. andreacola ( ) A. scherzeranum ( )

65 ~32 21~ ~25000lux 25000lux 80% 50-60% 80% a. a) 6-97 b) c) ph ph 5.7

66 -247- EC ds/m EC Ca ++ Mg ++ Cl - K + Mn ++ (Oasis) (Ec:1.2ds/mpH:5.5) ( ) EC EC b. ( ) V W V W a) Oasis

67 -248- EC b) NO 3 - H 2 PO 4 - SO 4 = NH mmol/l 6.5 mmol/l 91 ppm K Ca Mg Fe umol/l 15 umol/l 0.8 Mn Zn B Cu Mo EC ms/cm N 2.03 % P K Ca Mg /4

68 -249- AB phec 6-20 ( ) A Ca(NO 3 ) kg A NH 4 NO kg A KNO kg A Fe-DTPA 2.8kg B KNO kg B KH 2 PO kg B K 2 SO 4 8.7kg B MgSO kg B Na 2 B 4 O g B MnSO 4 35g B ZnSO g B CuSO g B Na 2 MoO g P

69 () 103: No. 24: : : Conover, C.C. snd R.J. Henny Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization ratios on growth and flowering of three anthurium hybrids. CFREC-Apopka Research Report RH University of Florida. 10. Henley, R.J. and C.A. Robinson Evaluation of twenty-one potted anthurium cultivars grown for interior use. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 107: Henny, R. J Stimulating flowering of ornamental aroid genera with gibberellic acid: A review. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 108: Higaki,T., D.P. Watson, and K.W. Leon Hardt Anthurium culture in Hawaii. University of Hawaii 13. Higaki,T., H. P. Rasmussen, and W. J. Carpenter, A Study of Some Morophological and Anatomical Aspects of Anthurium andreanum Lind. cuhture In Hawaii. University of Hawaii 14. Higaki,T., L J. S. ichty, and D. Moniz,1994. Anthurium culture in Hawaii. University of Hawaii 15. Kamemoto, H. and A.R. Kuehnle Breeding Anthuriums in Hawaii. Univ. Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 16. Kobayashi, R.S, J.L., Brewbaker and H. Kamemoto, Identification of Anthurium andraeanum cultivars by gel electrophoresis. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 112(1): Kuehnle, A.R., H. Kamemoto, F. Rauch, J. Lichty, T.D. Amore and N.C. Sugii Anthurium cultivars for container production. Hort. Digest 108 2) (1) 1 Herb (Aloe) (Echinacea) (Comfrey) 40 10

70 -251- a. ( ) b. a) b) c)

71 d) : : Adamson, I Greenhouse basil production. P In:Berzins, R. and C. Richter. Richters first commercial herb growing conference. Richters. Canada. 4. Shores, S Growing and selling fresh-cut herbs. Storey books. Canada.

72 -253- (2)Dendranthema grandiflora 1 a b Klu x 100 Klux c d. 2 a lux

73 b. 80 IBAIAA NAA ppm c. NP 2 O 5 K 2 O= d

74 p ( ) p p pp p p Anderson, N. O. 1987, Reclassification of the Genus Chrysanthemum L. HortScience Crater, G. D. 1992, Potted Chrysanthemums. Introduction to Floriculture. Second Edition. (3) (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex Klotzsch.) Taxco a. ( 5-6 lux lux )

75 lux b ( ) c. ph EC d. 2 a lux Klux b ( ) Klux3 15 Klux IBA ppm pp ppm N (NP 2 O 5 K 2 O) c

76 d N 1 20 Klux Ball, V Poinsettia, pp In: Ball RedBook, 16th edition, V. Ball, editer. Ball Publishing, Batavia, Illinois. 3. Boodley, J. W Poinsettia, pp In:The Commercial Greenhouse. Delmar Publishers, Albany, New York. 4. Dole, J. M Poinsettia, pp in:floriculture:principles and species. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 5. Love, J.W Poinsettia, pp in:introduction to Floriculture.Academic Press, Inc., (4) (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.)

77 a. 40 Klux 50 Klux 11.5 (12.5 ) b c d. CO 2 CO ppm 2 a b. 2-3 (1 ) lux Klux

78 -259- c PH EC ds/m 150 ppmn K ppm ppm Klux 50 Klux ( ) ( ) Ball, V Kalanchoe, pp In: Ball RedBook,16 th edition, V. Ball, editer. Ball Publishing, Batavia, Illinois. 3. Boodley, J. W Kalanchoe, pp in:the Commercial Greenhouse. Delmar Publishers, Albany, New York. 4. Dole, J. M Kalanchoe, pp In: Floriculture: principles and species. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 5. Love, J. W Kalanchoe, pp In: Introduction to Floriculture. Academic Press, Inc., (5) (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.))

79 a Klux Klux 50 b c. ph d ppmco 2 2 a. b ph IBA Klux 4-5 c

80 (G ) ph ph ph N (12-18 g/l)10-14 ph N K Ball, V Hydrangea, pp In: Ball RedBook,16th edition, V. Ball, editer. Ball Publishing, Batavia, Illinois. 3. Boodley, J. W Hydrangea, pp in: The Commercial Greenhouse. Delmar Publishers, Albany, New York. 4. Dole, J. M Hydrangea, pp in: Floriculture: principles and species. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. (6) (monocotyledonae) (Bromeliads) PitcarnioideaeBromelioideae Tillandsioideae Pitcarnioideae Bromelioideae 27 6 Tillandsioideae 20 G. oatarag. luna 1 (Guzmania)

81 -262- (Vriesia) (Aechmea) (Neoregelia) 18 22Klux mm 1 3 mm 75-80% 22 30Klux % 30 40Klux % 50Klux % ( ) Klux 1830 (CAM) % 60% % 60-70% phca Na Ca Na ph mm 3mm 1cm ph EC

82 ms/cm G. denise 3 250ppm G. cherry ppm (2) 114: (4) 117: : pp (1) pp Proft, M.P.De, O. Mekers, L. Jacobs and J. A. De Greef Influence of light and flowering inducing chemicals on the quality of the Bromeliaceae inflorescence. Acta Horticulturae 181: Williams, B. E. and I. Hodgson Growing Bromeliad. p.1-5, 25-42, The Bromeliad Society of Australia Inc 3) (1) 2

83 -264- P. amabilis v. formosana P. eguestris cm cm cm 700~ ~22 25~ ~30 18~22 3~ a. 3~5 3,000~5,000 lux 6,000~9,000 lux 25~29 b. 2~3 10~14 3~4 3~

84 -265- c. 7 3~4 6,000~9,000 lux a) 25~30 27~28 65~85 b) 10,000 lux 10,000 ~15,000 lux 20,000~25,000 lux c) 7~10 10 d) 7~14 7~ ~ EC 0.6 EC 0.8 EC ~ ~22 / lux 3~ ~27 / P280~P P30~53 --? P12~ P , NHK 5. Eric, A C Phalaenopsis A Monograph p ,p , Timber Press (2) 6-112

85 ; Dancing Lady Onc. papilio Onc Sweet Sugar Onc. Gower Ramsey 3-4 Crytochiya Cucullata Tolumnia Onc. Pulchellum 2 50%~70% 50%~70% 0.15mm

86 % Terrazole ~70% 70% 15~ ~ :10: ~ % 3 1:1: % / % Terrazole

87 ~8 p.122~ p p253~ p39~ P.43~ p63~84 -?18 (3) 5~ % 1 13 Rhyncholaelia Lailia Sophronitis Brassavola Cattleya Broughtonia EncycliaEpidendrum Schomburgkia

88 -269- a. Cattleya William b. laelia flavabrigeriirupestris pumila,dayana,jongheana c. Sophionitis coccinea,cernua brevipeduncalata violacea sophronitella violacea d. Brassavola digbyana,glauca 2 a. 25~35 klux 50~60% b. C 3 CO 2 CAM 20 /10 20 /20 CO ~25 16~18 15~22 12~13 c d. a) 60~65% b) 3-4

89 -270- RO PH 5-7 EC EC 0.3~ ~1.2 EC 0.6~0.7 EC :00 40W ~ ~9 10~ pp. 2. Ariditti, J Orchid Biology:Reviews and Perspectives II. Cornell University Press p1~p22?18 (4) % 1 2-3

90 Cymbidium a. 8 a) Cymbidium ensifolium var. rubrigemmum b) Cymbidium ensifolium var. xiphiifolium c) Cymbidium faberi d) Cymb idium formosanum e) Cymbidium kanran f) Cymbidium lancifolium g) Cymbidium sinense h) Cymbidium tortisepalum b. 2 a) Cymbidium dayanum b) Cymbidium pumilum.?2 a. 40~50% 70~80% b. 15~ ~70% c. 2~4 d.

91 -272- Magamp K Peters Hyponex e. 4~5 fir bark 1.5~ P.73~ : : (2) 355pp ( )

92 pp pp ?18 p112-p152 (5) Cymbidium % a. 60,000 70,000 lux 30,000 lux 50% 20~30% b ,000 lux 1200~1500 c. a) 1.0kg/cm 2 2.0kg/cm 2 b) d. e. 1-8 / kg/cm 2

93 -274-2% mu fertilizer injector ~1.50 kg/cm 2 EC 1.0ms/cm Na Cl NO 3 -N 25ppm 90ppm ph 5.5 NH + 4 -N Aalsmerr EC 1.0ms/cm 3 3 EC0.5ms/cm 6 0.8ms/cm 8 1.0ms/cm 2 a. a) (a) 20/10 / 35/25 (b)5-6 50% 20 b) 2~ c) d) ~60klx b.

94 -275- a) 3 (a)?a 9~ ~12 12~3 10?b 15?c7~ (b) 7 7 ~9 800~ ~ ~2 6 (c) 9 6~10 3 3~5 3 a % +30% +20% b. a) b) ~15 c d lux

95 ~2 lux 3 ~6 lux 50% 20~30% e p , p ?18 (6) 5 2 ~ ?1 1500

96 -277- a. Nobile type Eugenanthe nobilemoniliformeaureum findlayanum b. Phalaenopsis type phalaenanthe ceratobium bigibbumphalaenopsis Ekapol Limtlepa Tomie Drake SoniaCaesar Tomie Drake Jaquelyn Thomasgouldii Phalaenopsis c. Formosum type Oxygenianthe =Nigrohirsuta formosumschuetzeii Thomas Warne sanderae formosum infundibulum 6-7 d. Kingianum type Dendrocoryne speciosumkingianum Speciosum kingianum ?2 a. a) (a) 1~3 (b) (c ) (d) 30/20 / 25/15

97 b) 30 b. a) (a) (b) BA ppm BA 3 BA 10ml ml 300ppmBA 300ppmBA (c) (d) (e) ?3 a. (1) (a) % 2 BA 300ppm %

98 (b) a BA 3OOppm a (c) 5~10 70% 30 1% 0.1% Tween 20) % Murashige & Skoog BA 2~5 mg/l IBA NAA 0.2~0.5mg/l PLB BA NAA IBA a b. a) 2-3 b) % % 5-10 c)

99 p p p p ?18 (7) Paphiopedium papho pedilum Cypripedium Phragmipedium Selenipedium Cypripedilum 60 5C 35C Phragmipedium Phrag. caudatum Phrag. longifolium Phrag. SchlimiPhrag besseae

100 % + CITES 1 a. 2-4 =5:3:1:1 b c. =4: :2:2 1:4:4 2000, 10 d. e. niveumgodefroyedelenatii concolor 20 12~13 30 insignespicerianum fairieanum ~ ~10 f. 70~80% 50~60% 50~60% 8,000~10,000 lux 6,000~7,000 lux g. 2 a. 5~6 9

101 Paph.insignae var Sanderae 23~ ~18 b. 10~12 4 5~ lux ~ P87~105?18 3. C. Phillip Cribb The Genus Paphiopedium The Royal Botanic GardeN Kew. (8) /5 A. regalis A. xanthophylius A. formesam A. koshunensis

102 -283-5~8 1 a. 4 30~40%3 30% 20~30% 10% b. 80% 2 60~70% 65% 50% 4 60~70% 10 18~22 c. 70~80% 2000~ p p ?18 p ) Foliage plants

103 -284- (1) 1Light foot-candle f.c. Lux1f.c=10.7Lux 10000f.c f.c.32kiloluxs 4000 f.c f.c Aglanema spp. 1,500~2,500 1,500~2,000 Aphelandra squarrosa 500~1, ~1,000 Calathea spp. 1,500~2,000 1,500~2,000 Codiaeum variegatum 7,500~10,000 7,000~8,000 Cordyline terminalis 3,500~4,500 3, 500~4,500 Dieffenbachia spp. 3,000~3,500 2,500~3,500 Dracaena fragrans 6,000~12,000 3,000~3,500 Dracaena marginata 6,000~12,000 5,000~6,000 Epipremnum aureum 3,500~4,500 3,000~4,000 Ficus benjamina 8,000~10,000 3,500~6,000 Ficus elastica 8,000~10,000 7,000~8,000 ( )

104 -285- ( 6-21) Ficus lyrata 8,000~10,000 5,000~6,000 Maranta spp. 1,500~2,500 1,500~2,500 Monstera deliciosa 3,500~4,500 3,000~3,500 Nephrolepis exaltata 2,500~3,500 2,500~3,000 Peperomia spp. 2,500~3,500 2,500~3,000 Philodendron spp. 3,500~4,500 2,500~3,500 Pilea spp. 2,500~3,000 2,000~3,000 Sansevieria zeylanica 6,000~12,000 3,500~4,500 Schlumbergera truncata 3,000~4,000 3,000~3,500 Spathiphyllum spp. 3,000~4,000 1,500~2,500 Syngonium podophyllum 3,000~4,000 2,500~3,500 Yucca elephantipes 10,000~12,000 3,500~4,500 Foot candlesf.c. 1 =10.7Lux f.c f.c f.c Adiantum spp. Aechmea spp. Aeschynanthus pulcher Aglanema spp. Aphelandra squarrosa Asparagus densiflorus Asplenium nidus Begonia rex Brassaia actinophylla Calathea spp. Chamaedorea elegans Chamaedorea erumpens Chlorophytum comosum Chrysalidocarpus lutescens ( )

105 -286- ( 6-22) Codiaeum variegatum Cordyline terminalis Dieffenbachia spp. Dizygotheca elegantissima Dracaena deremensis Dracaena fragrans Dracaena marginata Dracaena sanderana Epipremnum aureum Fatsia japonica Ficus benjamina Ficus elastica Ficus lyrata Fittonia verschaffeltii Fittonia argynoneura Hedera helix Hoya carnosa Maranta spp. Nephrolepis exaltata Peperomia spp. Philodendron spp. Pilea spp. Pteris spp. Pteris spp. Sansevieria zeylanica Schlumbergera truncata Spathiphyllum spp. Syngonium podophyllum Yucca elephantipes Zebrina pendula =25~75 =75~150 =150~1,000 2Temperature

106 AB 6-114C 6-114D (2) 1 Araceae Aglaonema Chinese evergreen Alocasia Elephant ears Anthurium Flamingo flower; Tail flower Caladium Mother-in-law plant Dieffenbachia Dumbcane Epipremnum Devil s ivy; Pothos Monstera Swiss-cheese plant; Window plant Philodendron Philodendron Spathiphyllum Peace lily Syngonium Arrow-head vine Zantedeschia Calla lily

107 -288- a. Diffenbachia spp. J. E. Dieffenbachi 30 4/5 1/5 3/4 a) 20~ ~10 10 b)

108 -289- c) 50~75 d) 10 2~3 1~2 1/3 50~70 e) 111v/v f) 1000 b. 40~ ~15 A. commutatum Elegans A. commutatum White Rajah A. crispum A. nitidum Curtissii A. Silver King A. Silver Queen 21~25 13 chilling injury 50~90

109 -290- c. Philodendron Philos dendron P. erubescens Josephine P. laciniatum P. Lemmonlime P. oxycardium P. panduraeforme P. Imperial Red P. Imperia l green 20~26 8~10 d. S. podophyllum White Butterfly S. podophyllum Butterfly S. podophyllum Albovirens S. podophyllum Variegata S. Cream Allusion S. Gold Allusion S. Pink Allusion S. Cream Tetra S. Pink Tetra S. Gold Tetra S. Pixie S. Pixie Cream S. Supreme Cream 20~ a. a) Spaeropteris lepifera Cyatheaceae Spaeropteris tree-fern 2000 Spaeropteris lepifera Cyatheaceae Sphaeropteris

110 -291- Alsophila spinulosa b) Adiantum capillus-veneris Adiantaceae Adiantum Adiantum Maidenhair fern, Venus-hair fern 2000 A. hispidulum A. raddianum A. raddianum Fragrans A. raddianum Brilliantelse c) Nephrolepis auriculata Oleandraceae Nephrolepis Ercet sword fern, Ladder fern, Fishbone fern 2500 N. biserrate N. exaltata N. Bostoniensis d) Asplenium nidus Aspleniaceae Asplenium Asplenium A Splen Bird s -nest fern A. nidus Fimbriatum A. nidus Plicatum A. nidus Auis A. antiguum e) Pteris ensiformis Vitoriae Pteridaceae Pteris Victoria brake, Silver-leaf fern P. cretica Wilsonii P. cretica Albo-lineata P. multifita Variegata P. quadriaurita Argyraea f) Platycerium bifurcatum Platyceriaceae Platycerium Platycerium platysceras

111 -292- Stag s horn fernelkhorn fern P. coronarium P. bifurcatum Netherlands b. 50~70 21~ ~70 2~3 5~7 30~40 c. a) Sporophyte Prothallium V (a) 4~5 9~10 (b) (c) ~10000Lux 2 (d) 2 (e) 1~2 4 2~3

112 -293- b) c) 2~3 MS 1/ / BA 0.5-3ppm 3 a. Marautaceae Calathea Marauta a) (a) C. makoyana (b) C. insignis (c) C. zebrine (d) C. picturata Argentea (e) C.crocata (f) C. roseopicta (g) M. bicolor (h) M. leuconeura Erythrophylla b) 18~26 10 b. Liliaceae

113 -294- a) Asparagus (a)a. plumosus (b) A. densiflorus Springiri (c) A. densiflorus Myers 30~50 (d) A. myriocladus 1~2 13~ b) Aspidistra 40~70 6~15 (a) A. elation (b) A. elation Variegate (c) A. elation Punctata 20~22 6 c) Chlorophytum bichetii Chlorophytum comosum 15~20 1~2 (a) 20~ ~30 1~2 30~60 C. comosum C. comosum Variegatum C. comosum Variegatum C. comosum Picturatum 20~28 5~6 6~10 (b)?a Liniope spicata

114 ~ ?b Ophiopogon japonicus 10 5?c Polygonatum odoratum Variegatum c. Piperaceae Peperomia 1000 P. caperata 20 P. glabella Variegata P. hederibolia P. obtusifolia 30 P. sandersii P. scandens Variegata a) 20~ d. Pilea 400 P. nummulariifolia P. cadierei aluminum plant 15~30 P. mollis P. depressa a) 20~27, 10

115 : Broertjes, C.and A.M. Van Harten Application of mutation breeding methods. In' Improving vegetatively propagated crops ( Abbetta, A. J. and R.K. Atkin, ed.) Academic Press, pp Hartman, H. T. and D. E. Kester Plant propagation principles and practices. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. PP Henny, R. J Breeding, growing and observing dieffenbachia species and seedlings. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 90: Henny, R. J. 1980a. Germination of Dieffenbachia maculata Perfection pollen after storage at defferent temperature and relative humidity regimes. Hort Science 15(2): Henny, R. J. 1980b. Gibberellic acid (GA3) induce flowering in Dieffenbachia maculata ' Perfection'. J. Amer. Sue. Hort. Sci. 105(4): Henny R. J Inheritance of foliar variegation in two Dieffenbachia. The Journal of Heredity 73; Henny, R. J Inheritance of the white foliar midrib in Dieffenbachia and its linkage with the gene for foliar variegation. The Journal of Heredity 74: Henny, R. J Inheritance of foliar variegation in Dieffenbachia macu!ata 'Camilla'. The Journal of Heredity 77: Henny, R. J Ornamental aroids: culture and breeding Horticultural Reviews 8: Henny, R. J Development, testing and release of new ornamental aroid cultivars. Acta Horticulture 252: Henny, R. J C. A. Conover and R. T. Polle.1987a. Triumph' Dieffenbachia. HortScience 22(5): Henny, R. J C. A. Conover and R. T. Polle.1987b.'Victory' Dieffenbachia. HortScience 22(5): Henny, R. J., R. T. Poole and C. A. Conover 'Star White' Dieffenbachia. HortScience 27(l): Iwata, R. Y C. S. Tang and H. Kamemoto Anthocyanins of Anthurium andraeanum lind J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104: Iwata, R. Y C. S. Tang arid H. Kamemoto Conentration of Anthocyanins

116 -297- affecting spathe color in Anthuriums. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 110: Kamemoto, H. and H. Y. Nakasone Evaluation and improvement of Anthurium clone. Uni. of Hawaii Agr. Exp. Station, Tech. Bull Kamemoto, H H.Y. Nakasone and M. Aragaki Improvement Acta Horticulture 246: Kamemoto, H R. Y. Iwata and M. Marutani Genetics of Spathe color in Anthurium andraeanum Andre. HortScience 19: Kunisaki, J. T Tissue culture of tropical ornamental plants. Hort Science 12: Poole, R. T. and C. A. Conover Production of ornamental foliage plants. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. pp Smith, R. H. and R. E. Norris In vitro Propagation of African Viole Chimeras. Hort Science 18(4); Surawit, W. and H. Kamemoto Inheritance of purple spathe in Anthurium. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115(l): Tilney -Bassett, R. A. E The chimeral problem. In: Improving vegetatively propagated crops. (Abbott, A. J R. K. Atkin, ed.) Academic Press, pp Tilney-Bassett, R. A. E Genetics of variegation and maternal inheritance in ornamentals. In Genetics and breeding of ornamental species' (Harding, J. F. Singh and J. N. M. Mol, ed.) Kluwer Academic publishers pp Vaughn, K. C., D. L. Kimpel and K. G. Wilson Control of organelle transmission in Chlorophytum Current Genetics 3: Wilfret, G. J. and T. J. Sheehan Development of new foliage plant cultivars. In ' Foliage plant Production' (J. Joiner, ed ).

117 ,872 ( ), 4, (6) 18 1) (1) 1975 papaya Ringspot Virus , , //

118 , ?1 a. a) b) c) 6-18 d) 34,190 10,310 / e) Brix f) 567,680 / 9,500 / b. a) 2550 / b) c) d) e) 6-24 (cm) (cm) () ( / ) () (Brix) () , ,680 ( )

119 -300- ( 6-24) (cm) (cm) () ( / ) () (Brix) () ( ) 10, , ? a. 32 b ?3 a.

120 -301- b. c. 32 d e. f. g h i j k. l ? Brix

121 -302- (2) m %?1 a. 2 inch mm 3.5m 3m b. 16?2 a. 2 15%

122 -303- b. a) b) c) d) e) f) 4 5 g) h) 6-25 () (%) (%) g mm mm Brix

123 x 26 2inch = 10, x 18 6 = 4, x 300 = 7, ,600 x 8 = 20,800 2,000 x 4 x 4 = , (3) Averrhoa carambola Linn Oxalidaceae 300?1 7~8 5~7 3~5 3

124 -305-?2 a. a) 5~7 b) c) d) 5~10 b. a) b) c) d)? ~ Brix %

125 / / = 14, = 35, / = 12, / = 32,000 3~ , P : : : P P P : : : : Lin, C. C. 1984Phytophthora fruit rot Indian jujubezizyphus jujube Lam. Pant Protectection Bulletin Taiwan. 264: Slamet, S. and Yoshikazu, N Effect of winter heating on flowering time, fruiting

126 -307- and fruit development in pummelo grown under plastic house. Japan Soc. Sci.59 2: ) (1) 25 spindle Chalmers Tatura 1985 Horton Y?1 Pisa Loretti University of FirenzeBellini 1.2m x 0.9m 2m x 1m 1 20~30 4~ ~60 4~5

127 ~40 8~10 20~30?2 a. a) Tatura trellis 30-50cm Y 25mm 5.4m 1m 4.0m 1: m cm 15cm Y b) (a) 3,465mm, 2,626mm 76%

128 (b)?a cm 2~3 80cm 30cm?b 0.15mm 25~30% 0.1mm 0.08mm 0.15mm 10% PE PE % mm b z 82 bc ab 79 b a 72 a z Mean seperation with column by Duncanis multiple range test. P= ?c 0.6m 1m 60cm (c)?a 16~24 11~16 5% 50%

129 ~6 11~12 10~14 2~3 10~ ?b?c ?d / cm 60cm 56.4% (%) () (%) (%) (%) (%) Sunako wase Nakatsu H. Aki ( ) ( 6-31) ( ) F-test N.S. ** N.S. N.S. N.S. * ( ) F-test N.S. ** N.S. ** N.S. N.S

130 -311- (%) () (%) (%) (%) (%) ( ) F-test * ** N.S. ** N.S. * **, * Mean separated significantly at P=0.01 and P=0.05 level respectively b. Y Y WTO a) 5 5m x 7m 300 6m x 2.1m 750 Y 16 12,000 6~ b) 95%

131 -312- Y P Bargioni, G., F. Loreti, and P.L. Pisani Performance of peach and nectarine in a high density system in Italy. HortScience 182: Chalmers, D. J., B. Van Den Ende, and L. Van Heek Productivity and mechanization of the Tatura trellis orchard. HortScience 13: Erez, A Peach meadow orchards. Acta Hort. 173: Horton, B. D Effects of tree density on mortality of peaches on a short life site. HortScience 20: Loreti, F., R. Nassai, and S. Norini Further observations on high density nectarine plantings. Acta Hort. 243: Wertheim,S.J High-density planting: development and current achievements in the Netherlands, Belgium, and West Germany. Acta Hort. 114: (2)

132 %?1 a b. 2- morit 1977CD Sakunia mikio % 2448 merit

133 c d

134 ( 1986) e

135 f /

136 ( 1986) ( 1986)

137 ( 1986) g

138 -319- h ( 1986)?2 a

139 , PE # PE PE

140 -321- b. 95% % % Hg 15 Hg % 40% % ,1990 S N M Field

141 , ,1990 S N M Field

142 ,1990 c PE # m mole/m2/s PE m mole/m 2 /s PE PE 2/3 1/

143 ,00018,000kg/ha % Kliewer 1/10 1/4 1/ /3

144 ( ) p ( ) p ( ) p ( ) p ( 14 ) p ( 12 ) p ( 1 ) p ( 14 ) p ( 14 ) p ( ()) p ( 14 ) p ( 10 ) p (14) (2) p N 61 p

145 (1 ) 61 p : p Muscat of Alexandria (3 ) 48 p (4 ) (5 ) : () p

146 ) (1) ha ,000 ha 25,000 ha 3-4,000 ha 5,000 ha 50% 4,000 ha 1,000 ha 1,000 ha 1,000 ha 1,056 ha 650 ha ha ha (2) ?1?2 Nutrient Film Technique?3

147 ) (1)?1

148 -329- HyponicaM? M?3 ph

149 -330- (2) NFT6-27? Douglas Allen. J. Cooper 1/70-1/100?2 1/70-1/ cm?3

150 -331- (3)?1 4 PF ? cm3 7.5cm 30cm cm EC?3 4

151 -332-3) (1) H H C 13 N P K Ca Mg S Fe Mn B Cu Zn Mo Cl 6-32 ph ph

152 Mg Mg AI AI mg/me C CO 2 1mM 44mg H 1.01 H 2 O 1mM 18 O O 2 1mM 32 N NO 3, NH 4 + P HPO 4, HPO K K Ca Ca S SO Fe Fe 3+, Fe Mo MoO Mn Mn B BO 3 2 3, B 4 O Cu Cu 2+, Cu Zn Zn CI CI 35.4 Si SiO Na Na (2) 6-33 Hoagland Arnon Steiner

153 me/l NO N P K Ca Mg Arnon Hoagland ,000 E D me/l T A ms/cm ( )

154 -335- ( 6-34) * ppm EDTA-Fe ,000 ppm (mg/l) 10l (g) B 0.5 H 3 BO Mn 0.5 M n cl 2 4H 2 O Zn 0.05 ZnSO 4 7H 2 O Cu 0.02 CuSo 4 5H 2 O Mo 0.01 Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O ? 100ml? MnSO44H 2 O 10l 213g? Fe 3 ppm EDTA-Fe 23g 1,000 10l 226g (3) mm m mol/lme ppm me/l 1 l milligram ppm g 1/1000 mg K me/l =39.1 1=39.1 mg Ca Mg Ca 1 me=40 2=20 mgmg 1 me = =12.2mg K 39.1mg Ca 20mg Mg 12.2mg 1 l 1 me/l ppm l 1 mg1000 l 1 g 1 ppm K 1 me/ l 39.1 ppmca 1 me/l 20 ppm

155 ,000 l 6-30 EC 0.55 ms/cmno3-nnh4-npcamg me/l me/l 6-36 N(me/ l) P K Ca Mg EC NO 3 -N NH 4 -N me/ l me/ l me/ l me/ l ms/cm g/t KNO CaNO 3 2 4H 2 O MgSO 4 7H 2 O NH 4 H 2 PO (NH 4 NO 3 ) (1.14) (1.14) (46 (KNO 3 ) (1.14) (1.14) (115) ,000l KNO3 378CaNO324H2O 182MgSO4 7H2O 108NH4H2PO4 76g NO3-N NH4NO3 46gKNO3 115 (4) EC EC ms/cm EC EC 6-29

156 , 1982 EC EC 1.5 m mho 20 EC 1.0 m mho x m 1.0x x m mho 20 A B A Fe-EDTA B A B (5)pH ph ph 1 ph ph7 ph6 3N 8-10ml 200 ph 1 6 ph ph ph 8 ph 4.5 ph ph 50 ppm NO3-PO3- - -

157 -338- K+ Ca++Mg++ ph ph ph Ca++Mg++ ph NH4+ ph NO3- ph

158 ) (1) energy /m 2 40W µ mol m -2 s a1996b ? CO 2?2 50~80% 7 a b c. 30% d. 10% =

159 %?3 7 a. 1/7 b. 1/7 c. d. e ~20% 4 15 CO 2 f % g. 2~3 h. 2 i ~5% j. k. CO 2 28,000 CO 2 CO 2 90% CO 2 l. % m. n. o.?4

160 ~3 1~3 (3) pilot scale Clean area Non clean area W 16 16W ~3 9500~ ~ ~ energy 2000

161 (2000),, 75(11): ( )(1999)?? 191 pp. 3. (1996a) (1),, 71(1), (1996b) (2),, 71(2), (1998)?? 172pp. 6. (2000)??,, 75(3), (4), (2000)??,, 12(3), (1998),, 10(2), (2000) 2??,, 12(4), (2000) 3??,, 12(4), Kozai, T., C. Chun, K. Ohyama and C. Kubota 2000 Closed transplant production systems with artificial lighting for production of high quality transplants with environment conservation and minimum use of resource, In Proceedings of The 15 th Workshop on Agricultural Structures and ACESYS (Automation, Culture, Environment & System) Conference, , Dec.4-5, Tsukuba, Japan 12. Kozai, T., C. Kubota, C. Chun and K. Ohyama 2000 Closed transplant production systems with artificial lighting for quality control, resource saving and environment conservation, In Proceedings of The XIV Memorial CIGR World Congress 2000,